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Forbes S, Bettenay S, Meertens NM, Wildermuth BE, Wildermuth K, Mueller RS. Diascopy and histopathological evaluation of nonblanching erythematous dermatoses in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:255-262. [PMID: 38111018 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diascopy is a point-of-care diagnostic test used to differentiate skin erythema due to vascular dilation from haemorrhage. In the veterinary literature, only a handful of diseases have been described to be associated with a negative (nonblanching) diascopy result, and histological investigation of haemorrhage has been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES Retrospective study to undertake a histopathological investigation of canine, nonblanching erythematous dermatoses for the presence or absence of haemorrhage and vascular changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin biopsies from dogs presented with moderate-to-severe nonblanching erythema were evaluated histologically. Additionally, clinical data about each patient were analysed. RESULTS Twenty cases were identified with nonblanching erythema. Diagnoses included vasculopathy (n = 6), canine eosinophilic dermatitis (n = 3), cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (n = 2), and one case each of sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma syndrome, German shepherd dog pyoderma, multiple mast cell tumours, haemangiosarcoma, exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus, canine leishmaniosis with sebaceous adenitis, sebaceous adenitis with concurrent dermatophytosis, calcinosis cutis and canine atopic dermatitis with insect-bite reaction. One or more vascular changes were present in all 20 cases and included perivascular oedema, endothelial swelling and neutrophilic infiltration of vessel walls. Haemorrhage was identified in 17 of 20 cases (85%). Three cases without dermal haemorrhage were calcinosis cutis, sebaceous adenitis with dermatophytosis and canine atopic dermatitis with insect-bite reaction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Negative diascopy was associated with haemorrhage and vascular pathological findings in the majority of cases, yet not all. Haemorrhage was identified histologically in all diseases previously reported as nonblanching as well as in a few additional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonya Bettenay
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Bradley CW, Mauldin EA, Morris DO. A review of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in dogs: A diagnostician's guide to allergy. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:783-795. [PMID: 37515434 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergic dermatoses are common in people and domestic animals. Resultant lesions are routinely biopsied and submitted for histological examination to confirm a diagnosis or rule out diseases with overlapping or atypical clinical features. Diagnostic pathologists and clinicians are often faced with the difficult task of determining whether an allergic reaction pattern is present on both the microscopic and macroscopic levels and correlating histopathologic findings with clinical and historical data to achieve a precise clinical diagnosis. The bulk of the current veterinary literature on allergic dermatoses focuses on atopic dermatitis in dogs, distantly followed by cats, horses, and other animals. The objectives of this review are to demonstrate the key histopathologic and clinical diagnostic features of the various allergy-mediated reaction patterns, and to provide diagnosticians with a practical guide for clinicopathological correlations. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, with a focus on atopic dermatitis, are discussed. Points of potential histopathologic overlap between the "classic" allergic reaction pattern and less common inflammatory, predominately eosinophilic, conditions that may mimic this pattern will be discussed with the goal of highlighting the critical need for collaboration between pathologists and clinicians in furthering patient care.
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De Bellis F, Di Mattia D. Approach to emergency dermatology cases in dogs and cats. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Adamik KN, Stoffel MH, Tangermann S, de Breuyn Dietler B, Stokar-Regenscheit N. Assessment of Hydroxyethyl Starch (6% HES 130/0.4) Kidney Storage in Critically Ill Dogs: A Post-mortem Prospective Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802507. [PMID: 35071392 PMCID: PMC8770911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intravenous hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are potentially nephrotoxic due to rapid renal tissue uptake, subsequent osmotic nephrosis, and long-lasting intracellular storage. This study aimed to investigate the severity of intracellular storage of HES in renal tissue samples from critically ill dogs receiving 6% HES 130/0.4. Materials and Methods: Fresh, post-mortem (<2 h after death) renal tissue samples were analyzed through histology, immunohistochemistry (HES 130/0.4-specific antibodies), and electron microscopy for the severity of renal tubular vacuolization (VAC), intravacuolar HES accumulation (ACC), and ultra-structure impairment. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between VAC or ACC grade and HES dose (mL/kg), duration of HES administration (h), and pre-HES plasma creatinine concentrations. Results: Histology revealed that 2/20 dogs (10%) had no, 11/20 dogs (55%) had mild, 5/20 dogs (25%) had moderate, and 2/20 dogs (10%) had severe VAC. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 5/20 dogs (25%) had no, 6/20 dogs (30%) had mild, 7/20 dogs (35%) had moderate, and 2/20 dogs (10%) had severe ACC. Both changes were predominantly found in the distal tubular epithelium of mild and moderate cases, and all tubular segments were affected in severe cases. Seven of 20 dogs (35%) had osmotic nephrosis (ON). On electron microscopy, large granules with an electron-dense content were repeatedly detected in individual cells, mainly in the distal tubules. No correlation was found between cumulative HES dose or duration of HES administration and VAC grade, ACC grade, or presence/absence of ON. Conclusion: A high percentage of dogs had renal tubular HES storage and one-third of dogs showed HES-induced ON. Short-term HES administration caused VAC and ACC, regardless of the dose or duration of administration. In contrast to previous studies, HES 130/0.4 deposits were mainly located in the renal distal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Tangermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Animal Pathology of the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina de Breuyn Dietler
- Division of Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Stokar-Regenscheit
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Alves P, Foale R, Cerundolo R, Valls Sànchez F. Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells‐like syndrome) associated with T‐cell multicentric lymphoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Emery CB, Affolter VK, Outerbridge CA, Lam ATH, White SD. A case of atypical multifocal nodular eosinophilic dermatosis in a Labrador retriever dog. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:321-e82. [PMID: 32307791 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dog with gastrointestinal signs and a history of administration of multiple drugs developed acute multifocal to coalescing ulcerative nodules and a large plaque. OBJECTIVE To describe abnormal nodular clinical lesions with an unexpected superficial and deep severe eosinophilic perivascular to interstitial inflammation. ANIMAL A 7-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever METHODS AND MATERIALS: Blood tests, faecal and urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs were performed; skin biopsy samples were taken for cytological, culture and histopathological analyses. RESULTS The blood tests, faecal, urinalysis and radiographs were within normal limits. Cytological results revealed inflammatory cells and cultures had no growth. Histopathological evaluation revealed dermal and subcutaneous oedema, mucin deposition and perivascular to interstitial inflammation predominated by eosinophils with occasional very small intralesional dense aggregates of eosinophils centred on collagen bundles, eosinophilic exocytosis and small eosinophilic pustules. Focal subepidermal fibrin exudation and haemorrhage resulted in epidermal detachment and ulceration. Clinical resolution of the dermatological and gastrointestinal signs was seen with the withdrawal of prior medications and administration of a tapering course of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is a novel nodular clinical and eosinophilic histopathological pattern combination. This case offers evidence of a spectrum of sterile eosinophilic dermatoses rather than multiple different disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn B Emery
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrea T H Lam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Bradley CW, Cain CL, Wong TS, Ferracone JD, Goldschmidt KH, Mauldin EA. Discriminatory features of acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells-like syndrome) and sterile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's-like syndrome) in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:517-e157. [PMID: 31486560 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (CAEDE) and sterile neutrophilic dermatosis have overlapping clinical and histopathological features. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify features that differentiate these entities. ANIMALS Forty dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Retrospective case series. Forty cases with diagnoses of either CAEDE and/or sterile neutrophilic dermatosis were included based on histopathological review. Medical records (29 of 40 dogs) were reviewed for clinical findings and historical data. Commercially available immunohistochemical stains for granulocytes and a Luna stain were performed (40 of 40 dogs) to assess the granulocytic infiltrate. RESULTS Nineteen cases had been previously diagnosed as CAEDE, seven cases had been designated as sterile neutrophilic dermatosis and 14 cases had overlapping features. Based on review and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, 30 cases with >12% eosinophils, enumerated by Luna staining, were diagnosed as eosinophilic dermatitis and oedema. Ten cases were diagnosed as sterile neutrophilic dermatosis. Dogs with CAEDE frequently had gastrointestinal signs (24 of 30;80%) and pruritus (11 of 30;33%). In dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatosis, five of 10 (50%) had diagnoses of or histories compatible with immune-mediated polyarthropathy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In this case series, CAEDE was encountered more frequently than neutrophilic dermatosis and could be distinguished by the eosinophilic infiltrate, aided by a Luna stain. Concurrent arthralgia was more frequently identified with neutrophilic dermatosis. It remains unclear whether CAEDE and sterile neutrophilic dermatosis are separate disease entities or varied manifestations of the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Talia S Wong
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacquelyn D Ferracone
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyle H Goldschmidt
- Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management, University of St. Thomas, 1000 Lasalle Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55403, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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