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Liu B, Li A, Xu J, Cui Y. Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis Deciphers the Inflammatory Response of Skin-Resident Stromal Cells. Front Surg 2022; 9:935107. [PMID: 35774389 PMCID: PMC9237500 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.935107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost barrier of the body. It has developed a sophisticated system against the ever-changing environment. The application of single-cell technologies has revolutionized dermatology research and unraveled the changes and interactions across skin resident cells in the healthy and inflamed skin. Single-cell technologies have revealed the critical roles of stromal cells in an inflammatory response and explained a series of plausible previous findings concerning skin immunity. Here, we summarized the functional diversity of skin stromal cells defined by single-cell analyses and how these cells orchestrated events leading to inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui
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2
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Santillán-López E, Muñoz-Valle JF, Oregon-Romero E, Espinoza-García N, Treviño-Talavera BA, Salazar-Camarena DC, Marín-Rosales M, Cruz A, Alvarez-Gómez JA, Sagrero-Fabela N, Cerpa-Cruz S, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Analysis of TNFSF13B polymorphisms and BAFF expression in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1950. [PMID: 35411715 PMCID: PMC9184664 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased expression of B cell‐activating factor (BAFF) has been linked to autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association among TNFSF13B gene (OMIM: 603969) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), TNFSF13B mRNA, and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The diagnostic value of sBAFF also was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic or receptor (ROC) curves. Methods Genotypes of the TNFSF13B rs9514827 (−2841 T > C), rs1041569 (−2701 A > T) and rs9514828 (−871 C > T) SNPs were determined by PCR‐RFLP assay. TNFSF13B mRNA and sBAFF expression were performed by RT‐qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The study included 320 RA patients, 101 pSS patients, and 309 healthy subjects (HS). Results The rs9514828 T allele and the TAT haplotype were associated with an increased risk to develop RA. In both ADs, the TNFSF13B mRNA levels were increased in comparison with HS. The rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism was associated with increased gene expression in RA patients. Also, sBAFF levels were higher in both ADs, however pSS patients showed the highest sBAFF levels. sBAFF showed higher diagnostic performance for pSS with an AUC of 0.968, with a similar accuracy of anti‐SSA/Ro antibody diagnosis (AUC = 0.974). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (−871 C > T) polymorphism is a risk factor for RA in the western Mexican population. sBAFF levels may be a potential diagnosis biomarker in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Santillán-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Noemí Espinoza-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jhonatan Antonio Alvarez-Gómez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Servicio de Reumatología, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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3
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Song Y, Ismail M, Shan Q, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Du Y, Ling L. ROS-mediated liposomal dexamethasone: a new FA-targeted nanoformulation to combat rheumatoid arthritis via inhibiting iRhom2/TNF-α/BAFF pathways. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20170-20185. [PMID: 34846489 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that has seriously affected human health worldwide and its current management requires more successful therapeutic approaches. The combination of nanomedicines and pathophysiology into one system may provide an alternative strategy for precise RA treatment. In this work, a practical ROS-mediated liposome, abbreviated as Dex@FA-ROS-Lips that comprised synthetic dimeric thioether lipids (di-S-PC) and a surface functionalized with folic acid (FA), was proposed for dexamethasone (Dex) delivery. Incorporation with thioether lipids and a FA segment significantly improved the triggered release and improved the triggered release of cytotoxic Dex as well as the active targeting of RA, altering its overall pharmacokinetics and safety profiles in vivo. As proof, the designed Dex@FA-ROS-Lips demonstrated effective internalization by LPS-activated Raw264.7 macrophages with FA receptor overexpression and released Dex at the inflammatory site due to the ROS-triggered disassembly. Intravenous injection of this Dex@FA-ROS-Lips into adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) mice led to its incremental accumulation in inflamed joint tissues and significantly alleviated the cartilage destruction and joint swelling via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (iRhom2, TNF-α and BAFF), as compared to the effect of commercial free Dex. Importantly, the Dex@FA-ROS-Lips nanoformulation showed better hemocompatibility with less adverse effects on the body weight and immune organ index of AIA mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex@FA-ROS-Lips was further studied and it was found that it is possibly associated with the down-regulation of iRhom2 and the activation of the TNF-α/BAFF signaling pathway. Therefore, the integration of nanomedicines and the RA microenvironment using multifunctional Dex@FA-ROS-Lips shall be a novel RA treatment modality with full clinical potential, and based on the enhanced therapeutic effect, the signaling pathway of iRhom2/TNF-α/BAFF reasonably explained the mechanism of Dex@FA-ROS-Lips in anti-RA, which suggested a molecular target for RA therapy and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Yuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Longbing Ling
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education of China), School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Alturaiki W, Mubarak A, Mir SA, Afridi A, Premanathan M, Mickymaray S, Vijayakumar R, Alsagaby SA, Almalki SG, Alghofaili F, Alnemare AK, Flanagan BF. Plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL are elevated in patients with asthma in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7455-7459. [PMID: 34867050 PMCID: PMC8626297 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of cytokines and can induce B cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production via interaction with their receptors, including transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and B-cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). Herein, we assessed the plasma protein levels of BAFF and APRIL in patients with asthma to determine whether their expression is correlated with total IgE production and examined the surface expression of BAFF/APRIL receptors on B cells. Blood samples were collected from 47 patients with controlled asthma symptoms and 20 healthy normal controls, and plasma levels of APRIL, BAFF, and total IgE protein were quantified by corresponding ELISA assays. Furthermore, lymphocytes were isolated and B cells were analyzed for the presence of BAFF-R, BCMA, and TACI receptors using flow cytometry. Our results showed that IgE, BAFF, and APRIL plasma levels were markedly increased in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. Moreover, expression of BAFF-R and BCMA, but not that of TACI, was significantly increased in patients with asthma compared with healthy controls. Overall, the findings suggest BAFF and APRIL as key mediators of asthma, and determination of their plasma levels may be useful in monitoring asthma symptoms and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Ahmad Mir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzulfi General Hospital, Alzulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Afridi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzulfi General Hospital, Alzulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariappan Premanathan
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Alghofaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad K Alnemare
- Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Flanagan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Xiao F, Zheng L, Zhu X, Wu L, Zhao C, Wang S, Rui K, Zou H, Lu L. B cell-activating factor and its targeted therapy in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hughes TK, Wadsworth MH, Gierahn TM, Do T, Weiss D, Andrade PR, Ma F, de Andrade Silva BJ, Shao S, Tsoi LC, Ordovas-Montanes J, Gudjonsson JE, Modlin RL, Love JC, Shalek AK. Second-Strand Synthesis-Based Massively Parallel scRNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Inflammatory Skin Pathologies. Immunity 2020; 53:878-894.e7. [PMID: 33053333 PMCID: PMC7562821 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies enable characterization of complex biological samples by increasing the number of cells that can be profiled contemporaneously. Nevertheless, these approaches recover less information per cell than low-throughput strategies. To accurately report the expression of key phenotypic features of cells, scRNA-seq platforms are needed that are both high fidelity and high throughput. To address this need, we created Seq-Well S3 ("Second-Strand Synthesis"), a massively parallel scRNA-seq protocol that uses a randomly primed second-strand synthesis to recover complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules that were successfully reverse transcribed but to which a second oligonucleotide handle, necessary for subsequent whole transcriptome amplification, was not appended due to inefficient template switching. Seq-Well S3 increased the efficiency of transcript capture and gene detection compared with that of previous iterations by up to 10- and 5-fold, respectively. We used Seq-Well S3 to chart the transcriptional landscape of five human inflammatory skin diseases, thus providing a resource for the further study of human skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis K Hughes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd M Gierahn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tran Do
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Weiss
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priscila R Andrade
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno J de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Park S, Jang JW, Moon EY. BAFF attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell death by the regulation of mitochondria membrane potential via Syk activation in WiL2-NS B lymphoblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11784. [PMID: 32678160 PMCID: PMC7366908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell survival is facilitated by the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a role in survival, differentiation, and maturation of B cells. In the present study, we examined whether BAFF could attenuate oxidative stress-induced B cell death by the regulation of MMP collapse via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation using WiL2-NS human B lymphoblast cells. BAFF binds to receptors on WiL2-NS cells. When the cells were incubated in serum-deprived conditions with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS), BAFF reduced the percentage of dead cells as determined through trypan blue staining and caspase 3 activity. BAFF also inhibited MMP collapse with 1% FBS, as indicated by a decrease in the number of cells with high-red fluorescence of MitoProbe™ JC-1 reagent or a decrease in the percentage of DiOC6-stained cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced by incubation with BAFF in the presence of 10% or 1% FBS. BAFF inhibited MMP collapse, cell growth retardation, dead cell formation, and caspase 3 activation caused by treatment with H2O2. Syk phosphorylation on tyrosine (Y) 525/526 was increased in cells incubated with 1% FBS in the presence of BAFF than cells incubated with 1% FBS or BAFF alone. BAY61-3606, a Syk inhibitor reduced the effect of BAFF on MMP collapse, caspase 3 activation, cell growth retardation, and dead cell formation. Together, these data demonstrate that BAFF might attenuate oxidative stress-induced B cell death and growth retardation by the maintenance of MMP through Syk activation by Y525/526 phosphorylation. Therefore, BAFF and Syk might be therapeutic targets in the pathogenesis of B cell-associated diseases such as autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Positive and negative cooperativity of TNF and Interferon-γ in regulating synovial fibroblast function and B cell survival in fibroblast/B cell co-cultures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:780. [PMID: 31964950 PMCID: PMC6972945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts (SF) were reported to produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) in response to stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, the influence of these pro-inflammatory cytokines on other receptors/ligands of the TNF superfamily or associated cytokine receptors in SF has not been investigated yet. Here we show the differential regulation of BAFF (CD257), Fn14 (CD266), TACI (CD267), BAFF-R (CD268), BCMA (CD269), CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), IFN-γR (CD119), Leptin receptor (ObR, CD295), VCAM-1 (CD106) and membrane TGF-β in isolated SF and the impact of IFN-γ/TNF co-incubation on proliferation, IL-6 and IL-8 production. In addition, the impact of differentially stimulated SF on B cell survival in co-cultures was assessed. Surface cytokines and cytokine receptors were detected by flow cytometry. Soluble cytokine receptors and cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Proliferation was assessed by cell titer blue. Murine B cell survival in fibroblast/ B cell co-cultures was determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. IFN-γ together with TNF synergistically and significantly increased the cell surface levels of BAFF, Fn14, TACI, BAFF-R, BCMA, CD40L, ObR and IFN-γR in rheumatoid arthritis SF after 72 h incubation. Soluble BAFF was only induced by IFN-γ and inhibited by TNF. Addition of TWEAK had no influence on proliferation or IL-8 production but decreased TNF-induced IL-6 production, whereas APRIL, BAFF and leptin did not modulate TNF or TNF/IFN-γ-induced proliferation or cytokine production. Proliferation was increased by TNF and further enhanced by the addition of IFN-γ. In co-culture experiments, SF stimulated with TNF/IFN but not TNF or IFN-γ alone increased shedding of VCAM-1 and expression of membrane TGFβ, which was associated with reduced survival of murine B cells. IFN-γ and TNF regulate the expression of TNF family member cytokines and associated receptors. Ligation of IFN-γR and Fn14 under pro-inflammatory conditions modulated IL-6/IL-8 production and proliferation. In B cell/SF co-cultures, the combination of TNF/IFN reduced B cell survival possibly via enhanced VCAM-1 shedding and/or increased TGF-β production. IFN-γ is necessary for the observed effects on B cell survival and SF cytokine production and emphasizes its anti-inflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis.
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9
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Ni R, Song G, Fu X, Song R, Li L, Pu W, Gao J, Hu J, Liu Q, He F, Zhang D, Huang G. Reactive oxygen species-responsive dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via suppressing the iRhom2/TNF-α/BAFF signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119730. [PMID: 31918224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that results in synovitis, cartilage destruction, and even loss of joint function. The frequent and long-term administration of anti-rheumatic drugs often leads to obvious adverse effects and patient non-compliance. Therefore, to specifically deliver dexamethasone (Dex) to inflamed joints and reduce the administration frequency of Dex, we developed Dex-loaded reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles (Dex/Oxi-αCD NPs) and folic acid (FA) modified Dex/Oxi-αCD NPs (Dex/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs) and validated their anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study demonstrated that these NPs can be effectively internalized by activated macrophages and the released Dex from NPs significantly downregulated the expression of iRhom2, TNF-α, and BAFF in activated Raw264.7. In vivo experiments revealed that Dex/Oxi-αCD NPs, especially Dex/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs significantly accumulated at inflamed joints in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and alleviated the joint swelling and cartilage destruction. Importantly, the expression of iRhom2, TNF-α, and BAFF in the joint was inhibited by intravenous injection of Dex/Oxi-αCD NPs and Dex/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs. Collectively, our data revealed that Dex-loaded ROS-responsive NPs can target inflamed joints and attenuate arthritis, and the 'iRhom2-TNF-α-BAFF' pathway plays an important role in the treatment of RA with the NPs, suggesting that this pathway may be a novel target for RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guojing Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruifeng Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jining Gao
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Amy Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits BAFF Expression in Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Human Synoviocyte MH7A Cells by Modulating the Activation of the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8042097. [PMID: 31240234 PMCID: PMC6556285 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8042097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound and exerts antiarthritic activities in arthritis. However, it is not clear whether the anti-inflammatory property of CGA is associated with the regulation of BAFF expression. In this study, we found that treatment of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice with CGA significantly attenuated arthritis progression and markedly inhibited BAFF production in serum as well as the production of serum TNF-α. Furthermore, CGA inhibits TNF-α-induced BAFF expression in a dose-dependent manner and apoptosis in MH7A cells. Mechanistically, we found the DNA-binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB in the BAFF promoter region is required for this regulation. Moreover, CGA reduces the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB to the BAFF promoter region and suppresses BAFF expression through the NF-κB pathway in TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells. These results suggest that CGA may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA by targeting BAFF.
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11
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Stefani RM, Halder SS, Estell EG, Lee AJ, Silverstein AM, Sobczak E, Chahine NO, Ateshian GA, Shah RP, Hung CT. A Functional Tissue-Engineered Synovium Model to Study Osteoarthritis Progression and Treatment. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:538-553. [PMID: 30203722 PMCID: PMC6482911 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The synovium envelops the diarthrodial joint and plays a key regulatory role in defining the composition of the synovial fluid through filtration and biosynthesis of critical boundary lubricants. Synovium changes often precede cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We describe a novel in vitro tissue engineered model, validated against native synovium explants, to investigate the structure-function of synovium through quantitative solute transport measures. Synovium was evaluated in the presence of a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1, or the clinically relevant corticosteroid, dexamethasone. We anticipate that a better understanding of synovium transport would support efforts to develop more effective strategies aimed at restoring joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Saiti S. Halder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Eben G. Estell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andy J. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evie Sobczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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12
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that is marked by a systemic inflammatory reaction and joint erosions. Elevated levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF) have been detected in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients. Moreover, the levels of BAFF increase in cases of autoimmune disease and are correlated with the level of disease activity. As an innate cytokine mediator, BAFF affects the immune response of the synovial microenvironment. In this review, we consider recent observations of BAFF and its receptors in RA progression, as well as the effects of BAFF on the cell-cell interactions network. We also summarize the clinical development of BAFF antagonists for the treatment of RA.
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13
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Wu DH, Xu L, Wen CP, Xie GQ, Ji JJ, Pan JL, Jiao YF, Fan YS. The effects of Jieduquyuzishen prescription-treated rat serum on the BAFF/BAFF-R signal pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118462. [PMID: 25689512 PMCID: PMC4331425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly characterized by B cell hyperactivity. Glucocorticoid (GC) is widely used in SLE for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Despite its important clinical efficacy, high-dose or long-term use of GC can cause severe side effects, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, cataracts, hyperglycemia, coronary heart disease and cognitive impairment. Our early clinical studies have shown that Jieduquyuzishen prescription (JP) can effectively reduce the adverse effects and improve the curative effect of GC in the treatment of SLE. The BAFF/BAFF-R signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of SLE and has been regarded as a potential target for the therapy of SLE. In this study, we attempt to investigate the effect of JP on the BAFF/BAFF-R signaling pathway to explore the mechanism of JP in reducing the toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of GC. YAC-1 cells, isolated rat peripheral blood lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and spleen lymphocytes were treated with drug-containing serum. The results of RT-PCR, Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays indicate that either JP or GC can inhibit the mBAFF-induced up-regulation of BAFF, BAFF-R, Bcl-2, IL-10 and NF-κB in YAC-1 cells and WEHI-231 cells. Furthermore, MTS, flow cytometry and CFSE results reveal that the proliferation and survival of lymphocytes activated by mBAFF are suppressed by JP, GC and their combination. Contrary to GC, JP can reduce the apoptosis and raise the survival of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and can’t increase the apoptosis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen lymphocytes. Therefore, it is possible that JP can down-regulate the BAFF/BAFF-R signaling pathway as effectively as GC, which may result in the dosage reduction of GC, thus decreasing the toxicity and improving the efficacy of GC-based treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-hong Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-ping Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guan-qun Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-jun Ji
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-li Pan
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-feng Jiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-sheng Fan
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Malheiros D, Panepucci RA, Roselino AM, Araújo AG, Zago MA, Petzl-Erler ML. Genome-wide gene expression profiling reveals unsuspected molecular alterations in pemphigus foliaceus. Immunology 2014; 143:381-95. [PMID: 24813052 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by bullous skin lesions and the presence of antibodies against desmoglein 1. In this study we sought to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes in endemic PF, as the identification of factors that participate in the pathogenesis is a prerequisite for understanding its biological basis and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions. CD4+ T lymphocytes are central to the development of the disease. Therefore, we compared genome-wide gene expression profiles of peripheral CD4+ T cells of various PF patient subgroups with each other and with that of healthy individuals. The patient sample was subdivided into three groups: untreated patients with the generalized form of the disease, patients submitted to immunosuppressive treatment, and patients with the localized form of the disease. Comparisons between different subgroups resulted in 135, 54 and 64 genes differentially expressed. These genes are mainly related to lymphocyte adhesion and migration, apoptosis, cellular proliferation, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Several of these genes were differentially expressed when comparing lesional and uninvolved skin from the same patient. The chromosomal regions 19q13 and 12p13 concentrate differentially expressed genes and are candidate regions for PF susceptibility genes and disease markers. Our results reveal genes involved in disease severity, potential therapeutic targets and previously unsuspected processes involved in the pathogenesis. Besides, this study adds original information that will contribute to the understanding of PF's pathogenesis and of the still poorly defined in vivo functions of most of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Malheiros
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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15
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Oridonin ameliorates lupus-like symptoms of MRL(lpr/lpr) mice by inhibition of B-cell activating factor (BAFF). Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:230-7. [PMID: 23712004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin, a pharmacologically safe agent extracted from Isodon Serra, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not clear whether Oridonin affects B-cell activating factor (BAFF) expression, thereby exerting beneficial effects in the treatment of BAFF-associated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thus, the current study aimed to find the function of Oridonin in regulation of BAFF and amelioration of SLE. In vitro, we explored the effect of Oridonin on BAFF expression and production in mouse macrophages. Moreover, using a spontaneous murine SLE model, we investigated the role of Oridonin delivery in the treatment of lupus-like disease in MRL(lpr/lpr) mice, by measuring the changes in lupus symptoms, renal damage, BAFF expression, and B cell subsets. Our results showed that Oridonin significantly inhibited BAFF expression in mouse macrophages by suppressing the transcriptional activation of its promoter. And in vivo administration of Oridonin efficiently ameliorated the serological and clinical manifestations of SLE in MRL(lpr/lpr) mice, as shown by increased survival benefit, reduced proteinuria levels, diminished production of specific auto-antibodies, and attenuated renal damage, in association with down-regulation of BAFF and a lower rate of B-cell maturation and differentiation. Thus, it suggests that Oridonin will serve as a novel natural therapeutic strategy for SLE by inhibition of BAFF.
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Ohmatsu H, Sugaya M, Miyagaki T, Suga H, Fujita H, Asano Y, Tada Y, Kadono T, Sato S. BAFF levels are increased in lesional skin and sera in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:359-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Wang Q, Ma Y, Liu D, Zhang L, Wei W. The Roles of B Cells and Their Interactions with Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 155:205-11. [DOI: 10.1159/000321185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Huang G, Yang Y, Xu Z, Zhou P, Gong W, Li Y, Fan J, He F. Downregulation of B lymphocyte stimulator expression by curcumin in B lymphocyte via suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 650:451-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Wang D, Chang Y, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yan S, Xie G, Qin Q, Jin J, Wang W, Fang J, Wei W. Therapeutic effects of TACI-Ig on rat with adjuvant arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:225-34. [PMID: 21155990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor-immunoglobulin (TACI-Ig) is a human fusion protein that binds and neutralizes both B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a cytokine shown to be a key regulator of B cell maturation, proliferation and survival, and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). Rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) is an experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is mainly dependent on T cells and neutrophil-mediated cytokine production. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of TACI-Ig on rat AA. Rat AA was induced by intradermal injection of 0·1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). TACI-Ig (0·7, 2·1 and 6·3 mg/kg), recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-α receptor (rhTNFR) : Fc (2·8 mg/kg) and IgG-Fc (6·3 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously every other day from days 16 to 34 after immunization. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritis global assessment and swollen joint count (SJC). The ankle joint and spleen were harvested for histopathological examination. Spleen index and thymus index were calculated. The levels of BLyS, interleukin (IL)-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, IgG1, IgG2a and IgM in AA rat spleen were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of TACI-Ig significantly reduced the arthritis global assessment and SJC, decreased spleen index and ameliorated histopathological manifestations of rat AA. Suppressing the levels of BLyS, IL-17, IFN-γ and Ig in AA rat spleen were observed after administration of TACI-Ig. These results showed that TACI-Ig significantly inhibited the degree of rat AA, and the inhibitory effects might be associated with its ability to reduce BLyS, proinflammatory cytokines and Ig levels in spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei RC Biotechnologies Ltd, Yantai, China
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Denk AE, Kaufmann S, Stark K, Schedel J, Lowin T, Schubert T, Bosserhoff AK. Slit3 inhibits Robo3-induced invasion of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R45. [PMID: 20298552 PMCID: PMC2888193 DOI: 10.1186/ar2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The repellent factor family of Slit molecules has been described to have repulsive function in the developing nervous system on growing axons expressing the Robo receptors. However, until today no data are available on whether these repellent factors are involved in the regulation of synovial fibroblast (SF) activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods mRNA expression in primary synovial fibroblasts was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and protein expression was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Different functional assays were performed with rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF): proliferation, migration and a novel in-vitro cartilage destruction assay. Results First, we found increased expression of Robo3 expression in RASF compared to normal SF. Interestingly, analysis of data from a recently published genome-wide association study suggests a contribution of ROBO3 gene polymorphisms to susceptibility of RA. Functional assays performed with RASF revealed induction of migration and cartilage destruction by Robo3 and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP3 expression. Treatment of RASF in early passages with Slit3 led to inhibition of migration whereas RASF in later passages, having reduced Robo3 expression in cell culture, were not inhibited by Slit3 treatment. Here, reduction of Robo3 expression from passage 3 to 10 might reflect an important step in losing repulsive activity of Slit3. Conclusions Taken together, our data showed that deregulation of the Robo3 receptor in synovial fibroblasts in RA correlates with aggressiveness of the fibroblasts. Slit3 reduces the migratory activity of synovial cells from patients with RA, potentially by repulsion of the cells in analogy to the neuronal system. Further studies will be necessary to prove Slit activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Denk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Zhu XJ, Shi Y, Sun JZ, Shan NN, Peng J, Guo CS, Qin P, Hou M. High-Dose Dexamethasone Inhibits BAFF Expression in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:603-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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