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Tarrah A, Dos Santos Cruz BC, Sousa Dias R, da Silva Duarte V, Pakroo S, Licursi de Oliveira L, Gouveia Peluzio MC, Corich V, Giacomini A, Oliveira de Paula S. Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81, a cholesterol-lowering strain having immunomodulatory activity, reveals gut microbiota regulation capability in BALB/c mice receiving high-fat diet. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1942-1957. [PMID: 33709536 PMCID: PMC8518695 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims In‐vitro/In‐vivo evaluation of cholesterol‐lowering probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 and the possible connection with the gut microbiota modulation. Methods and Results In the present study, strain DTA81 has been evaluated for the possible influence on blood lipid and glucose concentrations, modulation of the immune system, gastrointestinal survivability and modulation of gut microbiota in BALB/c mice receiving a high‐fat diet. After 6 weeks of treatment, a significant reduction of total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) among animals treated with L. paracasei DTA81 has been recorded. Comparison of colon tissue levels of different cytokines revealed a significant reduction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6. The comparison of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA approach indicated that the treatment with L. paracasei DTA81 significantly increased the taxa Bacteroidetes and Coprococcus. Moreover, the genome of DTA81 was sequenced for the in‐silico assessment, and the analysis indicated the presence of cholesterol assimilation‐related genes as well as the absence of negative traits such as transmissible antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids and prophage regions. Conclusion The outcome of this study revealed the in‐vitro and in‐vivo properties of L. paracasei DTA81 and the possible mechanism between consumption of this strain, the abundance of Bacteriodetes/Coprococcus taxa, immunomodulatory activity and the subsequent reduction of cholesterol/FBS in BALB/c mice. Significance and Impact of the Study Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 as a non‐pharmacological potential probiotic supplement can influence metabolic homeostasis in individuals, particularly those adopting high‐fat diets, and it can contribute to reduce coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - B C Dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V da Silva Duarte
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Pakroo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - L Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M C Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - A Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chen SC, Chen PY, Wu YL, Chen CW, Chen HW, Lii CK, Sun HL, Liu KL. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids amend palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes. Food Funct 2016; 7:270-8. [PMID: 26436985 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular lipid accumulation results in inflammation, which is correlated with impaired insulin action in the skeletal muscle, an important organ for glucose uptake in the body. In this study, we explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammatory responses and insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in PA-treated myotubes was suppressed by these three test long-chain PUFAs. Moreover, the addition of long-chain PUFAs decreased PA-induced insulin resistance as evidenced by increases in phosphorylated AKT and glucose uptake. In PA-treated myotubes, long-chain PUFAs improved glucose transporter 4 expression, basal glucose uptake without insulin, and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Of note, the long-chain PUFAs obstructed the effects of PA on the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase C-θ as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1. The inhibitory effect of AA but not of DHA and EPA on PA-induced inflammation and impaired insulin action was cancelled in C2C12 myotubes transfected with a constitutively active mutant IκB kinase-β plasmid. These data suggest that long-chain PUFAs may be useful in the management of PA-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in myotubes. In addition to the NF-κB pathway, other mechanisms are involved in the health benefits of DHA and EPA in PA-treated myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Chih Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan and Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. and Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan. and Department of Dietitian and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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An JH, Kim DL, Lee TB, Kim KJ, Kim SH, Kim NH, Kim HY, Choi DS, Kim SG. Effect of Rubus Occidentalis Extract on Metabolic Parameters in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Proof-of-concept, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1634-1640. [PMID: 27279471 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rubus occidentalis (RO) has beneficial effects on glucose and lipid profiles in vitro. The aim of the study was to investigate RO extract effect on metabolic parameters in prediabetic patients, adopting a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-four patients (age 59.0 ± 8.2 years, 70.5% females, HbA1c 5.8 ± 0.4%) were divided into placebo (n = 13), low-dose RO extract (LRE; n = 14), or high-dose RO extract (HRE; n = 17) groups. Either 900 or 1800 mg per day of RO extract was administered orally. Area under the curve for glucose obtained 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was significantly decreased in the HRE group, compared with the placebo group (-28.1 ± 42.4 vs. +13.4 ± 52.6 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Homoeostasis model assessment-B was increased (+17.11 ± 10.69, +5.24 ± 4.10, and +0.86 ± 6.01 in HRE, LRE, and placebo, respectively, p < 0.05). Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased by treatment in a dose-dependent manner (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: -35.0 ± 21.2, +8.4 ± 18.1, and +24.2 ± 14.5; oxidized low-density lipoprotein: -19.7 ± 8.5, -13.1 ± 7.2, and -2.2 ± 11.0 in the HRE, LRE, and placebo, respectively, p < 0.05). The results support the beneficial effects of RO extract on the control of glycemia and vascular inflammation in prediabetic patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01964703). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun An
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Dong-Lim Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-739, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Lee
- Berry & Bio Food Research Institute, 558, Bokbunja-ro, Buan-myeon, Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 585-943, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
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Pang X, Panee J. Anti-inflammatory Function of Phyllostachys Edulis Extract in the Hippocampus of HIV-1 Transgenic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 27398410 DOI: 10.16966/2380-5536.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
HIV induces neuroinflammation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of an extract from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis in the hippocampus of HIV-1 transgenic (TG) rats. Five (5) one-month-old TG rats and 5 Fisher 344 (F344) rats were fed a control diet, another 5 TG rats were fed the control diet supplemented with bamboo extract (BEX, 11 grams dry mass per 4057 Kcal). After 9 months of dietary treatment, the gene and protein expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the protein expression p65 and c-Jun were analyzed in the hippocampus. Compared to the F344 rats, the TG rats fed control diet showed significantly higher protein expression of GFAP and c-Jun, and mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β. BEX supplement to the TG rats significantly lowered protein expressions of GFAP, p65, and c-Jun, and showed a trend to decrease the protein expression of IL-1β. Compared to the TG rats, TG+BEX rats also downregulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNFα. In summary, neuroinflammation mediated by the NFκB and AP-1 pathways in the hippocampus of the TG rats was effectively abolished by dietary supplement of BEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Pang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
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Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L, Valdez-Hernández L, Meza-Sosa KF, Ando-Kuri M. Negative regulation of the inflammasome: keeping inflammation under control. Immunol Rev 2016; 265:231-57. [PMID: 25879297 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its roles in controlling infection and tissue repair, inflammation plays a critical role in diverse and distinct chronic diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders, underscoring the harmful effect of an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Regardless of the nature of the stimulus, initiation of the inflammatory response is mediated by assembly of a multimolecular protein complex called the inflammasome, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The different stimuli and mechanisms that control inflammasome activation are fairly well understood, but the mechanisms underlying the control of undesired inflammasome activation and its inactivation remain largely unknown. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that negatively regulate inflammasome activation to prevent unwanted activation in the resting state, as well as those involved in terminating the inflammatory response after a specific insult to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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Jun P. Potential medicinal application and toxicity evaluation of extracts from bamboo plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:681-692. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2014.5657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Marimoutou M, Le Sage F, Smadja J, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Gonthier MP, Robert-Da Silva C. Antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants Antirhea borbonica, Doratoxylon apetalum and Gouania mauritiana protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα and LPS inflammatory mediators by regulating the expression of superoxide dismutase and NF-κB genes. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25685071 PMCID: PMC4329220 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like H2O2 and pro-inflammatory agents including TNFα and LPS. Such mediators contribute to oxidative stress and alter inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, leading to insulin resistance during obesity. Thus, the identification of natural compounds such as plant polyphenols able to increase the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the body is of high interest. We aimed to evaluate the biological properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from the medicinal plants A. borbonica, D. apetalum and G. mauritiana on preadipocytes exposed to H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators. Methods Medicinal plant extracts were analysed for their polyphenol contents by Folin-Ciocalteu and UPLC-ESI-MS methods as well as for their free radical-scavenging activities by DPPH and ORAC assays. To assess the ability of polyphenol-rich extracts to protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes against H2O2, TNFα or LPS mediators, several parameters including cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), ROS production (DCFH-DA test), IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion (ELISA) were evaluated. Moreover, the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and NF-κB genes was explored (RT-QPCR). Results All medicinal plants exhibited high levels of polyphenols with free radical-scavenging capacities. Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, epicatechin and procyanidins, and phenolic acids derived from caffeic acid including chlorogenic acid, were detected. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts did not exert a cytotoxic effect on preadipocytes but protected them against H2O2 anti-proliferative action. Importantly, they down-regulated ROS production and the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1 pro-inflammatory markers induced by H2O2, TNFα and LPS mediators. Such a protective action was associated with an increase in superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme gene expression and a decrease in mRNA levels of NF-κB pro-inflammatory transcription factor. Conclusion This study highlights that antioxidant strategies based on polyphenols derived from medicinal plants tested could contribute to regulate adipose tissue redox status and immune process, and thus participate to the improvement of obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Marimoutou
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Fanny Le Sage
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, EA 2212, Université de La Réunion, 15 avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
| | - Christine Robert-Da Silva
- UMR Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Inserm U1188 - Université de La Réunion, Plateforme CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Saint-Denis, La Réunion France
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Biological activities and phytochemical profiles of extracts from different parts of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Molecules 2014; 19:8238-60. [PMID: 24945578 PMCID: PMC6270728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a useful building material, bamboo also is a potential source of bioactive substances. Although some studies have been performed to examine its use in terms of the biological activity, only certain parts of bamboo, especially the leaves or shoots, have been studied. Comprehensive and comparative studies among different parts of bamboo would contribute to a better understanding and application of this knowledge. In this study, the biological activities of ethanol and water extracts from the leaves, branches, outer culm, inner culm, knots, rhizomes and roots of Phyllostachys pubescens, the major species of bamboo in Japan, were comparatively evaluated. The phytochemical profiles of these extracts were tentatively determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The results showed that extracts from different parts of bamboo had different chemical compositions and different antioxidative, antibacterial and antiallergic activities, as well as on on melanin biosynthesis. Outer culm and inner culm were found to be the most important sources of active compounds. 8-C-Glucosylapigenin, luteolin derivatives and chlorogenic acid were the most probable compounds responsible for the anti-allergy activity of these bamboo extracts. Our study suggests the potential use of bamboo as a functional ingredient in cosmetics or other health-related products.
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Ho CL, Lin CY, Ka SM, Chen A, Tasi YL, Liu ML, Chiu YC, Hua KF. Bamboo vinegar decreases inflammatory mediator expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and protein kinase C-α/δ activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75738. [PMID: 24124509 PMCID: PMC3790849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboo vinegar (BV), a natural liquid derived from the condensation produced during bamboo charcoal production, has been used in agriculture and as a food additive, but its application to immune modulation has not been reported. Here, we demonstrated that BV has anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo. BV reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels in, and interleukin-6 secretion by, lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of BV involved decreased reactive oxygen species production and protein kinase C-α/δ activation. Furthermore, creosol (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) was indentified as the major anti-inflammatory compound in BV. Impaired cytokine expression and NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation was seen in mice treated with creosol. These findings provide insights into how BV regulates inflammation and suggest that it may be a new source for the development of anti-inflammatory agents or a healthy supplement for preventing and ameliorating inflammation- and NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases, including metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lung Ho
- Division of Wood Cellulose, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Yi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tasi
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chich Chiu
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Melloni E, Zauli G, Celeghini C, Volpi I, Secchiero P. Release of a specific set of proinflammatory adipokines by differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Nutrition 2013; 29:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Papagiannaros A, Righi V, Day GG, Rahme LG, Liu PK, Fischman AJ, Tompkins RG, Tzika AA. Imaging C-Fos Gene Expression in Burns Using Lipid Coated Spion Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:31-37. [PMID: 24995147 DOI: 10.4236/ami.2012.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MR imaging of gene transcription is important as it should enable the non-invasive detection of mRNA alterations in disease. A range of MRI methods have been proposed for in vivo molecular imaging of cells based on the use of ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles and related susceptibility weighted imaging methods. Although immunohistochemistry can robustly differentiate the expression of protein variants, there is currently no direct gene assay technique that is capable of differentiating established to differentiate the induction profiles of c-Fos mRNA in vivo. To visualize the differential FosB gene expression profile in vivo after burn trauma, we developed MR probes that link the T2* contrast agent [superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)] with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) sequence complementary to FosB mRNA to visualize endogenous mRNA targets via in vivo hybridization. The presence of this SPION-ODN probe in cells results in localized signal reduction in T2*-weighted MR images, in which the rate of signal reduction (R2*) reflects the regional iron concentration at different stages of amphetamine (AMPH) exposure in living mouse tissue. Our aim was to produce a superior contrast agent that can be administered using systemic as opposed to local administration and which will target and accumulate at sites of burn injury. Specifically, we developed and evaluated a PEGylated lipid coated MR probe with ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION, a T2 susceptibility agent) coated with cationic fusogenic lipids, used for cell transfection and gene delivery and covalently linked to a phosphorothioate modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN) complementary to c-Fos mRNA (SPION-cFos) and used the agent to image mice with leg burns. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring burn injury using MR imaging of c-Fos transcription in vivo, in a clinically relevant mouse model of burn injury for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristarchos Papagiannaros
- NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Valeria Righi
- NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA ; Department of Biochemistry "G. Moruzzi", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - George G Day
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Molecular Surgery Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Institute, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA ; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Philip K Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Alan J Fischman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ronald G Tompkins
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A Aria Tzika
- NMR Surgical Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA ; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Higa JK, Liang Z, Williams PG, Panee J. Phyllostachys edulis compounds inhibit palmitic acid-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45082. [PMID: 23028772 PMCID: PMC3445604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllostachys edulis Carriere (Poaceae) is a bamboo species that is part of the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacopoeia. Compounds and extracts from this species have shown potential applications towards several diseases. One of many complications found in obesity and diabetes is the link between elevated circulatory free fatty acids (FFAs) and chronic inflammation. This study aims to present a possible application of P. edulis extract in relieving inflammation caused by FFAs. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in chronic inflammation. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) are transcription factors activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1. This study examines the effect of P. edulis extract on cellular production of MCP-1 and on the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways in response to treatment with palmitic acid (PA), a FFA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MCP-1 protein was measured by cytometric bead assay. NF-κB and AP-1 nuclear localization was detected by colorimetric DNA-binding ELISA. Relative MCP-1 mRNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Murine cells were treated with PA to induce inflammation. PA increased expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein, and increased nuclear localization of NF-κB and AP-1. Adding bamboo extract (BEX) inhibited the effects of PA, reduced MCP-1 production, and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 subunits. Compounds isolated from BEX inhibited MCP-1 secretion with different potencies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE PA induced MCP-1 production in murine adipose, muscle, and liver cells. BEX ameliorated PA-induced production of MCP-1 by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. Two O-methylated flavones were isolated from BEX with functional effects on MCP-1 production. These results may represent a possible therapeutic application of BEX and its compounds toward alleviating chronic inflammation caused by elevated circulatory FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K. Higa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Philip G. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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Iqbal M, Ho HL, Petropoulos S, Moisiadis VG, Gibb W, Matthews SG. Pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation of P-glycoprotein in the developing blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43022. [PMID: 22973436 PMCID: PMC3433182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental P-glycoprotein (P-gp) acts to protect the developing fetus from exogenous compounds. This protection declines with advancing gestation leaving the fetus and fetal brain vulnerable to these compounds and potential teratogens in maternal circulation. This vulnerability may be more pronounced in pregnancies complicated by infection, which is common during pregnancy. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (released during infection) have been shown to be potent inhibitors of P-gp, but nothing is known regarding their effects at the developing blood-brain barrier (BBB). We hypothesized that P-gp function and expression in endothelial cells of the developing BBB will be inhibited by pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have derived brain endothelial cell (BEC) cultures from various stages of development of the guinea pig: gestational day (GD) 50, 65 (term ∼68 days) and postnatal day (PND) 14. Once these cultures reached confluence, BECs were treated with various doses (100–104 pg/mL) of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α). P-gp function or abcb1 mRNA (encodes P-gp) expression was assessed following treatment. Incubation of GD50 BECs with IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α resulted in no change in P-gp function. GD65 BECs displayed a dose-dependent decrease in function with all cytokines tested; maximal effects at 42%, 65% and 34% with IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α treatment, respectively (P<0.01). Inhibition of P-gp function by IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was even greater in PND14 BECs; maximal effects at 36% (P<0.01), 84% (P<0.05) and 55% (P<0.01), respectively. Cytokine-induced reductions in P-gp function were associated with decreased abcb1 mRNA expression. These data suggest that BBB P-gp function is increasingly responsive to the inhibitory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with increasing developmental age. Thus, women who experience infection and take prescription medication during pregnancy may expose the developing fetal brain to greater amounts of exogenous compounds – many of which are considered potentially teratogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Iqbal
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Panee J. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) in obesity and diabetes. Cytokine 2012; 60:1-12. [PMID: 22766373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is the first discovered and most extensively studied CC chemokine, and the amount of studies on its role in the etiologies of obesity- and diabetes-related diseases have increased exponentially during the past two decades. This review attempted to provide a panoramic perspective of the history, regulatory mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic strategies of this chemokine. The highlights of this review include the roles of MCP-1 in the development of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, insulitis, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Therapies that specifically or non-specifically inhibit MCP-1 overproduction have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Effects of a high-fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviours in mice. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1143-9. [PMID: 22313665 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet is a major causative factor of overweight and obesity, which are associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of bamboo extract (BEX) on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviours in mice treated with a high-fat diet. Male mice with CD-1 genetic background were treated for 2 months with either a standard or a high-fat diet (10 or 45 % energy from fat, respectively), with or without the BEX supplement (11 g dry mass per 17 MJ). The anxiety levels of mice were evaluated using open-field and hole-board tests, and depression was measured using the force-swimming test. The anxiety responses of the animals were found significantly increased after the high-fat diet treatment, and this elevation was effectively abolished by the BEX supplement. The high-fat diet seemed to have an anti-depressive effect in mice at the tested time point, but the effect of the BEX supplement on the depression level of the animals was not conclusive. The high-fat diet significantly decreased total glutathione content in the blood while the BEX supplement increased glutathione oxidation. In summary, the present study shows that decreased total glutathione concentration in the blood co-occurred with a high-fat treatment, high anxiety level and low depression level in mice, and when supplemented in a high-fat diet, BEX had an anxiolytic effect in mice.
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