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Shielding of a lipooligosaccharide IgM epitope allows evasion of neutrophil-mediated killing of an invasive strain of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. mBio 2014; 5:e01478-14. [PMID: 25053788 PMCID: PMC4120200 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent cause of noninvasive mucosal inflammatory diseases but may also cause invasive diseases, such as sepsis and meningitis, especially in children and the elderly. Infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is characterized by recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes. Despite the presence of a large number of neutrophils, infections with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are often not cleared effectively by the antimicrobial activity of these immune cells. Herein, we examined how nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae evades neutrophil-mediated killing. Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) was used on an isolate resistant to neutrophil-mediated killing to identify genes required for its survival in the presence of human neutrophils and serum, which provided a source of complement and antibodies. Results show that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae prevents complement-dependent neutrophil-mediated killing by expression of surface galactose-containing oligosaccharide structures. These outer-core structures block recognition of an inner-core lipooligosaccharide epitope containing glucose attached to heptose HepIII-β1,2-Glc by replacement with galactose attached to HepIII or through shielding HepIII-β1,2-Glc by phase-variable attachment of oligosaccharide chain extensions. When the HepIII-β1,2-Glc-containing epitope is expressed and exposed, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is opsonized by naturally acquired IgM generally present in human serum and subsequently phagocytosed and killed by human neutrophils. Clinical nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates containing galactose attached to HepIII that are not recognized by this IgM are more often found to cause invasive infections. Neutrophils are white blood cells that specialize in killing pathogens and are recruited to sites of inflammation. However, despite the presence of large numbers of neutrophils in the middle ear cavity and lungs of patients with otitis media or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively, the bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is often not effectively cleared from these locations by these immune cells. In order to understand how nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is able to cause inflammatory diseases in the presence of neutrophils, we determined the mechanism that underlies resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing. We have shown that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae prevents binding of antibodies of the IgM subtype through changes in their surface lipooligosaccharide structure, thereby preventing complement activation and clearance by human neutrophils.
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Yun BH, Lee YS, Chon SJ, Jung YS, Yim SY, Kim HY, Park JH, Seo SK, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS. Evaluation of elevated urinary enolase I levels in patients with endometriosis. Biomarkers 2013; 19:16-21. [PMID: 24283984 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.863973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to validate and investigate the clinical value of urinary enolase I in patients with endometriosis. METHODS Urine samples of 39 patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis and 20 patients without endometriosis were collected. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the increase of enolase I in patients' urine. RESULTS Urinary enolase I expression corrected for creatinine ratio (non neuronal enolase (NNE)-Cr) was significantly greater in patients with endometriosis (p = 0.026). When the diagnostic performance of NNE-Cr was evaluated with serum CA-125 combination, the area under the curve was 0.821 (95% confidence interval 0.713-0.928) with sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 85.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated urinary enolase I, in conjunction with serum CA-125, may be used as a potential biomarker for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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de Kleijn S, Langereis JD, Leentjens J, Kox M, Netea MG, Koenderman L, Ferwerda G, Pickkers P, Hermans PWM. IFN-γ-stimulated neutrophils suppress lymphocyte proliferation through expression of PD-L1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72249. [PMID: 24015224 PMCID: PMC3756078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During systemic inflammation different neutrophil subsets are mobilized to the peripheral blood. These neutrophil subsets can be distinguished from normal circulating neutrophils (CD16bright/CD62Lbright), based on either an immature CD16dim/CD62Lbright or a CD16bright/CD62Ldim phenotype. Interestingly, the latter neutrophil subset is known to suppress lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo, but how neutrophils become suppressive is unknown. We performed transcriptome analysis on the different neutrophil subsets to identify changes in mRNA expression that are relevant for their functions. Neutrophil subsets were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from blood of healthy volunteers that were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (2 ng/kg i.v.) and the transcriptome was determined by microarray analysis. Interestingly, the CD16bright/CD62Ldim suppressive neutrophils showed an interferon-induced transcriptome profile. More importantly, IFN-γ, but not IFN-α or IFN-β stimulated neutrophils, acquired the capacity to suppress lymphocyte proliferation through the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). These data demonstrate that IFN-γ-induced expression of PD-L1 on neutrophils enables suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Specific stimulation of neutrophils present at the inflammatory sites might therefore have a pivotal role in regulating lymphocyte-mediated inflammation and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan de Kleijn
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. Langereis
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jenneke Leentjens
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W. M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lo Tam Loi AT, Hoonhorst SJM, Franciosi L, Bischoff R, Hoffmann RF, Heijink I, van Oosterhout AJM, Boezen HM, Timens W, Postma DS, Lammers JW, Koenderman L, ten Hacken NHT. Acute and chronic inflammatory responses induced by smoking in individuals susceptible and non-susceptible to development of COPD: from specific disease phenotyping towards novel therapy. Protocol of a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002178. [PMID: 23377993 PMCID: PMC3586075 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. Although COPD is a complex disease, diagnosis and staging are still based on simple spirometry measurements. Different COPD phenotypes exist based on clinical, physiological, immunological and radiological observations. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD, but only 15-20% of smokers develop the disease, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Unfortunately, little is known about the pathogenesis of COPD, and even less on the very first steps that are associated with an aberrant response to smoke exposure. This study aims to investigate the underlying local and systemic inflammation of different clinical COPD phenotypes, and acute effects of cigarette smoke exposure in individuals susceptible and non-susceptible for the development of COPD. Furthermore, we will investigate mechanisms associated with corticosteroid insensitivity. Our study will provide valuable information regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the natural course of COPD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This cross-sectional study will include young and old individuals susceptible or non-susceptible to develop COPD. At a young age (18-40 years) 60 'party smokers' will be included who are called susceptible or non-susceptible based on COPD prevalence in smoking family members. In addition, 30 healthy smokers (age 40-75 years) and 110 COPD patients will be included. Measurements will include questionnaires, pulmonary function, low-dose CT scanning of the lung, body composition, 6 min walking distance and biomarkers in peripheral blood, sputum, urine, exhaled breath condensate, epithelial lining fluid, bronchial brushes and biopsies. Non-biased approaches such as proteomics will be performed in blood and epithelial lining fluid. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This multicentre study was approved by the medical ethical committees of UMC Groningen and Utrecht, the Netherlands. The study findings will be presented at conferences and will be reported in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00807469 (study 1) and NCT00850863 (study 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle T Lo Tam Loi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan J M Hoonhorst
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Franciosi
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland F Hoffmann
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Heijink
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick H T ten Hacken
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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