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Theyse LFH, Mazur EM. Osteoarthritis, adipokines and the translational research potential in small animal patients. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1193702. [PMID: 38831954 PMCID: PMC11144893 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1193702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoartritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting both humans and animals. In the early stages, OA is characterized by damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis and depletion of chondrocytes. OA progression is characterized by hyaline cartilage loss, chondrophyte and osteophyte formation, thickening of the joint capsule and function loss in the later stages. As the regenerative potential of cartilage is very limited and osteoarthritic changes are irreversible, prevention of OA, modulation of existing osteoarthritic joint inflammation, reducing joint pain and supporting joint function are the only options. Progression of OA and pain may necessitate surgical intervention with joint replacement or arthrodesis as end-stage procedures. In human medicine, the role of adipokines in the development and progression of OA has received increasing interest. At present, the known adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin. Adipokines have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in joint homeostasis by modulating anabolic and catabolic balance, autophagy, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In small animals, in terms of dogs and cats, naturally occurring OA has been clearly demonstrated as a clinical problem. Similar to humans, the etiology of OA is multifactorial and has not been fully elucidated. Humans, dogs and cats share many joint related degenerative diseases leading to OA. In this review, joint homeostasis, OA, adipokines and the most common joint diseases in small animals leading to naturally occurring OA and their relation with adipokines are discussed. The purpose of this review is highlighting the translational potential of OA and adipokines research in small animal patients.
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Prabakaran A, Jenkins PL. Kinetic and Radiographic Outcomes of Unilateral Double Pelvic Osteotomy in Six Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023. [PMID: 37019152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1766092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the kinetic and radiographic outcome of unilateral double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) using a temporospatial pressure walkway, preoperative and postoperative radiographs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series of six dogs that underwent unilateral DPO for canine hip dysplasia. The untreated limb was unfit for DPO due to radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis and was therefore managed non-surgically. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs and kinetic data were compared between untreated and DPO-treated hips using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS There was no significant difference in British Veterinary Association Hip Dysplasia Scheme (BVA-HD) scores between untreated and DPO-treated hips preoperatively (p-value = 0.09) and postoperatively (p-value = 0.06). The median postoperative GAIT4 Dog Lameness Score was lower in untreated hips than DPO-treated hips but was not statistically different (p-value = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS All dogs in this case series achieved a total pressure index and GAIT4 Dog Lameness Score on the DPO-treated hip comparable to normal limbs. All untreated hips in this series had increased BVA-HD scores at follow-up, whereas all DPO-treated hips had reduced BVA-HD scores. This difference was not significant and warrants further studies. We conclude total pressure index may be preserved in hips treated with unilateral DPO, while the contralateral hip is managed non-surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adheip Prabakaran
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul L Jenkins
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Kwananocha I, Magré J, Willemsen K, Weinans H, Sakkers RJB, How T, Verseijden F, Tryfonidou MA, van der Wal BCH, Meij BP. Acetabular rim extension using a personalized titanium implant for treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs: short-term results. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160177. [PMID: 37152693 PMCID: PMC10157081 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common orthopedic problem in young dogs. To decrease the laxity of the hip joint related to HD, the surgical treatments are recommended to increase femoral head coverage. ACEtabular rim eXtension (ACE-X) using a personalized 3-dimensional printed titanium shelf implant is a new surgical treatment to increase femoral head coverage and decrease laxity of the dysplastic hip joint, however, the efficacy is less know. Client-owned dogs older than 6 months with clinical signs of coxofemoral joint subluxation and radiographic evidence of HD with no or mild osteoarthritis (OA) were included. The Norberg angle (NA), linear percentage of femoral head overlap (LFO), and percentage of femoral head coverage (PC) were investigated radiographically and with computed tomography (CT) before and after surgery. OA was graded (scores 0-3) according to the maximum osteophyte size measured on CT. In addition, joint laxity (Ortolani) test results, gait analysis, and the Helsinki chronic pain index (HCPI) questionnaire were obtained at preoperative, immediately postoperative and at 1.5- and 3-month evaluations. Acetabular rim extension was performed in 61 hips of 34 dogs; NA, LFO, and PC were significantly higher immediately postoperatively and at the 1.5- and 3-month follow-up examinations compared with preoperative values (p < 0.05). Osteophyte size gradually increased over time (p < 0.05). The OA score significantly increased between preoperatively and directly postoperatively, and between preoperatively and at 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05). The laxity test normalized in 59 out of 61 hips after surgery, and the HCPI questionnaire showed that the pain score decreased significantly at 1.5 and 3 months, postoperatively. The force plate showed no significant improvement during the 3 months follow-up. Although pain reduction by the implant was unclear in short-term results, a personalized shelf implant significantly increased femoral head coverage and eliminated subluxation of the dysplastic hip joint. Further studies are required to study the long-term efficacy of gait, chronic pain, and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irin Kwananocha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Research and Academic Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joëll Magré
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Willemsen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ralph J. B. Sakkers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs How
- Diergeneeskundig Specialisten Centrum Den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Femke Verseijden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Björn P. Meij
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Evaluation of the Iatrogenic Sciatic Nerve Injury following Double Pelvic Osteotomy Performed with Piezoelectric Cutting Tool in Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060259. [PMID: 35737311 PMCID: PMC9228764 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) is a prophylactic surgical procedure associated with 0.4% incidence of sciatic nerve injury. The piezoelectric cutting tool is a surgical device able to involve only mineralized tissue avoiding neurovascular tissue and other soft tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the sciatic nerve injury observed in dogs underwent iliac osteotomy performed using the piezoelectric cutting tool. (2) Methods: Dogs underwent DPO performed with piezoelectric cutting tool were included. Neurological assessment was performed 6 and 24 h after surgery and then repeated 12 days, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Temporary and or permanent sciatic nerve injury were recorded. (3) Results: 84 DPOs performed in fifty dogs were included. No temporary/permanent neurological disease associated with iatrogenic damage of the sciatic nerve were observed. (4) Conclusions: The iliac osteotomy performed with piezoelectric cutting tool was not associated to iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury.
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Petazzoni M, Tamburro R. Clinical outcomes of double pelvic osteotomies in eight dogs with hip dysplasia aged 10-28 months. Vet Surg 2021; 51:320-329. [PMID: 34643966 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the short-term outcome of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) in dogs with canine hip dysplasia ≥10 months of age. STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION Eleven hips in eight dogs aged between 10 to 28 months. METHODS Dogs clinically affected by hip dysplasia with a hip reduction angle <40°, subluxation angle <25°, dorsal acetabular rim angle between 7.5-25°, and minimal osteoarthritic changes were considered as candidates for DPO. The clinical outcome was subjectively assessed using a lameness score and pain scale upon hip extension. Norberg angle, percentage of the area of the femoral head coverage, percentage of linear femoral head coverage, pelvic width dimensions were measured on pre and postoperative radiographs. RESULTS At the 8-week follow-up examination, all the dogs had no lameness with no pain upon hip extension. Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% (p < .01), median percentage of the area of the femoral head coverage increased by 66.7% (p < .01) and percentage of linear femoral head coverage increased by 162.5% (p < .01) 1 year after DPO. No changes to pelvic canal width after DPO were detected. CONCLUSION Double pelvic osteotomy improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs affected by hip dysplasia without osteoarthritis that were ≥10 months of age. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (OR IMPACT) Double pelvic osteotomy may be a treatment option for dogs with hip dysplasia ≥10 months of age. A large study assessing long-term outcomes is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo, Italy
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Janssens LAA, Daems R, Pillin L, Vandekerckhove P, Van Dongen S. Triple pelvic osteotomy with a 12.5° and a 20° Slocum-type plate: A short-term prospective clinical pilot study in 38 dogs. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1449-1457. [PMID: 32706139 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether using 12.5° Slocum-like triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) plates would create sufficient femoral head coverage and lower the occurrence of overrotation compared with using 20° TPO plates in dogs with hip dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Thirty-five dogs with hip dysplasia (38 hips). METHODS Nineteen hips were surgically treated with a custom-made Slocum-type 12.5° TPO plate, and these were matched to 19 hips surgically treated with a 20° commercial Slocum TPO plate. Hips were case matched according to size and breed. Ortolani sign, angles of subluxation and reduction, distraction index, and femoral head coverage (FHC) were compared between groups. Excessive coverage was defined as >80%. RESULTS In the 12.5° group, FHC was ≥50% in all hips, with mean FHC (67%), gain (37%), and excessive coverage (11%) all significantly less than in the 20° group (79%, 54%, and 42%, respectively). CONCLUSION The 12.5° plate produced sufficient FHC compared with the 20° plate, with fewer hips with excessive coverage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The 12.5° TPO plate may result in sufficient FHC with a lower occurrence of excessive coverage compared with 20° plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc A A Janssens
- Evidensia Specialist Clinic for Referral Surgery in Companion Animals, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Daems
- Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery Malpertuus, Heusden, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Pillin
- Referral Clinic for Companion Animals, Barendrecht, The Netherlands
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Jenkins PL, James DR, White JD, Black AP, Fearnside SM, Marchevsky AM, Miller AJ, Cashmore RG. Assessment of the medium- to long-term radiographically confirmed outcome for juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia treated with double pelvic osteotomy. Vet Surg 2020; 49:685-693. [PMID: 32170777 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the medium- to long-term radiographically confirmed outcomes in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia (HD) that did and did not undergo double pelvic osteotomy (DPO). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-controlled. ANIMALS Twenty-six dogs with HD that were candidates for DPO; 22 dogs underwent DPO (16 bilateral, six unilateral); four dogs did not. METHODS Initial and follow-up radiographs of DPO candidates (2011-2017) that did and did not undergo surgery were reviewed, and the British Veterinary Association and Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia Scheme score (BVA-HD), osteoarthritis score (OAS) and laxity index score (LI) were determined. Baseline and follow-up BVA-HD, OAS, and change in radiographically confirmed scores were compared by using analysis of variance for correlated samples. RESULTS There was no significant difference in BVA-HD or OAS between surgically treated and nonsurgically treated cohorts at baseline. Follow-up radiographs (median, 49 months) revealed that most (34/38) hips had a BVA-HD ≤10 after DPO, while four of eight hips from the nonsurgical cohort had BVA-HD >10. Follow-up BVA-HD and OAS were lower in hips after surgery (BVA-HD median 2.15, interquartile range [Q1-Q3] 1.3-4.1; OAS median 1.9, Q1-Q3 1.1-4.1) compared with the nonsurgically treated cohort (BVA-HD median 11.4, Q1-Q3 8.1-17.5, P < .01; OAS median 7.0, Q1-Q3 5.1-13.4, P < .01). Seven hips with an LI >1 had no radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis after DPO. CONCLUSION Double pelvic osteotomy prevented radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis in the medium- to long-term. Laxity index score > 1 was not a contraindication for DPO in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Double pelvic osteotomy prevents progression of radiographically confirmed features of osteoarthritis in juvenile dogs with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Jenkins
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel R James
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna D White
- Medicine Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony P Black
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Fearnside
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew M Marchevsky
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Miller
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricky G Cashmore
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kang K, Jang M, Choi KU, Kweon OK, Choi M, Yoon J. Antegrade and retrograde CT urethrography with virtual urethroscopy in a dog with urethral narrowing after bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 62:E48-E53. [PMID: 31392786 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-month-old, castrated male Golden Retriever was unable to urinate without catheterization after a single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy. To determine the cause, a retrograde urethrography was performed, but the results were equivocal. Antegrade (voiding by abdominal compression with heavy material) and retrograde CT urethrography were performed with virtual urethroscopy and revealed that the urethral diameter was narrowed near the pubic bone remnants due to pelvic canal narrowing. After corrective surgery, the patient was able to urinate normally. A combination of antegrade and retrograde CT urethrography with virtual urethroscopy was helpful for guiding surgical decision-making in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyong Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjung Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Uk Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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