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Carneiro RK, da Cruz IC, Lima B, Aires LPN, Pompeu B, Ferreira MP, Giglio RF, Uscategui RA, Minto BW, Gasser B, Feliciano MR. Comparison of the distraction index and Norberg angle with radiographic grading of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:107-113. [PMID: 38254308 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) radiographic grading system stands as a well-established benchmark for categorizing hip dysplasia in canines. Although more objective techniques to quantify early hip laxity in young dogs, such as the Norberg angle (NA) and distraction index (DI), have been documented, there is a scarcity of published studies that directly compare these radiographic measures. The primary objectives of this prospective, analytical study were to assess and compare the NA and DI measures with OFA grades within a cohort of dogs. Thirty dogs (57 hip joints) were evaluated, with a mean age of 5.4 ± 2.9 years and a mean body weight of 34.3 ± 7.1 kg. The discriminative power of hip dysplasia for DI and NA used OFA as a reference were compared by multivariate discriminant analysis test. Using the DI (≤0.3) 12 joints were classified as normal, using NA (≥105°) 24 joints and using OFA (≤3) 29. When comparing the discriminant power of NA with OFA resulting similar (P = .8324) with correct classifications of 81% using cross validation, however, the discriminant power of dysplasia of the DI resulted significantly greater (P = .0034) than OFA with correct classifications of only 59% using cross-validation, consequently it was possible determined that of 29 patients with OFA ≤ 3, 20 had DI > 0.3. These findings demonstrated that phenotypic healthy dogs according to OFA grading can present passive hip joint laxity, as demonstrated by radiographic evaluation with distraction. Furthermore, DI can contribute to the screening of CHD when evaluated in conjunction with OFA grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Carneiro
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Igor C da Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, ES, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lima
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz P N Aires
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Pompeu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio P Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robson F Giglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UGA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ricardo A Uscategui
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, Colombia
| | - Bruno W Minto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gasser
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Unaí, UFVJM, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus R Feliciano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jardim Elite, USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pye C, Clark N, Bruniges N, Peffers M, Comerford E. Current evidence for non-pharmaceutical, non-surgical treatments of canine osteoarthritis. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:3-23. [PMID: 37776028 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative disease process that affects a significant proportion of the canine population, impacting these animals' quality of life. Currently, there is no cure and treatment consists of managing the clinical signs of pain and reduced mobility. There are many treatments for canine osteoarthritis and in this review we discuss the evidence base behind non-pharmaceutical, non-surgical treatments of this disease. These treatments include weight management, nutraceuticals, acupuncture, physiotherapies such as therapeutic exercise, hydrotherapy as well as other therapeutic modalities including photobiomodulation therapy, electromagnetic field therapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pye
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX
| | - N Clark
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX
| | - N Bruniges
- University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE
| | - M Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX
| | - E Comerford
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX
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Ramos MT, Hartzell AM, Otto CM. Retrospective evaluation and review of approaches for nonspecific lameness in dogs presented to an emergency service (2013-2014): 134 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:81-88. [PMID: 37987119 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to characterize and evaluate the emergency approach, diagnosis, management, treatment, and follow-up of nonspecific canine lameness cases. DESIGN Retrospective case series from September 25, 2013 to September 25, 2014. SETTING The study was conducted at an urban university teaching hospital. ANIMALS A consecutive sample of dogs presenting to the emergency service with nonspecific lameness in the designated timeframe was used to identify 134 cases. Owners were contacted to participate in the follow-up survey; dogs that died prior to data collection were excluded from the survey. Medical records were reviewed for lameness localization, etiology of lameness, diagnostics obtained, medications prescribed, and owner recommendations. INTERVENTIONS Based on review of the medical records, the lameness localization, presumptive source of lameness (joint, soft tissue, neurological, or bone), diagnostics obtained, medications prescribed, and owner recommendations were recorded. Survey data included duration of lameness, perceived response to treatment, and activity level. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Definitive diagnoses were not assigned in 88.8% of lameness cases. A presumptive diagnosis of soft tissue injury was assigned in 45.3% of cases. Single limb lameness was more prevalent than multiple limb lameness. Owners whose dogs were treated with medication were significantly more likely to report that the lameness resolved (P = 0.049). Dogs with injury localized to ≥1 of the joints were significantly less likely to have resolution of lameness (P = 0.037). Treatment recommendations were predominantly pain control and activity restriction. CONCLUSIONS Nonspecific lameness represents approximately 4% of canine urban emergency cases. Highlighting the points of clinical care considerations in understanding the etiology of lameness in dogs represents an opportunity for improved patient care and growth in emergency referral and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Ramos
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra M Hartzell
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gomes MVF, Rahal SC, dos Santos IFC, Dadalto CR, Mamprim MJ, Negrão RR, Hormaza JM, Tsunemi MH, Gómez Álvarez CB. Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Hind Limb Muscles, Gait and Pain in Lame Dogs with Borderline-to-Severe Hip Dysplasia-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3456. [PMID: 38003074 PMCID: PMC10668759 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) on hind limb muscles, gait and pain in lame dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia. Ten lame client-owned dogs with borderline-to-severe hip dysplasia, aged from 1.5 to 9.0 years and weighing 14.5 to 53.0 kg, were enrolled. The WBV training program consisted of 15 min sessions three times weekly for 16 weeks. Muscles of the hind limbs were evaluated using measurements of thigh circumference, the cross-sectional thickness of selected hind limb muscles by ultrasound assessment, and vastus lateralis muscle activity determined by surface electromyography (EMG). Lameness and clinical signs of pain were assessed by visual lameness scoring, orthopedic examination and an owner-based questionnaire. Kinetic analysis was performed by using a pressure-sensitive walkway. Manual thigh circumference measurements of both hind limbs showed significant increases over the trial period with a greater degree of change observed after week 8. Ultrasound measurements of the left gluteal muscles and the quadriceps femoris muscles of both hind limbs showed significant increases in the cross-section thickness post WBV. Owner's perception of pain also showed a decrease in signs of pain at week 12 and week 16 compared to baseline. Based on graphs of the EMG activity patterns of the vastus lateralis muscle, 65% of the hind limbs had an improvement after 48 WBV sessions when compared to pre-session patterns. However, no significant differences were observed in visual lameness evaluation and kinetic analysis. Therefore, further studies will help to better clarify the role of WBV in canine rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Viana Freire Gomes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (M.V.F.G.); (I.F.C.d.S.); (C.R.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Sheila Canevese Rahal
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (M.V.F.G.); (I.F.C.d.S.); (C.R.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ivan Felismino Charas dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (M.V.F.G.); (I.F.C.d.S.); (C.R.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Carmel Rezende Dadalto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (M.V.F.G.); (I.F.C.d.S.); (C.R.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (M.V.F.G.); (I.F.C.d.S.); (C.R.D.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Roberta Rocha Negrão
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (R.R.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Joel Mesa Hormaza
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (R.R.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Miriam Harumi Tsunemi
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Constanza B. Gómez Álvarez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
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Ramos MT, Farr BD, Otto CM. Rehabilitation to Return-to-Work for Working Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:869-878. [PMID: 36964026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
This article highlights the differences between working dog careers, unique protocols associated with health care of a working dog and provides a practical guide to creating and managing a return-to-work program. The rehabilitative approach to a working dog consists of four distinct sequential phases: activity restriction, rehabilitation, return-to-work, and maintenance. The timeline through each phase is dependent on the degree of injury, treatment intervention, prior health status of the dog, and compliance of the handler. Return-to-work for a working dog is considered a success if the dog can perform all career-related activities safely and proficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Ramos
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
| | - Brian D Farr
- Department of Defense Military Working Dog Veterinary Service, Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
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Hodgson H, Blake S, de Godoy RF. A study using a canine hydrotherapy treadmill at five different conditions to kinematically assess range of motion of the thoracolumbar spine in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:119-125. [PMID: 36580393 PMCID: PMC9856978 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incline treadmill and underwater treadmill (UWTM) exercises are common canine rehabilitation modalities , which are often used in isolation in dogs recovering from spinal surgery. Early use of an incline during UWTM exercise may have the potential to improve rehabilitation outcomes in dogs, but, it is hypothesised that dorsoventral movement of the spine may be excessive meaning it is unsuitable in some circumstances. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify changes in canine spinal kinematics in dogs when using a dry treadmill at different angles of incline compared to an underwater treadmill using the same inclines. METHODS Eight dogs were encouraged to walk on a dry, horizontal, underwater treadmill as well as under the same conditions with both a 10% and 20% incline. This was then repeated at a 10% and 20% incline with the addition of water to hock level. Data were collected using reflective anatomical markers placed at the occipital protuberance, T1, T13, L3, L7 and sacral apex, captured by a high-speed camera facing the lateral aspect of the treadmill. Dorsoventral motion of the spine as well as flexion, extension and range of motion (ROM) of T1, T13, L3 and L7 were recorded. RESULTS We found significant differences in dorsoventral spinal ROM at T1, L3 and L7, but no significant differences in T13 ROM. No significant differences were found in flexion and extension of any of the joints assessed when comparing dry conditions to the use of water (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The lack of significant differences in joint flexion and extension at T1, T13, L3 and L7 indicates the potential safe use of combining underwater treadmill and incline exercise in canine rehabilitation. However, a lack of uniformity in results makes distinguishing any patterns of significance difficult. More research is needed to establish the effects of these exercises in additional planes of motion before a treatment protocol can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hodgson
- School of Equine and Veterinary PhysiotherapyWrittle University CollegeChelmsfordUK
| | - Scott Blake
- School of Equine and Veterinary PhysiotherapyWrittle University CollegeChelmsfordUK
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Stabile M, Lacitignola L, Samarelli R, Fiorentino M, Crovace A, Staffieri F. Evaluation of clinical efficacy of undenatured type II collagen supplementation compared to cimicoxib and their association in dogs affected by natural occurring osteoarthritis. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:27-35. [PMID: 35853328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 30 days treatment of undenatured type II collagen(UC-II®), compared to cimicoxib and to their combination, in osteoarthritic dogs. Client-owned dogs were enrolled in a clinical, randomized, controlled and prospective study. Posture, lameness, pain, range of motion and x-ray of affected joint(s) were evaluated and scored based on severity (CLINICAL score). The Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs survey was used to score the owner evaluation of dog's mobility (LOAD score and MOBILITY score). Osteoarthritis (OA) stage was defined through the Canine Osteoarthritis Staging tool (COAST). After diagnosis (T0), all patients were randomly assigned to different treatment groups: C group = cimicoxib 2 mg/kg/day orally OS, F group = UC-II® 1 tablet per day OS; C + F group = cimicoxib-UC-II® at the same previous dosages; CTR group = dogs who didn't received any treatment. All treatments were administered for 30 days. Seventy-six dogs completed the study. LOAD score was recorded significant lower after treatment for each group, with a reduction in percentage of 29.5% for C, 31.4% for F, 21.1% for C + F. LOAD score was lower in C(P = 0.04), F(P = 0.001) and C + F(P = 0.009) group at T30 than CTR group. MOBILITY and CLINICAL scores were significantly lower in all groups at T30, when compared to T0. MOBILITY score was lower than CTR in C(P = 0.02) and F(P = 0.01); CLINICAL score was lower in C + F(P = 0.016). The present findings prove that the treatment with UC-II®, cimicoxib and their combination provide significant reduction in clinical signs associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Stabile
- Dipartimento Dell'Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi, Sez. Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A., Università Degli Studi di Bari, Strada Provinciale Per Casamassima Km.3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Dipartimento Dell'Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi, Sez. Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A., Università Degli Studi di Bari, Strada Provinciale Per Casamassima Km.3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Rossella Samarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sez. Patologia Aviare, Università Degli Studi di Bari, Strada Provinciale Per Casamassima Km.3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti di Organi, Sez. di Nefrologia, Università degli Studi di Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Dipartimento Dell'Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi, Sez. Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A., Università Degli Studi di Bari, Strada Provinciale Per Casamassima Km.3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Dipartimento Dell'Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi, Sez. Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A., Università Degli Studi di Bari, Strada Provinciale Per Casamassima Km.3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
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Dybczyńska M, Goleman M, Garbiec A, Karpiński M. Selected Techniques for Physiotherapy in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141760. [PMID: 35883307 PMCID: PMC9312226 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animal physiotherapy is widely addressed in many scientific reports. Although the effectiveness of physiotherapy has been repeatedly proven in both human and animal models, a small percentage of animal keepers decide to implement physiotherapy as part of treatment programs for their pets. After horses, dogs are the second group of animals that are most frequently subjected to physiotherapy treatments. The present study compiles the current knowledge of canine physiotherapy methods. An attempt was made to systematize this knowledge through selection and description of the most important aspects of canine physiotherapy. Most of the physiotherapeutic methods have been transferred from human treatment protocols. A key issue in the achievement of therapy success is the proper selection of physiotherapeutic procedures and close cooperation between the veterinarian and the physiotherapist. Abstract Physiotherapy is a new dynamically developing field of science in which the original idea was to improve the care for convalescent patients. Its positive effects observed in humans suggested the need for the adaptation and implementation of human physiotherapy techniques in animal care. Dogs are the second group of animals that undergo physiotherapy most frequently. These animals are diagnosed with a number of locomotor system problems, which may be congenital and are often related to the breed or acquired. The aim of the study was to collect and systematize knowledge of animal physiotherapy with emphasis on the selection and description of the most important aspects of canine physiotherapy. The review material consisted of 59 publications, with 230 selected for the review. Physiotherapeutic treatments are applied not only for rehabilitation of animals but also in healthy animals to upgrade their sports performance and improve their welfare. A majority of physiotherapeutic approaches have been transferred from human protocols. A key issue in the achievement of therapy success is the proper selection of physiotherapeutic procedures and close cooperation between the veterinarian and the physiotherapist.
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Engstig M, Vesterinen S, Morelius M, Junnila J, Hyytiäinen HK. Effect of Femoral Head and Neck Osteotomy on Canines’ Functional Pelvic Position and Locomotion. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131631. [PMID: 35804530 PMCID: PMC9265122 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term effect of femoral head and neck osteotomy (FHO) on the locomotory system of dogs was evaluated. The study comprised an owner questionnaire and an orthopaedic examination, anatomical measurements, and pressure-sensitive walkway analysis for dogs. Linear mixed effect models were used for statistical analysis. Ten dogs with a median of 2.5 years since their unilateral FHO were included. According to the questionnaire results, nine dogs had returned to a normal physical activity level. Muscle atrophy (p = 0.005), less extension in the coxofemoral joint (p = 0.003), and less static weight bearing on the FHO limb (p = 0.003) were observed. No consistent pattern regarding tilt or position of the pelvis was noted when measuring height of the tuber ischii (p = 0.39). Five of the dogs tilted away from, and five towards the FHO side when measured from the tuber sacrale with a Myrin goniometer. No differences regarding stance time, swing time, or peak pressure between the FHO and non-FHO limb were seen in trot (p = 0.70, p = 0.26, and p = 0.91, respectively). Over the long term, the FHO limb has muscle atrophy, decreased coxofemoral extension, and decreased static weight bearing. However, this does not seem to affect the trot of the dogs. Dog owners considered the outcome of surgery to be good or excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Engstig
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, Wirral, UK;
| | - Senni Vesterinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Viikintie 49, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Mikael Morelius
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Viikintie 49, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Heli K. Hyytiäinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Viikintie 49, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-310-2692
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Martins D, Rahal S, Silva Júnior J, Michelon F, Tomacheuski R, Correia L, Woods L, Mamprim M, Lourenço M, Santos I. Effects of reticulated hyaluronic acid alone or associated with whole-body vibration in dogs with osteoarthritis due to hip dysplasia. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 49:100653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O’Rourke S, Wills A. A comparison of stride parameters and carpal and tarsal joint angles during terrestrial and swimming locomotion in domestic dogs. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, canine hydrotherapy has become increasingly popular to treat a range of conditions despite a lack of empirical evidence. It is currently unclear whether joint angles and limb movements performed by dogs during swimming are quantifiably beneficial for healthy animals. This study investigated the swimming kinematics of healthy dogs to establish baseline data for this activity and compare limb kinematics to that of overground locomotion. Kinematic data were recorded from eight healthy dolichocephalic dogs (mean age: 3.4±2.2) of a variety of breeds. Overground data were collected prior to swimming and consisted of dogs trotting on a flat surface. Swimming data were collected using an underwater camera during a standard hydrotherapy session conducted by a trained canine hydrotherapist. Range of motion, primarily due to an increase in flexion, was significantly greater (P<0.005) during swimming than trotting. Stride length (P<0.001) and frequency (P<0.005) were both significantly reduced in swimming compared to trot. Swimming kinematics recorded in this study are consistent with previously published data on canine aquatic locomotion but differ from those previously reported for water treadmill exercise. This study provides an insight into aquatic locomotion in healthy dogs indicating that range of motion exceeds that of terrestrial gaits. It is unclear whether these changes are beneficial for healthy animals and therefore further research is required to develop evidence-based protocols for industry practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. O’Rourke
- Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
| | - A.P. Wills
- Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Canine sports medicine and rehabilitation recently have evolved to embody the optimization of performance, injury prevention, and mitigation of musculoskeletal degeneration. This article discusses the diverse factors and considerations of working dog wellness and injury prevention and the importance of recognizing normal and abnormal posture and anatomic structure for performance evaluation and early indication of musculoskeletal injury. The importance of a canine physical fitness program is highlighted and the need for a 4-phase recovery plan to determine if a working dog can safely return to work after injury discussed.
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13
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Application of Nanosystems Synergized by Optics and Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Sports Rehabilitation Diseases. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7124512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of sports in my country, many athletes will have mild or severe diseases. Physical rehabilitation can improve their physical pain, and some more serious diseases require optical and chemotherapy treatments. This article mainly studies the application of nanosystems that cooperate with optical and chemotherapy in the treatment of sports rehabilitation diseases. In the experiment, the bacteria-infected mice in the wound were divided into 5 groups (n = 4), and the mouse wound model was made. After that, the number of bacteria remaining in the wound was determined by the plate count method. At the same time, a cytotoxicity test was performed, and a control experiment was performed on the cell culture of the polymer at a concentration below the VCR and CMC values. The final sections were used for tissue analysis of serine and epoxy staining. It was found from the experimental data that the cumulative release of free CLB molecules within 3 hours almost reached 100%, and its rapid release was attributed to its small molecular size. In contrast, the release of CLB-HDH micelles in 3 h is 62%, which has a certain relaxation effect. The results showed that CLB-HDH micelles significantly inhibited tumor growth, had good safety in vivo, and had low systemic toxicity. CLB-HDH micelles provide new ideas for efficient CLB tumor treatment.
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14
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Farr BD, Ramos MT, Otto CM. The Penn Vet Working Dog Center Fit to Work Program: A Formalized Method for Assessing and Developing Foundational Canine Physical Fitness. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:470. [PMID: 32903560 PMCID: PMC7438591 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fit to Work is a formalized working dog foundational physical fitness assessment and development program. The Penn Vet Working Dog Center developed this program to address the needs of working dog handlers, trainers, and programs for simple, effective, and efficient methods to develop and assess working dog physical fitness. Fit to Work focuses on the foundational fitness modalities of strength, stability, mobility, and proprioception. The Penn Vet Working Dog Center piloted and refined this program over 3 months in a closed population of 31 working dogs in training. Fit to Work consists of posture development and maintenance, warm-up and cool-down routines, training exercises, and assessment methods. To simplify implementation for dogs and personnel, the foundational training program incorporates a discrete number of exercises, standardized progression steps, defined criteria for progression, and a reduced emphasis on learned behaviors. Fit to Work also enables safe and progressive assessment of foundational fitness through a tiered and inexpensive process. Future research will focus on validation of training and assessment methods, development of assessment standards, and correlation of physical fitness with operational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Farr
- Army Medical Department Student Detachment, 187th Medical Battalion, Medical Professional Training Brigade, Joint Base San Antonio - Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Meghan T. Ramos
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Miró F, Galisteo AM, Garrido-Castro JL, Vivo J. Surface Electromyography of the Longissimus and Gluteus Medius Muscles in Greyhounds Walking and Trotting on Ground Flat, Up, and Downhill. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060968. [PMID: 32503131 PMCID: PMC7341192 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the field of canine physical rehabilitation and sports medicine, knowledge of muscle function in the therapeutic exercises prescribed is needed by physical therapists and veterinary surgeons. The longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius muscles are of great interest due to their role in locomotion related to frequent canine diseases. The muscle activity of these two muscles was studied in five Greyhound dogs performing slow, controlled leash walking and trotting on ground exercises uphill and downhill, commonly prescribed as therapeutic exercises. Results showed that for the same incline, the muscle activity of longissimus muscle was higher at the trot than at the walk. It was also shown that incline and decline affected the muscle activity of the longissimus and gluteus medius muscles of dogs walking or trotting on the ground. Walking and trotting up and downhill added separate therapeutic value to flat motion. The results of the present study might contribute to a better understanding of the function of longissimus and gluteus medius muscles in dogs, this being especially useful for the field of canine rehabilitation. Abstract In the field of canine rehabilitation, knowledge of muscle function in the therapeutic exercises prescribed is needed by physical therapists and veterinary surgeons. To gain insight into the function of longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles in dogs, five Greyhounds performing leash walking and trotting on the ground flat, up (+7%), and downhill (−7%) were studied by surface electromyography, and the mean and maximum activity was compared. For the same incline, the surface electromyography (sEMG) of LD was higher (p < 0.05) at the trot than at the walk. In LD muscle, trotting uphill showed significantly higher maximum activity than any other exercise. A change of +7% incline or −7% decline affected (increased or decreased, respectively) the mean sEMG of the LD and GM muscles of dogs walking or trotting on the ground. When combined, the influence of gait and incline on electromyographic activity was analyzed, and walking at certain inclines showed no difference with trotting at certain inclines. Walking and trotting up and downhill added separate therapeutic value to flat motion. The results of the present study might contribute to a better understanding of the function of LD and GM muscles in dogs, this being especially useful for the field of canine rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miró
- Department Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.V.)
- Animal Physical Therapy Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Ctra. de Madrid Km.396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957218143
| | - Alfonso M. Galisteo
- Department Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.V.)
| | | | - Joaquín Vivo
- Department Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.G.); (J.V.)
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16
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Lewis R, Gómez Álvarez CB, Rayman M, Lanham-New S, Woolf A, Mobasheri A. Strategies for optimising musculoskeletal health in the 21 st century. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:164. [PMID: 30971232 PMCID: PMC6458786 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in a world with an ever-increasing ageing population. Studying healthy ageing and reducing the socioeconomic impact of age-related diseases is a key research priority for the industrialised and developing countries, along with a better mechanistic understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of ageing that occurs in a number of age-related musculoskeletal disorders. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders constitute a major cause of disability and morbidity globally and result in enormous costs for our health and social-care systems.By gaining a better understanding of healthy musculoskeletal ageing and the risk factors associated with premature ageing and senescence, we can provide better care and develop new and better-targeted therapies for common musculoskeletal disorders. This review is the outcome of a two-day multidisciplinary, international workshop sponsored by the Institute of Advanced Studies entitled "Musculoskeletal Health in the 21st Century" and held at the University of Surrey from 30th June-1st July 2015.The aim of this narrative review is to summarise current knowledge of musculoskeletal health, ageing and disease and highlight strategies for prevention and reducing the impact of common musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lewis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Constanza B Gómez Álvarez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Margaret Rayman
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anthony Woolf
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,The D-BOARD FP7 Consortium, . .,The APPROACH IMI Consortium, .
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