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Huang ZS, Xie DQ, Xu LJ, Huang CS, Zheng M, Chen YJ, Cao Y. Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis in Rats via Protecting Blood-Brain Barrier, Impairing Inflammation and Nitrous Oxide Systems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562084. [PMID: 33123008 PMCID: PMC7566283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.562084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the underlying impact of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), which is the main activity compound of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, on the blood–brain barrier, inflammatory and nitrous oxide systems in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. The SD rats were divided into control group, LPS treatment group, and LPS + TMP treatment group. TMP administered by tail vein injection. The mortality of experimental rats was recorded during the experiment. Rats were sacrificed after 14 days. Peripheral blood was collected and the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The integrity of blood-brain barrier was detected by sodium fluorescein staining. Lung and brain tissues were taken to detect the infiltration of immune cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of tight junctions related proteins and oxidative stress-related proteins. The results showed that TMP treatment for 14 days significantly decreased the weight loss and increased the survival rate of the septic rats significantly. TMP decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alleviated the sepsis-induced damage in both the lung and brain tissues. The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly decreased post-TMP treatment. Histopathological analysis with sodium fluorescein staining density showed that TMP had a protective effect on the basal lamina and cerebral cortex. Also, TMP significantly increased expression of the tight junction-related proteins claudin-5 and occludin in the brain tissue and increased the expression of the ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 genes, indicating alleviated the degree of blood–brain barrier destruction. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting confirmed that TMP could inhibit the indicators of the nitrous oxide system, iNOS and eNOS; in addition, TMP significantly decreased the levels of MDA and NO. The findings showed that TMP treatment during sepsis was associated with the protection of the blood–brain barrier and the suppression of inflammatory reactions and the nitrous oxide system. This study reveals a promising protective role of TMP in septic encephalopathy and may suggest a therapeutic approach for fighting the deadly disease of sepsis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Sheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Da-Qi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Ophthalmology Operating Room, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang-Shun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Geng C, Guo Y, Wang C, Cui C, Han W, Liao D, Jiang P. Comprehensive Evaluation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Changes in Rats Based on Metabolomics. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:477-486. [PMID: 32904659 PMCID: PMC7457572 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s266012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Substantial evidence indicates that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ failure. Previous metabolomic studies have mainly focused on LPS-induced depression or hepatic and renal effects. However, no comprehensive metabolomics-based analysis of the serum, liver, kidney, hippocampus, and heart following exposure to LPS has been undertaken to date. Material and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a control and a LPS-treated group (n=8). LPS for 2 weeks (0.5 mg/kg every other day) was given via intraperitoneal injection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for metabolite determination, while multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed metabolites between the two groups. Results Our study revealed that 24, 13, 12, 7, and 12 metabolites were differentially expressed between the LPS treatment group and the control group in the serum, liver, kidney, hippocampus, and heart, respectively. We further identified that these metabolic changes were mainly involved with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; glutathione metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; bile acid biosynthesis; and glycerolipid metabolism. Conclusion We have systematically elucidated the metabolic changes underlying LPS-induced SIRS, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms associated with these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Clinical Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People's Republic of China
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An R, Zhao L, Xu J, Xi C, Li H, Shen G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Sun L. Resveratrol alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial injury in rats by suppressing neutrophil accumulation, the induction of TNF-α and myocardial apoptosis via activation of Sirt1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5297-5303. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Daniele-Silva A, Machado RJ, Monteiro NK, Estrela AB, Santos EC, Carvalho E, Araújo Júnior RF, Melo-Silveira RF, Rocha HAO, Silva-Júnior AA, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Stigmurin and TsAP-2 from Tityus stigmurus scorpion venom: Assessment of structure and therapeutic potential in experimental sepsis. Toxicon 2016; 121:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lee HL, Park MH, Son DJ, Song HS, Kim JH, Ko SC, Song MJ, Lee WH, Yoon JH, Ham YW, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-cancer effect of snake venom toxin through down regulation of AP-1 mediated PRDX6 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22139-51. [PMID: 26061816 PMCID: PMC4673152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom toxin (SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica contains a mixture of different enzymes and proteins. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is known to be a stimulator of lung cancer cell growth. PRDX6 is a member of peroxidases, and has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities. PRDX6 has an AP-1 binding site in its promoter region of the gene. Since AP-1 is implicated in tumor growth and PRDX6 expression, in the present study, we investigated whether SVT inhibits PRDX6, thereby preventing human lung cancer cell growth (A549 and NCI-H460) through inactivation of AP-1. A docking model study and pull down assay showed that SVT completely fits on the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) region of c-Fos of AP-1. SVT (0–10 μg/ml) inhibited lung cancer cell growth in a concentration dependent manner through induction of apoptotic cell death accompanied by induction of cleaved caspase-3, -8, -9, Bax, p21 and p53, but decreased cIAP and Bcl2 expression via inactivation of AP-1. In an xenograft in vivo model, SVT (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) also inhibited tumor growth accompanied with the reduction of PRDX6 expression, but increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. These data indicate that SVT inhibits tumor growth via inhibition of PRDX6 activity through interaction with its transcription factor AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Ko
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyoung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital, Seowon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Effects of neonatal inflammation on the inflammatory and oxidative profile during experimental sepsis in adult life. Physiol Behav 2015; 151:516-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Friedrich O, Reid MB, Van den Berghe G, Vanhorebeek I, Hermans G, Rich MM, Larsson L. The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1025-109. [PMID: 26133937 PMCID: PMC4491544 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification of different ICUAW forms (CIM, CIP, sepsis-induced, steroid-denervation myopathy) and pathophysiological mechanisms from clinical and animal model data. Triggers include sepsis, mechanical ventilation, muscle unloading, steroid treatment, or denervation. Some ICUAW forms require stringent diagnostic features; CIM is marked by membrane hypoexcitability, severe atrophy, preferential myosin loss, ultrastructural alterations, and inadequate autophagy activation while myopathies in pure sepsis do not reproduce marked myosin loss. Reduced membrane excitability results from depolarization and ion channel dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to energy-dependent processes. Ubiquitin proteasome and calpain activation trigger muscle proteolysis and atrophy while protein synthesis is impaired. Myosin loss is more pronounced than actin loss in CIM. Protein quality control is altered by inadequate autophagy. Ca(2+) dysregulation is present through altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. We highlight clinical hallmarks, trigger factors, and potential mechanisms from human studies and animal models that allow separation of risk factors that may trigger distinct mechanisms contributing to weakness. During critical illness, altered inflammatory (cytokines) and metabolic pathways deteriorate muscle function. ICUAW prevention/treatment is limited, e.g., tight glycemic control, delaying nutrition, and early mobilization. Future challenges include identification of primary/secondary events during the time course of critical illness, the interplay between membrane excitability, bioenergetic failure and differential proteolysis, and finding new therapeutic targets by help of tailored animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M B Reid
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Van den Berghe
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Vanhorebeek
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hermans
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M M Rich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Larsson
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Salidroside Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Myocarditis in Rats by Regulating IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling. Inflammation 2015; 38:2178-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Luo M, Zhao A, Li J, Chen Y, Tian D, Wang C, Hu Z, Gao J. Acute liver injury attenuation of a novel recombinant sTNFR through blocking hepatic apoptosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:295-300. [PMID: 25982795 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1035390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α plays a key role in acute liver injury (ALI) induced by injection of d-galactosamine (D-Gal)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A novel recombinant trimeric sTNFRII, sTNFRII-gAD, has been tested to be effective in ameliorating ALI, when administered prior to ALI establishment. This study aims to validate the protective effect of sTNFRII-gAD when given after ALI setup and further explore its effect on hepatic apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treatments were carried out concomitantly with ALI establishment with clinically approved sTNFRII-Fc (the dimeric sTNFRII) as a positive control. Lethality, liver weight, and serum alanine transaminase were measured, and histological analysis was performed to evaluate liver injury induced by D-Gal/LPS. Additionally, Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot analyses of caspase-3 were used to examine hepatocellular apoptosis. RESULTS sTNFRII-gAD given after D-Gal/LPS injection turned out to attenuate animal mortality significantly (p < 0.01), and had better hepatic protection. In terms of apoptosis, both sTNFRII-gAD and sTNFRII-Fc displayed noticeable improvement of apoptosis evidenced by dramatic decline of active caspase-3 compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that sTNFRII-gAD therapeutically diminished the lethality induced by D-Gal/LPS, possibly through blocking hepatic apoptosis initiated by TNFα. Of note, sTNFRII-gAD was superior to sTNFRII-Fc in some respects, indicating a promising alternative for the therapeutic strategy against the diseases associated with excessive TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansheng Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, JingGangShan University , Jian , China
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Maciel MC, Fialho EM, Guerra RN, Borges VM, Kwasniewski FH, Nascimento FR. Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom improves survival and lung inflammation in lethal sepsis induced by CLP in mice. Toxicon 2014; 89:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Schulz K, Sommer O, Jargon D, Utzolino S, Clement HW, Strate T, von Dobschuetz E. Cytokine and radical inhibition in septic intestinal barrier failure. J Surg Res 2014; 193:831-40. [PMID: 25277359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakdown of the intestinal barrier is a driving force of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Radical scavengers or cytokine inhibitors may have a therapeutic impact on intestinal failure. Therapeutic effects on different sites of small intestine and colon have not been compared. Therefore, we investigated time-dependent intestinal permeability changes and their therapeutic inhibition in colon and small intestine with an ex vivo model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either pretreated for 24 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally alone or in combination with a radical scavenger (pyruvate or Tempol) or a cytokine inhibitor (parecoxib or vasoactive intestinal peptide). The gastrointestinal permeability was measured by time-dependent fluorescein isothiocyanate inulin diffusion using washed and everted tube-like gut segments. Blood and tissue samples were taken to investigate the development of inflammatory cytokine level (interleukin 6) in the context of cytokine inhibition and reactive oxygen species level via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in radical scavenger groups. RESULTS After LPS treatment, mucosal permeability was enhanced up to 170% in small intestine and colon. In the small intestine the most significant reduction in permeability was found for pyruvate and parecoxib. Treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide and parecoxib resulted in the most pronounced reduction of permeability in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cytokine inhibitors and radical scavengers have pronounced effects in LPS-induced disrupted intestinal barrier of the colon and small intestine. Our novel model comparing different anatomic sites and different points in time after the onset of sepsis may contribute to gain new insight into mechanisms and treatment options of sepsis-related gut mucosal breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schulz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Sommer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jargon
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Utzolino
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Strate
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, Reinbek, Germany
| | - Ernst von Dobschuetz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, Reinbek, Germany
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