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Câmara ACL, de Sousa DER, de Mâcedo IL, Soares KL, Borges JRJ, Martins CF, de Mesquita AQ, Dutra V, de Castro MB. Suppurative Meningoencephalitis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Direct Extension of Chronic Otitis in a Gir Cow. Vet Sci 2023; 10:398. [PMID: 37368784 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to report clinical, laboratory and pathological features in a case of suppurative meningoencephalitis by P. aeruginosa from the direct extension of chronic otitis in a Gir cow. The cow was recumbent during physical examination, and neurological examination revealed depression, absence of left eyelid and auricular motor reflex, and hypotonic tongue. Hematology revealed hemoconcentration, leukocytosis by neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cerebrospinal fluid was slightly turbid, and presented polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, and hyperproteinorrachia. Grossly, the skull floor showed a purulent green-yellow exudate that drained from the left inner ear to the cisterna magna. There was diffuse congestion of the telencephalon, and meninges showed severe hyperemia, moderate thickening, and opacity with the deposition of fibrinosuppurative material ventrally, extending to the cerebellum and brainstem. The left cerebellar hemisphere showed an approximately 1.5 cm in diameter liquefaction area surrounded by a hemorrhagic halo. Histologically, cerebellar, mesencephalic, thalamic, and brain base meninges were intensely thickened and showed severe suppurative inflammation and fibrin deposition. Small multifocal suppurative areas were observed in the cerebellum and brainstem, characterized by a necrotic core, a number of neutrophils, and Gram-negative intralesional bacillary myriads. Pure cultures of P. aeruginosa were obtained and identified in the suppurative CNS lesions, meninges, and inner ear samples. This report highlights an uncommon clinical evolution of secondary P. aeruginosa suppurative meningoencephalitis, probably triggered by recurrent parasitic otitis in an adult Gir cow. Veterinarians, practitioners, and farmers must be aware of the risk of CNS infections after unresolved media and inner otitis, especially in cattle breeds more prone to developing parasitic otitis, such as the Gir and Indubrasil breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabel Luana de Mâcedo
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Karoline Lacerda Soares
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - José Renato Junqueira Borges
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins
- Centro de Tecnologia para Raças Zebuínas Leiteiras, Embrapa Cerrados, Brasilia 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Dutra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Pupin RC, Leal PV, Paula JP, Guizelini CC, Möck TB, Lemos RAA, Gomes DC. Cattle diseases in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: a 24-year survey (1995-2018). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: We reviewed the records of 5,083 cattle necropsies performed from January 1995 to December 2018 and filed at the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology (LAP) of the “Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul” (UFMS). These necropsies were performed either by LAP-UFMS faculty (22.33%) or by field veterinary practitioners (77.67%) who subsequently submitted material for histological evaluation at the LAP-UFMS. Conclusive diagnoses were reached in 46.21% of the protocols (2,349 cases), and approximately 65% of the cases were classified as inflammatory or parasitic diseases, with rabies being the most diagnosed disease (20.82% of total conclusive diagnosis). There were a large number of protocols in which the diagnosis was of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown cause (NSMUC). Those were the main differentials for rabies and bovine herpesvirus-5 necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME); that is, the number of rabies cases may be even higher if one considers that many cases of NSMUC might be undiagnosed rabies cases. Toxic and toxic-infectious diseases were the second most prevalent category, and botulism cases represented 41% of this category. The other categories corresponded to less than 20% of the total diagnoses and were distributed in decreasing order of frequency as degenerative diseases (9.79%), diseases caused by physical agents (3.87%), other diseases (2.13%), neoplasms and tumor-like lesions (1.79%), metabolic or nutritional disorders (1.75%) and congenital malformations (0.64%). The large number of inconclusive diagnoses was mainly due to improper conditions of mailed-in material for histopathological evaluation, namely, nonrepresentative samples of all organs, autolysis, and the absence of epidemiological and clinical-pathological information.
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Clarke LL, Hawkins IK, Rissi DR. Central nervous system diseases of cattle in Georgia, 2001-2017. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:588-593. [PMID: 31179896 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719854788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a review of 159 archived bovine autopsy cases submitted to the Georgia Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System from 2001 to 2017, we evaluated histologic lesions and other laboratory test results in cases diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) disease to determine the most common disorders and the rate of definitive morphologic and etiologic diagnosis within the population. The most common breed was Aberdeen Angus or Angus (31%), and female animals comprised 60% of the overall submissions. Gross anatomic changes were described in 33% of cases that had histologic lesions. Suppurative meningoencephalitis was the most common diagnosis (28% of cases overall) and was frequently associated with bacterial sepsis. Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis without an identified etiology was diagnosed in 17% of cases. Polioencephalomalacia was the most commonly identified noninfectious diagnosis (17%). Hydrocephalus was the most common CNS comorbidity and potential congenital defect. Identification of specific agents was sporadic, and infectious disease testing was largely dependent on fluorescent antibody testing, almost all of which were negative. Our findings indicate the common differential diagnoses for cattle with neurologic signs in the southeastern United States, as well the need for a well-defined, methodical diagnostic approach, including autopsy, histology, and appropriate additional laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei L Clarke
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (Clarke).,Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine (UGA-CVM), Athens, GA (Rissi).,Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, UGA-CVM, Tifton, GA (Hawkins)
| | - Ian K Hawkins
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (Clarke).,Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine (UGA-CVM), Athens, GA (Rissi).,Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, UGA-CVM, Tifton, GA (Hawkins)
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (Clarke).,Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine (UGA-CVM), Athens, GA (Rissi).,Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, UGA-CVM, Tifton, GA (Hawkins)
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