1
|
Yadav SS, Prasad SB, Prasad CB, Pandey LK, Pradhan S, Singh S, Narayan G. CXCL12 is a key regulator in tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer: an in vitro study. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:431-9. [PMID: 26970955 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CXCL12 is a small pro-inflammatory chemo-attractant cytokine which signals through chemokine receptor CXCR4. The importance of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is coming to the fore in several divergent signaling pathway-initiating signals related to cell survival and/or proliferation and cancer metastasis. In the present study we have investigated whether deregulation in CXCR4 signaling (as a consequence of deregulated expression of CXCL12) modulate the metastatic potential of cervical carcinoma cells. We demonstrate that CXCL12 is frequently down regulated and its promoter is hypermethylated in cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumor biopsies. Exogenous treatment of cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa and C-33A) with recombinant CXCL12 inhibited the metastasis promoting cell migration, cell invasion and anchorage independent cell growth events. Although this study will need further in vivo validation, our observations suggest that (a) silencing of CXCL12 in cervical cancer cells may be critical in migration and invasion, the key events in cancer cell metastases; (b) cervical cancer cells having down regulated CXCL12 are more prone to being attracted to CXCL12 expressed at secondary sites of metastases; and (c) CXCL12 inhibits anchorage independent cell growth via anoikis. These findings suggest the tumor suppressor functions of CXCL12 in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Singh Yadav
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shyam Babu Prasad
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Prasad
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Lakshmi Kant Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Satyajit Pradhan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Zoology, MahilaMahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ross CT, Roodgar M, Smith DG. Evolutionary distance of amino acid sequence orthologs across macaque subspecies: identifying candidate genes for SIV resistance in Chinese rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123624. [PMID: 25884674 PMCID: PMC4401517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use the Reciprocal Smallest Distance (RSD) algorithm to identify amino acid sequence orthologs in the Chinese and Indian rhesus macaque draft sequences and estimate the evolutionary distance between such orthologs. We then use GOanna to map gene function annotations and human gene identifiers to the rhesus macaque amino acid sequences. We conclude methodologically by cross-tabulating a list of amino acid orthologs with large divergence scores with a list of genes known to be involved in SIV or HIV pathogenesis. We find that many of the amino acid sequences with large evolutionary divergence scores, as calculated by the RSD algorithm, have been shown to be related to HIV pathogenesis in previous laboratory studies. Four of the strongest candidate genes for SIVmac resistance in Chinese rhesus macaques identified in this study are CDK9, CXCL12, TRIM21, and TRIM32. Additionally, ANKRD30A, CTSZ, GORASP2, GTF2H1, IL13RA1, MUC16, NMDAR1, Notch1, NT5M, PDCD5, RAD50, and TM9SF2 were identified as possible candidates, among others. We failed to find many laboratory experiments contrasting the effects of Indian and Chinese orthologs at these sites on SIVmac pathogenesis, but future comparative studies might hold fertile ground for research into the biological mechanisms underlying innate resistance to SIVmac in Chinese rhesus macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody T. Ross
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
| | - Morteza Roodgar
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Graduate Group of Comparative Pathology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
| | - David Glenn Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis. Davis, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafrafi A, Kaabachi S, Kaabachi W, Chahed B, Amor AB, Mbarik M, Charrad R, Salah MO, Hamzaoui K, Sassi FH. CCR2-64I polymorphism is associated with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Tunisian patients. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:348-54. [PMID: 25797207 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes coding for chemokines may be associated with some cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CCR2-64I and CXCL12-3'A SNPs on the susceptibility and the clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) in the Tunisian population. 170 NSCLC patients and 225 healthy controls screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis were enrolled. A significant association for the homozygous genotype CCR2 64I/64I with lung cancer risk was observed (P=0.004). An increased significant frequency of the -64I allele (P=0.0006) was noted in the patient's group. Clinical analysis indicated a positive association of the -64I allele among squamous cell lung carcinoma patients (P=0.003). The CCR2 mRNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was found highly expressed in NSCLC patients compared to controls. The same higher levels were found in patients carrying the CCR2 64I/64I genotype. No significant association was retrieved with CXCL12-3'A polymorphism. In conclusion, our results revealed that the subjects with -64I allele of CCR2-64I gene polymorphism, expressed a significantly higher risk for NSCLC risk without influence on its pathological progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Rafrafi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Safa Kaabachi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Besma Chahed
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Amira Ben Amor
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Marwa Mbarik
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Rihab Charrad
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Marwa Ouled Salah
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| | - Fayçal Haj Sassi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar II, Tunis 1007, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bharuthram A, Paximadis M, Picton ACP, Tiemessen CT. Comparison of a quantitative Real-Time PCR assay and droplet digital PCR for copy number analysis of the CCL4L genes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 25:28-35. [PMID: 24727646 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The controversy surrounding the findings that copy number variation, of the CCL3 encoding genes, influences HIV-1 infection and disease progression has been in part attributed to the variable results obtained from methods used for copy number evaluation. Like CCL3, the genes encoding the CC chemokine CCL4, also a natural ligand of the CCR5 receptor, are found to occur in population-specific multiple copy number and have been shown to play a protective role against HIV-1. This study evaluated the standard method of quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for CCL4L gene copy number determination. The CCL4 encoding genes are CCL4, occurring in two copies per diploid genome (pdg), and the non-allelic CCL4L genes, comprised of CCL4L1 and CCL4L2, which are both found in multiple copies pdg. Copy number of CCL4L, CCL4L1 and CCL4L2 was determined in a cohort of HIV-1-uninfected individuals from the South African Black (n=23) and Caucasian (n=32) population groups using qPCR and ddPCR. A stronger correlation between the number of CCL4L copies and the sum of CCL4L1 and CCL4L2 copies generated by ddPCR (r=0.99, p<0.0001) compared to qPCR (r=0.87, p<0.0001) was observed. Real-Time qPCR exhibited greater inaccuracy at higher copy numbers which is particularly relevant to our cohort of Black individuals who have a higher range of CCL4L copies (3-6) compared to Caucasians (0-4) and a higher population median (4 and 2, respectively). Medians and ranges of CCL4L1 (Black: 2, 0-4, Caucasian: 0, 0-2) and CCL4L2 (Black: 2, 1-5, Caucasian: 2, 0-3) were also higher in the Black population. Droplet digital PCR was shown to be a far superior method to qPCR for assessment of CCL4 gene copy number variation, the accuracy of which is essential for studies of the contribution of variable gene copy number to phenotypic outcomes of host infection and disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avani Bharuthram
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Paximadis
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Anabela C P Picton
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|