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Naik MV, Kirino Y, Uemura R, Kim S, Inoue Y, Hidaka Y. Radiographic diagnosis and surgical management for successful outcomes for osteochondrosis in Japanese Black calves. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:151-157. [PMID: 33390374 PMCID: PMC7870393 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is not well recognized in cattle. Japanese Black (JB) cattle are valued for their beef and studies regarding OC are scarce. Hence, the aim
of this study was to retrospectively discuss clinical and radiographical findings, diagnosis and treatment options for OC in JB cattle for successful outcomes.
Medical records of 11 calves affected with OC were reviewed, retrospectively. Clinical and radiographic findings, treatment and outcomes and postmortem
examination findings were analyzed. All calves had lameness. Stifle (4/14) and tarsal (4/14) were the most affected joints. Subchondral bone lucencies were
observed in all joints (14/14) and accompanied with sclerosis (10/14). Radiographic grading was performed in calves. Calves were treated surgically (8/11) or
conservatively (1/11). Surgically treated calves were auctioned (5/8). Postmortem examination was performed (2/11). Gross findings revealed ulcerative lesion at
articular surface. Histopathologically, cartilage layer was defected at lesion. Inflammation (2/2) and granulation tissue (1/2) was also observed. In
conclusion, OC in JB cattle can be diagnosed on the basis of radiography with history and clinical signs in clinical setting. Surgery should be performed in
mild cases for successful outcomes. A modified radiographic grading criteria for clinical cases may hold potential in evaluating prognosis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmayi Vishwanath Naik
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Kirino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Sueun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hidaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Hagag U, Tawfiek MG, Brehm W. Palmar arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the bovine carpal joints. Vet Surg 2019; 48:537-545. [PMID: 30623470 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the palmar arthroscopic approaches to the bovine carpus and document the visible intra-articular structures in each approach. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Thirty fresh cadaveric bovine forelimbs. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) and gross dissection were performed on 4 carpi. Latex models were produced from 6 carpi to define the gross anatomy and arthroscopic portals to the palmar carpal pouches. Ultrasonography and arthroscopy were performed on 20 carpi to document visualization of the local anatomy. RESULTS A single palmar pouch was present on both sides of each joint on gross dissection and evaluation of latex models. The relationship between pouches and palmar structures was observed by CT. Small anechoic areas identified on ultrasonography increased after joint distension. Palmar arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint enabled visualization of the palmar surfaces of radial, intermediate, and ulnar carpal bones; distal radius; ulnar styloid process; palmar radiocarpal ligament; and articulation of accessory and ulnar carpal bones. Palmar arthroscopy of the middle carpal joint enabled inspection of the palmar aspects of ulnar, intermediate, radial, fused second and third and fourth carpal bones, palmar carpometacarpal ligament, and the short lateral collateral ligament. Palmar aspects of the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones were explored through the palmarolateral approach to the middle carpal joint. Instrument portals for each pouch were created under arthroscopic guidance. CONCLUSION Palmar arthroscopy of the adult bovine carpus enabled visualization of the clinically relevant palmar intra-articular structures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Palmar carpal arthroscopy should be considered as an adjunct to dorsal approach for the diagnosis and treatment of bovine carpal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Hagag
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Tawfiek
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walter Brehm
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Motta G, Girardi A, Sabes A, Portugal E, Nociti R, Bueno G, Marques L. Clinical and radiographic changes of carpi, tarsi and interphalangeal joints of beef zebu bulls on semen collection regimen. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis and osteochondrosis are highly correlated to reproductive failure in bulls. This study aimed to evaluate the carpal, tarsal and interphalangeal lesions in beef zebu bulls on semen collection regimen. Twenty-one beef cattle bulls, in a total of forty-one animals, were split into three age-based groups: animals from two to four years old (GI), from more than four to eight years old (GII) and above eight years old (GIII). The clinical findings were conformational changes of limbs, synovial effusion, peripheral venous engorgement of joints and prolonged decubitus. The total population showed moderate clinical manifestation and radiographic score. The GIII presented more severe joint lesions. Carpi and tarsi regions had discrete to difuse osteophytosis, subchondral cysts, cartilaginous flaps, bone incongruence and fragmentation, osteitis, and ankylosis. Interphalangeal joints presented osteophytosis, distal phalanx osteitis and enthesophytosis. The digital radiographic examination allowed full identification of articular lesions and their clinical correspondences, besides the positive correlation between age, body weight and radiographic score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E.S. Portugal
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil
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Lardé H, Nichols S, Babkine M, Desrochers A. Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the bovine tarsocrural joint. Vet Surg 2017; 46:145-157. [PMID: 28052415 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine arthroscopic approaches to the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the tarsocrural joint in adult cattle, and to describe the arthroscopic intra-articular anatomy from each approach. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. ANIMALS Fresh adult bovine cadavers (n = 7). METHODS Two tarsocrural joint were injected with latex to determine arthroscopic portal locations and arthroscopy of the tarsocrural joint of 12 tarsi was performed. The dorsolateral approach was made through the large pouch located between the long digital extensor and peroneus longus tendons. The dorsomedial approach was made just medial to the common synovial sheath of the tibialis cranialis, peroneus tertius, and long digital extensor tendons. The plantarolateral and plantaromedial approaches were made lateral and medial to the tarsal tendon sheath, respectively. RESULTS Each approach allowed visualization of the distal tibia articulating with the proximal trochlea of the talus. Consistently observed structures included the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, and the medial and lateral trochlear ridges and trochlear groove of the talus. Lateral and medial malleoli were best assessed from dorsal approaches. From the lateral approaches evaluation of the abaxial surface of the lateral trochlear ridge allowed visualization of the fibulocalcaneal joint. From the plantar approaches additional observed structures included the coracoid process of the calcaneus, plantar trochlea of the talus, and plantar talotibial and talofibular ligaments. CONCLUSION In cattle, the dorsolateral and plantarolateral approaches allowed for the best evaluation of the dorsal and plantar aspects of the tarsocrural joint, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lardé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Nichols
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Babkine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - André Desrochers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Cypher E, Amstel S, Lyons R, Anderson DE. Lag screw and tension band wire arthrodesis of the scapulohumeral joint in a miniature bull calf. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cypher
- LACSUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Sarel Amstel
- LACSUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Rachel Lyons
- LACSUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - David E Anderson
- LACSUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
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Hancock AS, Younis PJ, Beggs DS, Mansell PD, Stevenson MA, Pyman MF. An assessment of dairy herd bulls in southern Australia: 2. Analysis of bull- and herd-level risk factors and their associations with pre- and postmating breeding soundness results. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9998-10008. [PMID: 27743659 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In pasture-based, seasonally calving dairy herds of southern Australia, the mating period usually consists of an initial artificial insemination period followed by a period of natural service using herd bulls. The primary objective of this study was to identify associations between individual bull- and herd-level management factors and bull fertility as measured by a pre- and postmating bull breeding soundness evaluation (BBSE). Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with bulls being classified as high risk of reduced fertility at the premating and postmating BBSE. Bulls older than 4 yr of age at the premating BBSE were more likely to be classified high risk compared with bulls less than 4 yr of age. Bulls that were in herds in which concentrates were fed before mating were more likely to be classified as high risk at the postmating BBSE compared with bulls that were in herds where concentrates were not fed. Univariable analyses also identified areas in need of further research, including breed differences between dairy bulls, leg conformation and joint abnormalities, preventative hoof blocking for bulls, and mating ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hancock
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; The Vet Group, Timboon, Victoria 3268, Australia.
| | - P J Younis
- The Vet Group, Timboon, Victoria 3268, Australia
| | - D S Beggs
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - P D Mansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - M A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - M F Pyman
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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Abstract
Osteochondrosis is defined as a focal disturbance in endochondral ossification. The cartilage superficial to an osteochondrosis lesion can fracture, giving rise to fragments in joints known as osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). In pigs and horses, it has been confirmed that the disturbance in ossification is the result of failure of the blood supply to epiphyseal growth cartilage and associated ischemic chondronecrosis. The earliest lesion following vascular failure is an area of ischemic chondronecrosis at an intermediate depth of the growth cartilage (osteochondrosis latens) that is detectable ex vivo, indirectly using contrast-enhanced micro- and conventional computed tomography (CT) or directly using adiabatic T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging. More chronic lesions of ischemic chondronecrosis within the ossification front (osteochondrosis manifesta) are detectable by the same techniques and have also been followed longitudinally in pigs using plain CT. The results confirm that lesions sometimes undergo spontaneous resolution, and in combination, CT and histology observations indicate that this occurs by filling of radiolucent defects with bone from separate centers of endochondral ossification that form superficial to lesions and by phagocytosis and intramembranous ossification of granulation tissue that forms deep to lesions. Research is currently aimed at discovering the cause of the vascular failure in osteochondrosis, and studies of spontaneous lesions suggest that failure is associated with the process of incorporating blood vessels into the advancing ossification front during growth. Experimental studies also show that bacteremia can lead to vascular occlusion. Future challenges are to differentiate between causes of vascular failure and to discover the nature of the heritable predisposition for osteochondrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Olstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Institute of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Ekman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Barbosa JD, Lima DHS, Belo-Reis AS, Pinheiro CP, Sousa MG, Silva JB, Salvarani FM, Oliveira CMC. Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of the epidemiological and clinic-pathological aspects of cattle and buffaloes with degenerative joint disease (DJD) was conducted in the state of Pará, Brazil. From 1999 to 2014, eleven cattle and 24 buffaloes were evaluated. All the treated animals with suspected DJD underwent a clinical examination of the musculoskeletal system. In seven cattle and eight buffaloes with clinical signs of the disease postmortem examination was performed. The common clinical signs observed in both species were chronic lameness, stiff gait, postural changes, audible crackles in the affected limb, prolonged recumbency, difficulty in getting up and progressive weight loss. The lesions observed at necropsy were: irregular articular surfaces, erosion of the articular cartilage and the underlying bone tissue, and proliferation of the periarticular bone tissue with formation of osteophytes. The most affected joints in cattle and buffaloes wereof the hind limb. In buffaloes, the main predisposing factor to the onset of DJD was phosphorus deficiency. In cattle, defects of the anatomical conformation of the hind limbs, chronic trauma due to the activities performed, such as semen collection, and advanced age possibly contributed to the emergence of the disease.
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