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Torelli FR, Rodrigues-Peres RM, Monteiro I, Lopes-Cendes I, Bahamondes L, Juliato CRT. Gene expression associated with unfavorable vaginal bleeding in women using the etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11062. [PMID: 38745005 PMCID: PMC11093992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate gene expression associated with unfavorable vaginal bleeding in users of the Etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant. Prospective study involving 100 women who intended to use the ENG implant. Exclusion criteria included abnormal uterine bleeding, inability to attend a 1-year follow-up, and implant removal for reasons unrelated to vaginal bleeding or loss of follow-up. We obtained endometrial biopsies before implant placement and assessed the expression of 20 selected genes. Users maintained a uterine bleeding diary for 12 months post-implant placement. For statistical analysis, we categorized women into those with or without favorable vaginal bleeding at 3 and 12 months. Women with lower CXCL1 expression had a 6.8-fold increased risk of unfavorable vaginal bleeding at 3 months (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.21-20.79, p < 0.001), while those with higher BCL6 and BMP6 expression had 6- and 5.1-fold increased risks, respectively. By the 12-month follow-up, women with lower CXCL1 expression had a 5.37-fold increased risk of unfavorable vaginal bleeding (OR 5.37, 95% CI 1.63-17.73, p = 0.006). Women with CXCL1 expression < 0.0675, BCL6 > 0.65, and BMP6 > 3.4 had a higher likelihood of experiencing unfavorable vaginal bleeding at 3 months, and CXCL1 < 0.158 at 12 months. Users of ENG contraceptive implants with elevated BCL6 and BMP6 expression exhibited a higher risk of breakthrough bleeding at the 3-month follow-up. Conversely, reduced CXCL1 expression was associated with an elevated risk of bleeding at both the 3 and 12-month follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia R Torelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Rodrigues-Peres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilza Monteiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Bahamondes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia R T Juliato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming 101, Campinas, SP, 13083-881, Brazil.
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Kahm YJ, Kim IG, Kim RK. Regulation of cancer stem cells by CXCL1, a chemokine whose secretion is controlled by MCM2. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:319. [PMID: 38454443 PMCID: PMC10921750 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high expression pattern of minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) has been observed in various cancers. MCM2 is a protein involved in the cell cycle and plays a role in cancer growth and differentiation by binding to six members of the MCM subfamily. The MCM protein family includes MCM2 through MCM7. METHODS MCM2 has shown high expression in both lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and glioma stem cells (GSCs). We investigated the characteristics of CSCs and the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon in LCSCs and GSCs by MCM2. Additionally, we explored secreted factors regulated by MCM2. RESULTS There was a significant difference in survival rates between lung cancer patients and brain cancer patients based on MCM2 expression. MCM2 was found to regulate both markers and regulatory proteins in LCSCs. Moreover, MCM2 is thought to be involved in cancer metastasis by regulating cell migration and invasion, not limited to lung cancer but also identified in glioma. Among chemokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) was found to be regulated by MCM2. CONCLUSIONS MCM2 not only participates in the cell cycle but also affects cancer cell growth by regulating the external microenvironment to create a favorable environment for cells. MCM2 is highly expressed in malignant carcinomas, including CSCs, and contributes to the malignancy of various cancers. Therefore, MCM2 may represent a crucial target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Kahm
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, 34057, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-Gu, 34113, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, 34057, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-Gu, 34113, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, 34057, Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-Gu, 34113, Daejeon, Korea.
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Zhang X, Guo Y, Xiao T, Li J, Guo A, Lei L, Jin C, Long Q, Su J, Yin M, Liu H, Chen C, Zhou Z, Zhu S, Tao J, Hu S, Chen X, Peng C. CD147 mediates epidermal malignant transformation through the RSK2/AP-1 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:246. [PMID: 35964097 PMCID: PMC9375950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malignant transformation of the epidermis is an essential process in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC). Although evidence has demonstrated that CD147 plays key roles in various tumors, the role of CD147 in epidermal malignant transformation in vivo remains unclear.
Methods
Epidermal CD147-overexpression or knockout (EpiCD147-OE or EpiCD147-KO) transgenic mouse models were generated for in vivo study. RNA-sequencing and q-PCR were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the role of CD147 in regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immunoprecipitation, EMSA and ChIP assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of CD147 in cell transformation.
Results
We found that specific overexpression of CD147 in the epidermis (EpiCD147-OE) induces spontaneous tumor formation; moreover, a set of chemokines and cytokines including CXCL1, which play essential function in MDSC recruitment, were significantly upregulated in EpiCD147-OE transgenic mice. As expected, overexpression of CD147 in the epidermis remarkably facilitated tumorigenesis by increasing the rate of tumor initiation and the number and size of tumors in the DMBA/TPA mouse model. Interestingly, the expression of CXCL1 and the infiltration of MDSCs were dramatically increased in EpiCD147-OE transgenic mice. Our findings also showed that knockdown of CD147 attenuated EGF-induced malignant transformation as well as CXCL1 expression in HaCaT cells. Consistently, CD147 was found overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and positively related with the expression of CD33, a myeloid-associated marker. We further identified RSK2, a serine/threonine kinase, as an interacting partner of CD147 at the binding site of CD147D207-230. The interaction of CD147 and RSK2 activated RSK2, thus enhancing AP-1 transcriptional activation. Furthermore, EMSAs and ChIP assays showed that AP-1 could associate with the CXCL1 promoter. Importantly, RSK2 inhibitor suppressed the tumor growth in DMBA/TPA mouse model by inhibiting the recruitment of MDSCs.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that CD147 exerts a key function in epidermal malignant transformation in vivo by activating keratinocytes and recruiting MDSCs via the RSK2/AP-1 pathway.
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The Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Abdominal Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137151. [PMID: 35806156 PMCID: PMC9266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is a CXC chemokine, CXCR2 ligand and chemotactic factor for neutrophils. In this paper, we present a review of the role of the chemokine CXCL1 in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the oral cavity and abdominal organs (gingiva, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys). We focus on the importance of CXCL1 on implantation and placentation as well as on human pluripotent stem cells. We also show the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the abdominal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity (periodontal diseases, periodontitis, Sjögren syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), HBV and HCV infection, liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), obesity and overweight, kidney transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury, endometriosis and adenomyosis).
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Freitag N, Baston-Buest DM, Kruessel JS, Markert UR, Fehm TN, Bielfeld AP. Eutopic endometrial immune profile of infertility-patients with and without endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ngamsri KC, Putri RA, Jans C, Schindler K, Fuhr A, Zhang Y, Gamper-Tsigaras J, Ehnert S, Konrad FM. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13576. [PMID: 34948374 PMCID: PMC8709064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b-/- mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b-/- animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Rizki A. Putri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Christoph Jans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Katharina Schindler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Anika Fuhr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Jutta Gamper-Tsigaras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (K.-C.N.); (R.A.P.); (C.J.); (K.S.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.-T.)
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Ma C, Liu G, Liu W, Xu W, Li H, Piao S, Sui Y, Feng W. CXCL1 stimulates decidual angiogenesis via the VEGF-A pathway during the first trimester of pregnancy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2989-2998. [PMID: 33770315 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to establishing a successful pregnancy. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is an important chemokine involved in the processes of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis; however, little is known about its role in decidual angiogenesis. Effects of CXCL1 on cell proliferation and migration (propidium iodide staining and wound healing assays) of HUVEC cells were determined. The angiogenesis roles of CXCL1 in HUVEC-HTR8/SVneo co-culture system were detected by the tube formation assay. Signal transduction pathways in HUVEC cells in response to CXCL1 were determined by in-cell western analyses. In vivo, mice were injected with (1) PBS (Group A) or (2) CXCL1-neutralizing antibody (Group B) or (3) CXCL1-neutralizing antibody plus recombinant VEGF-A protein (Group C) from E1 to E5 and sacrificed at E6.5 of pregnancy. The decidual angiogenesis in mice was examined by immunohistochemistry of cluster designation 34 (CD34), and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the decidual cells and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in decidual vascular endothelial cells were also tested. Exogenous recombinant human CXCL1 supported endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and this effect was blocked by CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. The tube formation of HUVEC-HTR8/SVneo co-culture system was significantly stimulated by CXCL1, but this effect was markedly abrogated once they were pretreated with CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. In addition, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in HUVEC cells was increased by CXCL1, and this level was suppressed by CXCL1-neutralizing antibody or CXCR2 inhibitor SB265610. In vivo, compared with Group A (n = 3), decidual angiogenesis was significantly reduced in Group B by CD34 immunostaining. But compared with Group B, decidual angiogenesis was significantly increased in Group C. In addition, the expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 was significantly increased after neutralizing of CXCL1 in Group B. In conclusions, CXCL1 may play essential roles in decidual angiogenesis during the first trimester, and this function may be mediated in part via altering VEGF-A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Hongtu Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Shuhua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wenhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Liaoning Province Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, 10 PuHe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China.
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CX3CR1 Depletion Promotes the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Aggravates Acute Peritonitis. Shock 2021; 56:287-297. [PMID: 33481549 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis is a life-threatening condition on intensive care units. Inflammatory cytokines and their receptors drive inflammation, cause the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) and therefore the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the inflamed tissue. CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are expressed in various cells, and promote inflammation. The shedding of CX3CL1 is mediated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17. The role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in acute peritonitis remains elusive. METHODS In zymosan-induced peritonitis, we determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and the expression of PNC-related molecules on PNCs. PMN migration into the peritoneal lavage was evaluated in wild-type (WT) and CX3CR1-/- animals by flow cytometry. CX3CL1, ADAM17, and the expression of various inflammatory cytokines were detected. Further, we determined the inflammation-associated activation of the intracellular transcription factor extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by Western blot. RESULTS The PMN accumulation in the peritoneal lavage and the PNC formation in the circulation were significantly raised in CX3CR1-/- compared with WT animals. The expression of PNC-related selectins on PNCs was significantly increased in the blood of CX3CR1-/- animals, as well as cytokine levels. Further, we observed an increased activation of ERK1/2 and elevated ADAM17 expression in CX3CR1-/- during acute inflammation. Selective ERK1/2 inhibition ameliorated inflammation-related increased ADAM17 expression. CONCLUSIONS A CX3CR1 deficiency raised the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased the PNC formation respectively PMN migration via an elevated ERK1/2 activation during acute peritonitis. Further, we observed a link between the ERK1/2 activation and an elevated ADAM17 expression on PNC-related platelets and PMNs during inflammation. Our data thus illustrate a crucial role of CX3CR1 on the formation of PNCs and regulating inflammation in acute peritonitis.
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Shao Q, Liu X, Huang Y, Chen X, Wang H. Human Decidual Stromal Cells in Early Pregnancy Induce Functional Re-Programming of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells via Crosstalk Between G-CSF and IL-1β. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574270. [PMID: 33193360 PMCID: PMC7652738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) is a special characteristic of the decidual microenvironment. Decidua-infiltrated DCs show unique phenotypes and functions that promote the establishment of fetal-maternal tolerance. However, the regulatory mechanisms yet to be fully investigated. Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the major cellular component of decidua tissue. The interactions between DSCs and decidua-infiltrated immunocytes dictate immune tolerance in early pregnancy. Therefore, in the present study, we explore the effect of early pregnancy DSCs on monocyte-derived DCs and the relevant mechanisms. DSC-conditioned DCs showed altered phenotypes, secretion profiles and Th2 priming potential. G-CSF concentration was significantly up-regulated in the co-culture supernatant between DSCs and DCs. Supplementation of G-CSF neutralizing antibody partly reversed the reprogramming of DCs mediated by DSCs. Furthermore, G-CSF production was promoted by IL-1β, which was mainly produced by DCs and significantly up-regulated after their cultivation with DSCs. Interestingly, the effects of DSC on IL-1β production of DCs occurred in their immature stage but not their mature stage. Lastly, no significant difference of G-CSF was found in DSCs from healthy early pregnancy women and spontaneous abortions (SA) patients. However, DSCs from SA patients secreted less G-CSF in response to exogenous rhIL-1β or DC cultivation. In conclusion, our study bolster the understanding of the decidual immunomodulatory microenvironment during early pregnancy, and brings new insight into the potential clinical value of G-CSF in pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shao
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huayang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Medfai H, Khalil A, Rousseau A, Nuyens V, Paumann-Page M, Sevcnikar B, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Moguilevsky N, Peulen O, Herfs M, Castronovo V, Amri M, Van Antwerpen P, Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K. Human peroxidasin 1 promotes angiogenesis through ERK1/2, Akt, and FAK pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:463-475. [PMID: 29982533 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The term angiogenesis refers to sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. The angiogenic process involves cell migration and tubulogenesis requiring interaction between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix. Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) is a multidomain heme peroxidase found embedded in the basement membranes. As it promotes the stabilization of extracellular matrix, we investigated its possible role in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Methods and results We analysed the effects of peroxidasin 1 gene silencing and supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01 in TeloHAEC endothelial cells on cell migration, tubulogenesis in matrigel, and intracellular signal transduction as assessed by kinase phosphorylation and expression of pro-angiogenic genes as measured by qRT-PCR. We further evaluated the angiogenic potential of recombinant peroxidasin in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. RNA silencing of endogenous hsPxd01 significantly reduced tube formation and cell migration, whereas supplementation by the recombinant peroxidase promoted tube formation in vitro and stimulated vascularization in vivo through its catalytic activity. Moreover, recombinant hsPxd01 promoted phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK1/2), Protein kinase B (Akt), and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), and induced the expression of pro-angiogenic downstream genes: Platelet Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB), endothelial-derived Heparin Binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), CXCL-1, Hairy-Related Transcription Factor 1 (HEY-1), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID-2), Snail Family Zinc Finger 1 (SNAI-1), as well as endogenous hsPxd01. However, peroxidasin silencing significantly reduced Akt and FAK phosphorylation but induced ERK1/2 activation after supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01. While hsPxd01 silencing significantly reduced expression of HEY-1, ID-2, and PDGFB, it did not affect expression of SNAI-1, HB-EGF, and CXCL-1 after supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01. Conclusion Our findings suggest a role of enzymatically active peroxidasin 1 as a pro-angiogenic peroxidase and a modulator of ERK1/2, Akt and FAK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfa Medfai
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium.,Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 20 Rue de Tolède, 2092 Manar II, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Alia Khalil
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Moguilevsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael Herfs
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 20 Rue de Tolède, 2092 Manar II, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la plaine CP205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; and
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
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11
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Haderski GJ, Kandar BM, Brackett CM, Toshkov IM, Johnson CP, Paszkiewicz GM, Natarajan V, Gleiberman AS, Gudkov AV, Burdelya LG. TLR5 agonist entolimod reduces the adverse toxicity of TNF while preserving its antitumor effects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227940. [PMID: 32027657 PMCID: PMC7004342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is capable of inducing regression of solid tumors. However, TNF released in response to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the key mediator of cytokine storm and septic shock that can cause severe tissue damage limiting anticancer applications of this cytokine. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that activation of another Toll-like receptor, TLR5, could protect from tissue damage caused by a variety of stresses including radiation, chemotherapy, Fas-activating antibody and ischemia-reperfusion. In this study, we tested whether entolimod could counteract TNF-induced toxicity in mouse models. We found that entolimod pretreatment effectively protects livers and lungs from LPS- and TNF-induced toxicity and prevents mortality caused by combining either of these agents with the sensitizer, D-galactosamine. While LPS and TNF induced significant activation of apoptotic caspase 3/7, lipid tissue peroxidation and serum ALT accumulation in mice without entolimod treatment, these indicators of toxicity were reduced by entolimod pretreatment to the levels of untreated control mice. Entolimod was effective when injected 0.5–48 hours prior to, but not when injected simultaneously or after LPS or TNF. Using chimeric mice with hematopoiesis differing in its TLR5 status from the rest of tissues, we showed that this protective activity was dependent on TLR5 expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Gene expression analysis identified multiple genes upregulated by entolimod in the liver and cultured hepatocytes as possible mediators of its protective activity. Entolimod did not interfere with the antitumor activity of TNF in mouse hepatocellular and colorectal tumor models. These results support further development of TLR5 agonists to increase tissue resistance to cytotoxic cytokines, reduce the risk of septic shock and enable safe systemic application of TNF as an anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Haderski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | - Bojidar M. Kandar
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | - Craig M. Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | - Ilia M. Toshkov
- Genome Protection, Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Johnson
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | - Geraldine M. Paszkiewicz
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | - Venkatesh Natarajan
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
| | | | - Andrei V. Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
- * E-mail: (LGB); (AVG)
| | - Lyudmila G. Burdelya
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States America
- * E-mail: (LGB); (AVG)
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12
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Gärtner MA, Peter S, Jung M, Drillich M, Einspanier R, Gabler C. Increased mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory factors in inflamed bovine endometrium in vivo as well as in endometrial epithelial cells exposed to Bacillus pumilus in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 28:982-994. [PMID: 25562589 DOI: 10.1071/rd14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium plays a crucial role in the first immune response to invading bacteria by producing cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the first inflammatory response of the endometrium in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression of several pro-inflammatory factors and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, -4, -6) was determined in endometrial cytobrush samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Endometrial epithelial cells were co-cultured with an isolated autochthonous uterine bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus. Total RNA was extracted from in vivo and in vitro samples and subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CXC ligands (CXCL) 1/2 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 mRNA expression was higher in cows with subclinical endometritis and CXCL3 mRNA expression was higher in cows with clinical endometritis compared with healthy cows. B. pumilus induced cell death of epithelial cells within 24h of co-culturing. The presence of B. pumilus resulted in significantly higher mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL1A), IL6, IL8, CXCL1-3 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in co-cultured cells compared with untreated controls. The maximum increase was mainly detected after 2h. These results support the hypothesis that bacterial infection of endometrial cells might induce prompt synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in a local inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina A Gärtner
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Peter
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Jung
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, 16321 Bernau, Germany
| | - Marc Drillich
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Gabler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Syndecan-1 Acts as an Important Regulator of CXCL1 Expression and Cellular Interaction of Human Endometrial Stromal and Trophoblast Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8379256. [PMID: 28293067 PMCID: PMC5331292 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8379256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful implantation of the embryo into the human receptive endometrium is substantial for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy. This study focusses on the role of Syndecan-1 at the embryo-maternal interface, the multitasking coreceptor influencing ligand concentration, release and receptor presentation, and cellular morphology. CXC motif ligand 1, being involved in chemotaxis and angiogenesis during implantation, is of special interest as a ligand of Syndecan-1. Human endometrial stromal cells with and without Syndecan-1 knock-down were decidualized and treated with specific inhibitors to evaluate signaling pathways regulating CXC ligand 1 expression. Western blot analyses of MAPK and Wnt members were performed, followed by analysis of spheroid interactions between human endometrial cells and extravillous trophoblast cells. By mimicking embryo contact using IL-1β, we showed less ERK and c-Jun activation by depletion of Syndecan-1 and less Frizzled 4 production as part of the canonical Wnt pathway. Additionally, more beta-catenin was phosphorylated and therefore degraded after depletion of Syndecan-1. Secretion of CXC motif ligand 1 depends on MEK-1 with respect to Syndecan-1. Regarding the interaction of endometrial and trophoblast cells, the spheroid center-to-center distances were smaller after depletion of Syndecan-1. Therefore, Syndecan-1 seems to affect signaling processes relevant to signaling and intercellular interaction at the trophoblast-decidual interface.
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14
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Lee CH, Syu SH, Liu KJ, Chu PY, Yang WC, Lin P, Shieh WY. Interleukin-1 beta transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38866-80. [PMID: 26462152 PMCID: PMC4770743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways and chronic inflammation are common characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we reported that OSCC cells secrete interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which promotes the proliferation of the oral premalignant cell line, DOK, and stimulates DOK and OSCC cells to produce the chemokine CXCL1. CXCL1 functions through CXCR2, a G protein-coupled receptor that transactivates EGFR in ovarian and lung cancers. We hypothesized that IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1–CXCR2 axis in OSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR is crucial for the IL-1β-mediated proliferation and subsequent bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation of DOK cells because the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and erlotinib inhibit these abilities in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of IL-1β instantly enhanced CXCL1 expression and secretion (within 15 min) in the DOK and OSCC cell lines. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was significantly enhanced in DOK (1 h) and OSCC (20 min) cell lines after IL-1β treatment, and both cell lines were inhibited on the addition of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). CXCL1 treatment resulted in EGFR phosphorylation, whereas the knockdown of CXCL1 expression by lentivirus-mediated shRNA or the addition of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 dramatically reduced IL-1β-mediated EGFR phosphorylation and proliferation of DOK cells. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-1β or CXCL1 markedly inhibited the constitutive or IL-1β-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in OSCC cells. IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis, revealing a novel molecular network in OSCC that is associated with autocrine IL-1β and EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Syu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Shieh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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15
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Guha D, Klamar CR, Reinhart T, Ayyavoo V. Transcriptional Regulation of CXCL5 in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages and Its Functional Consequences on CNS Pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:373-84. [PMID: 25536401 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected monocytes/macrophages and microglia release increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including ELR+ (containing glutamic acid-leucine-arginine motif) chemokines. To investigate the role of HIV-1 infection on chemokine regulation, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from normal donors were infected with HIV-1 and the expression of chemokines and their downstream biological functions were evaluated. Among the tested chemokines, CXCL5 was upregulated significantly both at the mRNA and protein level in the HIV-1-infected MDMs compared with mock-infected cultures. Upregulation of CXCL5 in the HIV-1-infected MDMs is, in part, regulated by increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Functional analyses indicate that HIV-1-induced overexpression of CXCL5 has enhanced the ability to attract neutrophils, as observed by chemotaxis assay. However, exposure of NT2, SH-SY5Y cells, and primary neurons to HIV-1-infected MDM supernatants resulted in cell death that was not rescued by anti-CXCL5 antibody suggesting that CXCL5 does not have direct effect on neuronal death. Together, these results suggest that the increased level of CXCL5 in tissue compartments, including the central nervous system of HIV-1-infected individuals might alter the inflammatory response through the infiltration of neutrophils into tissue compartment, thus causing secondary effects on resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Guha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Gellersen B, Brosens JJ. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:851-905. [PMID: 25141152 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decidualization denotes the transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into specialized secretory decidual cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for embryo implantation and placental development. In contrast to most mammals, decidualization of the human endometrium does not require embryo implantation. Instead, this process is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and increasing local cAMP production. In response to falling progesterone levels, spontaneous decidualization causes menstrual shedding and cyclic regeneration of the endometrium. A growing body of evidence indicates that the shift from embryonic to maternal control of the decidual process represents a pivotal evolutionary adaptation to the challenge posed by invasive and chromosomally diverse human embryos. This concept is predicated on the ability of decidualizing stromal cells to respond to individual embryos in a manner that either promotes implantation and further development or facilitates early rejection. Furthermore, menstruation and cyclic regeneration involves stem cell recruitment and renders the endometrium intrinsically capable of adapting its decidual response to maximize reproductive success. Here we review the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine cues that tightly govern this differentiation process. In response to activation of various signaling pathways and genome-wide chromatin remodeling, evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors gain access to the decidua-specific regulatory circuitry. Once initiated, the decidual process is poised to transit through distinct phenotypic phases that underpin endometrial receptivity, embryo selection, and, ultimately, resolution of pregnancy. We discuss how disorders that subvert the programming, initiation, or progression of decidualization compromise reproductive health and predispose for pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gellersen
- Endokrinologikum Hamburg (B.G.), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and Division of Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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