Toxicologic emergencies in cattle

Approach to Toxicologic Emergencies

Equine toxicologic emergencies are relatively uncommon but can cause significant morbidity and mortality in a group of comanaged horses. The field veterinarian's role is to triage the situation, as well as the individual animal. Individual patient stabilization should focus on support of essential organ functions, providing time for treatments to have an effect or for elimination of the toxicant. Decontamination procedures can follow patient stabilization, if appropriate. Antidotes are often not available or feasible for equine intoxications. The field veterinarian should emphasize triage and stabilization before referral and on-site identification and collection of diagnostic samples to support the diagnosis.

A Probable Fatal Case of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning on a Cattle Farm: A New Method of Detection and Quantification of the Oleandrin Toxin in Rumen

Oleander (Nerium oleander) is an ornamental plant common in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is becoming increasingly widespread, even in temperate regions. Oleander poisoning may occur in animals and humans. The main active components contained in the plant are cardiac glycosides belonging to the class of cardenolides that are toxic to many species, from human to insects. This work describes a case of oleander poisoning that occurred on a small cattle farm and resulted in the fatality of all six resident animals. Furthermore, the investigation of the poisonous agent is described, with particular focus on the characterization of the oleandrin toxin that was recovered from the forage and rumen contents. The innovation of this study is the first description of the detection and quantification of the oleandrin toxin by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in rumen.