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Webb TL, Webb CB. Comparing adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with prednisolone for the treatment of feline inflammatory bowel disease. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e244-e250. [PMID: 35713592 PMCID: PMC10812281 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of feline mesenchymal stem cells (fMSC) with prednisolone as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in cats. METHODS Cats with chronic enteropathy that failed a 2-week diet trial and were not found to have significant concurrent disease were eligible for the study. If endoscopic biopsies confirmed a histopathologic diagnosis of IBD, the cat was randomly assigned to either the fMSC or prednisolone groups. Owners were blinded to the grouping. Stem cell treatment consisted of two intravenous injections of 2 × 106 cells/kg of freshly cultured allogeneic stem cells separated by 2 weeks. Prednisolone treatment was 1-2 mg/kg PO q24h, tapered according to clinical response. Owners were asked to make no changes (eg, diet and other medications) for the first 2 months, at which time they either continued to the 6-month recheck with no changes, or 'failed' treatment and owners were unblinded and changes made as necessary. RESULTS Six prednisolone and six fMSC treatment cats completed the study. All six prednisolone group cats were spayed females with a mean age of 8.3 years (range 2-14), a mean body weight of 3.6 kg (range 2.5-4.8) and a mean pretreatment Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI) score of 3.6 (range 2-6). The six stem cell cats included three spayed females and three castrated males, and had a mean age of 8.0 years (range 4.5-13), a mean body weight of 4.9 kg (range 4.0-5.9) and a mean pretreatment FCEAI score of 3.7 (range 2-5). One cat in each group failed at the 2-month recheck. At the 6-month recheck, the mean FCEAI score for the prednisolone group was 3.7 (range 0.5-9) and 0.75 (range 0-1.5) for the fMSC group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results suggest that this specific fMSC protocol appears to be as effective in the treatment of feline IBD as a standard course of prednisolone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Webb
- Clinical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Craig B Webb
- Clinical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Evaluation of a Probability-Based Predictive Tool on Pathologist Agreement Using Urinary Bladder as a Pilot Tissue. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070367. [PMID: 35878384 PMCID: PMC9323256 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a common joke in pathology—put three pathologists in a room and you will obtain three different answers. This saying comes from the fact that pathology can be subjective; pathologists’ diagnoses can be influenced by many different biases, and pathologists are also influenced by the presence or absence of animal information and medical history. Compared to pathology, statistics is a much more objective field. This study aimed to develop a probability-based tool using statistics obtained by analyzing 338 histopathology slides of canine and feline urinary bladders, then see if the tool affected agreement between the test pathologists. Four pathologists diagnosed 25 canine and feline bladder slides and they conducted this three times: without animal and clinical information, then with this information, and finally using the probability tool. Results showed large differences in the pathologists’ interpretation of bladder slides, with kappa agreement values (low value for digital slide images, high value for glass slides) of 7–37% without any animal or clinical information, 23–37% with animal signalment and history, and 31–42% when our probability tool was used. This study provides a starting point for the use of probability-based tools in standardizing pathologist agreement in veterinary pathology. Abstract Inter-pathologist variation is widely recognized across human and veterinary pathology and is often compounded by missing animal or clinical information on pathology submission forms. Variation in pathologist threshold levels of resident inflammatory cells in the tissue of interest can further decrease inter-pathologist agreement. This study applied a predictive modeling tool to bladder histology slides that were assessed by four pathologists: first without animal and clinical information, then with this information, and finally using the predictive tool. All three assessments were performed twice, using digital whole-slide images (WSI) and then glass slides. Results showed marked variation in pathologists’ interpretation of bladder slides, with kappa agreement values of 7–37% without any animal or clinical information, 23–37% with animal signalment and history, and 31–42% when our predictive tool was applied, for digital WSI and glass slides. The concurrence of test pathologists to the reference diagnosis was 60% overall. This study provides a starting point for the use of predictive modeling in standardizing pathologist agreement in veterinary pathology. It also highlights the importance of high-quality whole-slide imaging to limit the effect of digitization on inter-pathologist agreement and the benefit of continued standardization of tissue assessment in veterinary pathology.
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Concordance of the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Concurrent Duodenal and Ileal Biopsy Specimens in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102938. [PMID: 34679959 PMCID: PMC8532859 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathologic discordance between gastrointestinal (GI) locations in canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) has prompted recommendations to biopsy both the duodenum and ileum, while further evaluation is required for non-CIE. We aimed to determine the concordance of histopathologic diagnosis between duodenal and ileal endoscopic or full-thickness biopsy specimens for all dogs with CIE and GI neoplasia and to assess the association between histopathologic discordance between GI locations with clinicopathologic variables. Seventy-nine dogs were eligible, with endoscopic (74) or full-thickness (5) biopsy specimens. Clinicopathological data were recorded for all dogs. Concordance of histopathologic diagnosis was retrospectively assessed for concurrent duodenal and ileal biopsy specimens by a single board-certified veterinary pathologist using the modified World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group guidelines. Sixty-seven dogs were diagnosed with CIE and 5 with enteric-associated T-cell lymphoma-2 (EATL-2). Concordance of histologic diagnosis between duodenal and ileal sites was similar between endoscopic (73.0%) and full-thickness (80.0%) biopsy groups. For the CIE cases, lymphoplasmacytic enteritis had the highest concordance (73.0%) and eosinophilic enteritis the least (16.7%). Of the 5 neoplastic cases, 5/5 (100%) were present at the duodenum but only 3/5 (60%) in the ileum. No clinicopathologic variables demonstrated a statistically significant association with discordance. We conclude that the level of discordance necessitates concurrent biopsy of both duodenum and ileum in all dogs with chronic GI signs. The rate of EATL-2 was lower than rates reported for cats.
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Manz A, Allenspach K, Kummer S, Richter B, Walter I, Macho-Maschler S, Tichy A, Burgener IA, Luckschander-Zeller N. Upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1288-1296. [PMID: 33955083 PMCID: PMC8163116 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) is upregulated in mucosal epithelial cells and correlates with clinical severity. Hypothesis/Objective To investigate the expression pattern of pSTAT3 in the mucosa of dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and explore correlations between its expression and clinical and histopathological severity scoring. Animals Twenty‐eight canine CIE patients grouped into food‐responsive enteropathy (FRE; 9), steroid‐responsive enteropathy (SRE; 10), and protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE; 9). Ten healthy beagle dogs served as controls (CO). Methods Retrospective case control study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect pSTAT3 in canine duodenal mucosa samples. Results Compared to CO, SRE (P < .001) and PLE (P < .001) dogs had significantly higher pSTAT3 expression in the villus epithelium. The SRE group had a significantly higher expression in the villus lamina propria (VLP) compared to controls (P = .009). In the crypt epithelium (CE), all CIE dogs had significantly higher pSTAT3 expression (FRE, P = .002; SRE, P = .003; PLE, P < .001) compared to CO. In the lamina propria crypt region (CLP), dogs with FRE (P = .04) and SRE (P = .03) had significantly upregulated pSTAT3 compared to controls. A positive correlation was found between canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scoring and pSTAT3 expression for both epithelial (rho = .541; P < .001) and crypt regions (rho = .32; P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance pSTAT3 is upregulated in CIE in dogs, correlates with clinical severity, and may be helpful as a clinical marker in dogs with CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Manz
- Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Stefan Kummer
- Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Luckschander-Zeller
- Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Study of Correlations between Clinical Signs and Morphological Features Identified in Dogs Affected with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper evaluates possible relations between the clinical activity and the histopathological findings of the entire intestine in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To perform this study, hospital records of 64 dogs of different sex and breed diagnosed with IBD were evaluated. The results of this study did not show a statistically significant correlation between clinical activity and the histopathological assessment of dogs with IBD. Certain connections were found between diarrhea and lacteal dilation in duodenum, and hematochezia and villous epithelial injury in colon but no other associations were found between the rest of the lesions and symptoms.
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Cazzini P, Watson MK, Gottdenker N, Mayer J, Reavill D, Fox JG, Parry N, Sakamoto K. Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:17-24. [PMID: 31884894 PMCID: PMC7003233 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719896555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals, including ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Clinical signs of IBD are nonspecific, and intestinal biopsies are necessary for a definitive diagnosis. A grading scheme has not been established for ferrets. Additionally, the association between histologic severity and clinical signs in ferrets is unknown. We evaluated enteric samples from ferrets diagnosed with IBD, compared histologic grading schemes, and correlated the results with the severity of clinical signs. Enteric sections from 23 ferrets with IBD were analyzed using grading schemes for intestinal inflammation in cats and dogs, and a correlation with clinical signs was evaluated. After dividing the histologic samples into groups based on the severity of clinical signs, main histologic differences were identified. Age and sex were also assessed for correlation with clinical signs. No significant correlation was found between the 2 grading schemes and clinical signs (rho = 0.02, p = 0.89; rho = 0.26, p = 0.18, respectively). Degree of villus fusion, hemorrhage and/or fibrin, epithelial damage, inflammation density, and crypt abscess formation were used retrospectively to create a ferret IBD grading scheme, which was significantly correlated with the severity of clinical signs (rho = 0.48, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between age (p = 0.04) and females (p = 0.007) with severity of clinical signs. Our ferret grading scheme may have clinical utility in providing a more objective, consistent evaluation of IBD in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cazzini
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Megan K Watson
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Nicole Gottdenker
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Joerg Mayer
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Drury Reavill
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - James G Fox
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Nicola Parry
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Gottdenker, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Mayer), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Department of Animal Health and Conservation, Zoo New England, Boston, MA (Watson).,Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Carmichael, CA (Reavill).,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (Fox, Parry).,Current address: Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini)
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Allenspach KA, Mochel JP, Du Y, Priestnall SL, Moore F, Slayter M, Rodrigues A, Ackermann M, Krockenberger M, Mansell J, Luckschander N, Wang C, Suchodolski J, Berghoff N, Jergens AE. Correlating Gastrointestinal Histopathologic Changes to Clinical Disease Activity in Dogs With Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:435-443. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818813090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have failed to detect a convincing association between histologic lesions of inflammation and clinical activity in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that use of a simplified histopathologic scoring system would improve the consistency of interpretation among pathologists when describing histologic lesions of gastrointestinal inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation of histopathologic changes to clinical activity in dogs with IBD using this new system. Forty-two dogs with IBD and 19 healthy control dogs were enrolled in this retrospective study. Endoscopic biopsies from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon were independently scored by 8 pathologists. Clinical disease activity was scored using the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) or the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI), depending on the individual study center. Summative histopathological scores and clinical activity were calculated for each tissue (stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon) and each tissue histologic score (inflammatory/morphologic feature). The correlation between CCECAI/CIBDAI and summative histopathologic score was significant ( P < .05) for duodenum ( r = 0.42) and colon ( r = 0.33). In evaluating the relationship between histopathologic scores and clinical activity, significant ( P < .05) correlations were observed for crypt dilation ( r = 0.42), lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes ( r = 0.40), LP neutrophils ( r = 0.45), mucosal fibrosis ( r = 0.47), lacteal dilation ( r = 0.39), and villus stunting ( r = 0.43). Compared to earlier grading schemes, the simplified scoring system shows improved utility in correlating histopathologic features (both summative histology scores and select histologic scores) to IBD clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yingzhou Du
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Aline Rodrigues
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mark Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Joanne Mansell
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nora Berghoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Candido MV, Syrjä P, Kilpinen S, Spillmann T. Canine breeds associated with gastric carcinoma, metaplasia and dysplasia diagnosed by histopathology of endoscopic biopsy samples. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:37. [PMID: 29914568 PMCID: PMC6004666 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a rather rare pathological finding in dogs, with the exception of some breeds which seem predisposed. The etiopathogenesis is largely unknown in dogs, whereas in humans GC often develops from gastric mucosal metaplasia and dysplasia. This study investigates whether dogs of certain breeds are more often subject to gastroduodenoscopy (GDS), and diagnosed with GC, mucosal metaplasia or dysplasia. A retrospective clinical database search was performed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Helsinki, Finland. The following inclusion criteria were applied to estimate relative risk for metaplasia/dysplasia and GC: dogs from pure breeds with at least five individuals subject to GDS with histopathology of gastric biopsies. Results Between 2006 and 2016, from a total of 54945 canine patients presented, 423 dogs underwent GDS. Inclusion criteria were met in 180 dogs of 20 different pure breeds. Eight dogs had GCs (mean age = 9.8 ± 1.7 years): Belgian Tervuren (n = 4), Collie (n = 2), Golden Retriever (n = 1) and Jack Russel Terrier (n = 1). Fourteen dogs of eight breeds had gastric mucosal metaplasia or dysplasia. A log-binomial statistical model revealed that dogs in the following breeds had a significantly higher probability to undergo GDS than the others in the study population: Australian Terrier, Belgian Tervuren, Cairn Terrier, Collie and Siberian Husky. Belgian Tervuren was found at higher risk to be diagnosed with GC [RR = 19 (5.7–63.9; P < 0.0001)], as well as mucosal metaplasia/dysplasia [RR (7.6; 2.95–19.58; P < 0.0001)], as compared to the other breeds included. Shetland Sheepdog had an increased RR (5.83; 1.75–19.45; P = 0.0041) for metaplasia. Conclusions The results indicate a very low incidence of GC in dogs. The Belgian Tervuren, however, appears as predisposed. The histopathologic descriptions of mucosal changes such as metaplasia and dysplasia were also rare, but were more frequent in the Belgian Tervuren. Previous reports of these changes in dogs are very scarce, but they might be presumably related to GC in dogs, as they are in humans. Future research should investigate the possible role of metaplasia and dysplasia in the development of GC in dogs, especially those of predisposed breeds.
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Lowrie M, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS, Garden OA. A presumptive case of gluten sensitivity in a border terrier: a multisystem disorder? Vet Rec 2016; 179:573. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital; 5 Delven Lane Castle Donington Derby DE74 2LJ UK
| | - M. Hadjivassiliou
- Department of Neurology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield S10 2JF UK
| | - D. S. Sanders
- Department of Gastroenterology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield S10 2JF UK
| | - O. A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
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10
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Pérez-Merino EM, Usón-Casaús JM, Hermida-Prieto M, Mariñas-Pardo L. Correlation between canine IBD activity indices after stem cell therapy. Vet Rec 2016; 179:464. [PMID: 27574246 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Pérez-Merino
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - J M Usón-Casaús
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
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11
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Sullivant A, Mackin A, Pharr T, Cooley J, Wills R, Archer T. Identification of histamine receptors in the canine gastrointestinal tract. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:29-36. [PMID: 27863547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The important role of histamine in chronic gastrointestinal diseases has been increasingly recognized over the last two decades in human medicine. Histamine is released following mast cell activation and exerts its action through binding to four different histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, and H4). Histamine receptors are dispersed throughout the body, and each different receptor mediates a unique response. Documentation of the presence and type of histamine receptors in the differing sections of the canine gastrointestinal tract will provide additional research opportunities to further explore the role of histamine and its receptors in chronic canine enteropathies, as well as potential therapeutic options. Full thickness gastric, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colonic biopsies were obtained from 6 clinically normal adult dogs immediately after humane euthanasia. Commercially available histamine receptor antibodies predicted to react with canine tissues were applied to paraffin-embedded tissue sections using standard immunohistochemistry techniques to identify different histamine receptors. Staining intensity was graded from negative to strong, and the specificity of each antibody was evaluated with western blot. The presence and distribution of histamine receptors varied by anatomic site and histologic level within sections of the canine gastrointestinal tract. All 4 histamine receptors were readily identified, although the distribution of H4 receptors was decreased in comparison to the other histamine receptors. The distribution of the various histamine receptors was similar to that seen in the normal human gastrointestinal tract. H1 receptors were located in the stomach, lymphoid tissue of the ileum and colon, and the smooth muscle and ganglia of all sections. H2 receptors were located in all sections of the gastrointestinal tract, with greatest staining intensity in the gastric mucosa. H3 receptors were located in the stomach and colonic mucosa, smooth muscle and ganglia of all sections, and ileal and colonic lymphoid tissue. H4 receptors were located in the ganglia and smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the gastric and colonic mucosal and ileal lymphoid tissue. Western blot demonstrated both specific and non-specific staining with the H1 and H3 receptor antibody, but good specificity with the H4 receptor antibody. The H2 receptor antibody was not compatible with western blot techniques, despite excellent immunohistochemical specificity and consistency. Further studies to compare the density and distribution of the various histamine receptors in dogs with gastrointestinal disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Sullivant
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Andrew Mackin
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Todd Pharr
- Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Jim Cooley
- Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Robert Wills
- Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States
| | - Todd Archer
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center Drive, MS, MS 39762, United States.
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Safety and efficacy of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease: Endoscopic and histological outcomes. Vet J 2015; 206:391-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7PT, UK.
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14
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Mangelsdorf S, Teske E, v Bomhard W, Stockhaus C. Cytology of endoscopically obtained biopsies for the diagnosis of chronic intestinal diseases in cats. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2015; 43:15-20, 22. [PMID: 25599379 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-140241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of cytology of endoscopically obtained biopsies in cats presented for chronic gastrointestinal complaints with emphasis on the diagnosis of low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsies from 137 cats were evaluated retrospectively. Cytology was performed using the squash smear technique with subsequent Diff Quick® staining. Pathological findings were categorized according to type and grade of the inflammatory infiltrate. Moreover, reports were reviewed with regard to diagnosis of LGAL. Histopathology reports were analysed correspondingly and compared to cytology results. Histopathological samples were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) if a diagnosis of LGAL had been expressed. RESULTS Squash smear preparation of intestinal biopsies was adequate for cytological examination in >97% of cases. Using histopathology as gold standard, with cytology, a sensitivity and specificity for detection of a pathologic process in feline intestinal biopsies of 68.1% and 70.6% were calculated, respectively. Regarding the detection of lymphoplasmacytic (LPE) and eosinophilic enteritis a statistically significant correlation with histopathology (p<0.05) was observed. With regard to grade of the inflammatory infiltrate, a weak correlation was calculated (r=0.482). Of 21 cats diagnosed or suspected with LGAL by cytology, IHC confirmed nine cases whereas 11 cases were reclassified as LPE. None of the confirmed LGAL had been missed with histopathology. A sensitivity of 60.0% and specificity of 90.6% for cytological detection of feline LGAL was obtained. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sensitivity of cytology to diagnose LGAL is low and it has no additional significance to histological biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mangelsdorf
- Dr. Susanne Mangelsdorf, Small Animal Clinic Haar, Keferloher Straße 25, 85540 Haar, Germany,
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15
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Tucker S, Penninck DG, Keating JH, Webster CRL. Clinicopathological and ultrasonographic features of cats with eosinophilic enteritis. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:950-6. [PMID: 24591305 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14525385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) in cats is poorly characterized. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and ultrasonographic findings in cats with histologic evidence of eosinophilic inflammation on gastrointestinal biopsy. Twenty-five cats with tissue eosinophilia on surgical (10) or endoscopic (15) biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract, having an abdominal ultrasound performed within 48 h of biopsy acquisition, were enrolled. History, clinical presentation, clinical pathology and abdominal ultrasound findings were reviewed. Intestinal biopsies were evaluated by a single pathologist and separated into two groups based on the degree of eosinophilic infiltrate: mild (<10 eosinophils/high-power field [HPF], 11/25 cats), or moderate/marked (>10 eosinophils/HPF, 14/25 cats). The former were considered primary lymphoplasmacytic or lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease (LPE) with subtle eosinophilic infiltrates, and the latter to have EE. Signalment, history and clinical signs were similar in all cats. Only cats with EE (6/14) had palpably thickened intestines. The only distinguishing clinicopathological feature of cats with EE was the presence of peripheral eosinophilia (6/14). On ultrasound, when compared with cats with LPE, cats with EE had a greater mean jejunal wall thickness (3.34 mm ± 0.72 mm vs 4.07 mm ± 0.58 mm, respectively) and an increased incidence of thickening of the muscularis layer (1/11 and 11/14, respectively). In conclusion, ultrasonographic evidence of a prominent intestinal muscularis layer, palpably thickened intestines and peripheral eosinophilia can serve as biomarkers for the presence of EE in cats with chronic intestinal signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tucker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Dominique G Penninck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - John H Keating
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia R L Webster
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
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16
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Bcl-2/caspase 3 mucosal imbalance favors T cell resistance to apoptosis in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:167-74. [PMID: 24495616 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is believed to result from complex interplay between genetic, microbial, and immunologic factors. Abnormal cell death by apoptosis may result in the persistence of activated intestinal T cells that contribute to mucosal inflammation and clinical severity. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the mucosal expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in different intestinal compartments and their association with inflammatory indices in dogs with IBD. Apoptosis of lamina propria (LP) T cells in duodenal, ileal, and colonic tissues in control and IBD dogs was analyzed by caspase 3/Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays. Densities and distributions of LP caspase 3 and Bcl-2 cells were correlated to histopathologic lesions and the clinical activity index (CIBDAI). Compared to control tissues, IBD dogs had significantly (P<0.01) fewer caspase 3 cells in colonic mucosa. Double immunostaining identified the majority of apoptotic cells as TUNEL(+)/caspase 3(+). Within intestinal mucosa of IBD dogs, there were significantly greater numbers of Bcl-2 cells at the apical and basilar villus in the duodenum as compared to the colon and to the apical and basilar villus in the ileum (P<0.001 for all comparisons). There were significantly greater numbers of Bcl-2 cells at the apical and basilar villus of the duodenum but significantly fewer numbers of Bcl-2 cells at the apical villus of the ileum in IBD dogs compared with controls (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.02, respectively). There was a significant association between the number of Bcl-2 cells in the duodenum of IBD dogs and the CIBDAI (P<0.001 each for mild, moderate and severe clinical IBD). In conclusion, apoptosis of T lymphocytes varies within intestinal compartments of dogs with IBD. Mucosal imbalance of Bcl-2/caspase 3 expression favors T cell resistance to apoptosis which may contribute to T cell accumulation and chronic intestinal inflammation, similar to human IBD.
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17
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Grellet A, Heilmann RM, Lecoindre P, Feugier A, Day MJ, Peeters D, Freiche V, Hernandez J, Grandjean D, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Fecal calprotectin concentrations in adult dogs with chronic diarrhea. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:706-11. [PMID: 23627383 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate fecal calprotectin concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea, to identify cutoff values for fecal calprotectin concentrations for use in differentiating dogs with chronic diarrhea and a canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) < 12 from dogs with chronic diarrhea and a CCECAI ≥ 12, and to evaluate the association between histologic evidence of intestinal mucosal changes and fecal calprotectin concentrations in dogs with chronic diarrhea. SAMPLE Fecal samples from 96 adult dogs (27 dogs with chronic diarrhea and 69 healthy control dogs). PROCEDURES Severity of clinical signs was evaluated on the basis of the CCECAI scoring system. Endoscopy was performed in all dogs with chronic diarrhea, and mucosal biopsy specimens were evaluated histologically. Fecal calprotectin concentration was quantified via radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Fecal calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with chronic diarrhea than in healthy control dogs. Fecal calprotectin concentrations were also significantly higher in dogs with a CCECAI ≥ 12, compared with concentrations for dogs with a CCECAI between 4 and 11. Fecal calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with chronic diarrhea associated with histologic lesions, compared with concentrations in control dogs, and were significantly correlated with the severity of histologic intestinal lesions. Among dogs with chronic diarrhea, the best cutoff fecal calprotectin concentration for predicting a CCECAI ≥ 12 was 48.9 μg/g (sensitivity, 53.3%; specificity, 91.7%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fecal calprotectin may be a useful biomarker in dogs with chronic diarrhea, especially dogs with histologic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Grellet
- Royal Canin, 650 avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470 Aimargues, France.
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Abstract
Laboratory tests are an important part of the workup of small intestinal diseases in dogs and cats. Especially in chronic cases, when extragastrointestinal causes need to be ruled out, it is important to adhere to a systematic workup. This article details the newest available data on tests to aid this diagnostic process. Once the diagnosis of a chronic enteropathy is made, there are many laboratory tests that can help in monitoring the disease and providing prognostic information. Several new tests being evaluated for clinical usefulness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7PT, UK.
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Dandrieux JRS, Noble PJM, Scase TJ, Cripps PJ, German AJ. Comparison of a chlorambucil-prednisolone combination with an azathioprine-prednisolone combination for treatment of chronic enteropathy with concurrent protein-losing enteropathy in dogs: 27 cases (2007–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1705-14. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Walker D, Knuchel-Takano A, McCutchan A, Chang YM, Downes C, Miller S, Stevens K, Verheyen K, Phillips A, Miah S, Turmaine M, Hibbert A, Steiner J, Suchodolski J, Mohan K, Eastwood J, Allenspach K, Smith K, Garden O. A Comprehensive Pathological Survey of Duodenal Biopsies from Dogs with Diet-Responsive Chronic Enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:862-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Walker
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - A. Knuchel-Takano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - A. McCutchan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - Y-M. Chang
- Research Office; The Royal Veterinary College; London UK
| | - C. Downes
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - S. Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - K. Stevens
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - K. Verheyen
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - A.D. Phillips
- Institute of Child Health; University College London; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| | - S. Miah
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science; University College London; Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - M. Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences; Medical Sciences Building; University College London; London UK
| | - A. Hibbert
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Royal College Street; London UK
| | - J.M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX
| | - J.S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX
| | - K. Mohan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - J. Eastwood
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - K. Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - K. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases; The Royal Veterinary Col-lege; Hatfield UK
| | - O.A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
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Pietra M, Fracassi F, Diana A, Gazzotti T, Bettini G, Peli A, Morini M, Pagliuca G, Roncada P. Plasma concentrations and therapeutic effects of budesonide in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:78-83. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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