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Menditti D, Santagata M, Imola G, Staglianò S, Vitagliano R, Boschetti CE, Inchingolo AM. Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 37763165 PMCID: PMC10532745 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers worldwide. The gold standard for OSCC diagnosis is still histopathology but this narrative multidisciplinary review has the aim to explore the literature about conventional OSCC prognostic indicators related to the pTNM stage at the diagnosis such as the depth of invasion and the lymphovascular invasion associated with distant metastasis as indicators of poor life expectancy. Despite its multifactorial nature and recognizable precursors, its diagnosis at the early stages is still challenging. We wanted to highlight the importance of the screening as a primary weapon that a stomatologist should consider, intercepting all at-risk conditions and lesions associated with OSCC and its early stages. This narrative review also overviews the most promising imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and US-echography, and their application related to clinical and surgical practice, but also the most-investigated prognostic and diagnostic tissue and salivary biomarkers helpful in OSCC diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Our work highlighted remarkable potential biomarkers that could have a leading role in the future. However, we are still far from defining an appropriate and concrete protocol to apply in clinical practice. The hope is that the present and future research will overcome these limitations to benefit patients, clinicians, and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Gianmaria Imola
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Rita Vitagliano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
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PCR Detection of HHV8 DNA in the Saliva of Removable Denture Wearers Compared to Dentate Cases in Shiraz, South of Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9358947. [PMID: 32382580 PMCID: PMC7182977 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9358947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Result In the denture wearers, HHV8 DNA was detected in 11 cases. Two of the controls amplified HHV8 DNA. Fisher's exact test demonstrates a significant difference between virus infection and using removable dentures (p = 0.015). Conclusion Our findings suggested that HHV8 detection could be associated with use of denture.
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Casaroto AR, da Silva RA, Salmeron S, Rezende MLRD, Dionísio TJ, Santos CFD, Pinke KH, Klingbeil MFG, Salomão PA, Lopes MMR, Lara VS. Candida albicans-Cell Interactions Activate Innate Immune Defense in Human Palate Epithelial Primary Cells via Nitric Oxide (NO) and β-Defensin 2 (hBD-2). Cells 2019; 8:cells8070707. [PMID: 31336838 PMCID: PMC6678605 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of Candida albicans in the biofilm underlying the dental prosthesis is related to denture stomatitis (DS), an inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa. The oral epithelium, a component of the innate immune response, has the ability to react to fungal invasion. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of viable C. albicans on the apoptosis, nitric oxide (NO) production, and β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) expression and production of human palate epithelial cells (HPECs). We further determined whether or not these effects were correlated with fungal invasion of epithelial cells. Interaction between HPEC primary culture and C. albicans was obtained through either direct or indirect cell–cell contact with a supernatant from a hyphal fungus. We found that the hyphae supernatants were sufficient to induce slight HPEC apoptosis, which occurred prior to the activation of the specific mechanisms of epithelial defense. The epithelial defense responses were found to occur via NO and antimicrobial peptide hBD-2 production only during direct contact between C. albicans and HPECs and coincided with the fungus’s intraepithelial invasion. However, although the hBD-2 levels remained constant in the HPEC supernatants over time, the NO release and hBD-2 gene expression were reduced at a later time (10 h), indicating that the epithelial defense capacity against the fungal invasion was not maintained in later phases. This aspect of the immune response was associated with increased epithelial invasion and apoptosis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Regina Casaroto
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Alves da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Samira Salmeron
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Rubo de Rezende
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Henriette Pinke
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Aranda Salomão
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Milanda Ribeiro Lopes
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Ponce JB, Midena RZ, Pinke KH, Weckwerth PH, Andrade FBD, Lara VS. In vitro treatment of Enterococcus faecalis with calcium hydroxide impairs phagocytosis by human macrophages. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:158-163. [PMID: 30618320 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1533142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) ability to phagocytize and produce nitric oxide (NO) was tested against root-canal strains of Enterococcus faecalis submitted to alkaline stress. Root-canal strains were also compared with urine Enterococci. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis were stressed with alkaline-BHI broth and incubated in vitro at a cell/bacteria ratio of 1:5. Phagocytosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange stain, and NO concentration was measured in supernatants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Alkaline-stress significantly impaired MDMs phagocytosis of E. faecalis strains analyzed, except in ATCC4083 isolated from a pulpless tooth, but NO production was unchanged. Comparison of different strains showed the urine isolate had higher NO levels than root canal strains. Alterations in the bacterial cell wall structures after alkaline-stress possibly made bacteria less recognizable and phagocytized by MDMs but did not affect their ability to activate NO production. Furthermore, root canal strains elicited different responses by immune cells compared with strains from urine. Clinically, impaired phagocytosis of E. faecalis could contribute to their persistence in root canal systems previously treated with calcium hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Burgos Ponce
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Raquel Zanin Midena
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Karen Henriette Pinke
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Tamai R, Kiyoura Y. Heat-killed Candida albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:555-566. [PMID: 30656591 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans can enhance the invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis, although the fungus is not a periodontal pathogen. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans augments proinflammatory cytokine production by mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells incubated with synthetic bacterial components. Mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells, mouse primary splenocytes, human THP-1 cells, and A549 cells were pretreated with or without heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) or substitutes for C. albicans cell wall components in 96-well flat-bottomed plates. Cells were then washed and incubated with Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, or lipid A, a TLR4 ligand. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secreted IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. HKCA augmented TLR ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by J774.1 cells, mouse splenocytes, and THP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. However, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α production induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A was not augmented when cells were pretreated with curdlan, a dectin-1 ligand, or mannan, a dectin-2 ligand. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with TLR ligands upregulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not MCP-1, induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. The results suggest that C. albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced cytokine production by J774.1 cells via the TLR pathway, but not the dectin-1 or dectin-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan
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Keşoğlu AC, Bural C, Genç GE, Erturan Z, Çınar Kekik Ç, Oğuz F, Bilgin T, Bilhan H. Cytokine gene polymorphism in denture stomatitis patients: A clinical study. Oral Dis 2018; 24:983-992. [PMID: 29423993 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study investigated the association between cytokine gene polymorphism and Candida growth in denture stomatitis (DS) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Saliva and blood samples of 160 complete denture wearers (80 healthy controls and 80 with DS) were collected for mycological and gene polymorphism testing, respectively. Salivary Candida growth and TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 genotypes were investigated. Data were analyzed using Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square analysis, and continuity (yates) correction tests (p < .05). RESULTS Candida albicans colony counts in saliva were significantly higher in the DS group and in the TNF-α GG genotype (p < .05). TGF-β TC GG and TGF-β CC GG haplotypes were significantly higher in DS and control groups, respectively (p < .05). C. albicans colony counts were significantly higher in control group in the TGF-β TC GG haplotype (p < .05). Candida glabrata colony counts were significantly higher in the DS group than the control group in IL-6 GG genotype (p < .05). The difference between DS types in IL-6 genotypes was significant with lower expression level in DS type 3 than DS type 1 and also type 2 (p ≤ .01). CONCLUSION The significant differences in some genotypes of the TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 in DS patients are promising in understanding the host defense in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Keşoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C Bural
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G E Genç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Erturan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ç Çınar Kekik
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Oğuz
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Bilgin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Bilhan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Health, School of Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Gardizani TP, Pinke KH, Lima HGD, Lara VS. Phagocytosis and nitric oxide production by peritoneal adherent cells in response to Candida albicans in aging: a collaboration to elucidate the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:265-273. [PMID: 28678945 PMCID: PMC5482249 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly denture wearers are commonly affected by Candida-associated denture stomatitis (DS), an inflammatory process of the oral mucosa strongly associated with Candida spp and other microorganisms, as well as local and systemic factors. The impaired immune response against pathogens is among the inherent host factors that have been also associated with the pathogenesis of DS. Mononuclear phagocytes respond to the pathogens through phagocytosis followed by the production of several substances inside the phagosomes, among them are the reactive nitrogen species (RNS). A failure in these mechanisms may contribute to the DS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Priscila Gardizani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Cirurgia, Estomatologia, Patologia e Radiologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Karen Henriette Pinke
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Cirurgia, Estomatologia, Patologia e Radiologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Heliton Gustavo de Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Cirurgia, Estomatologia, Patologia e Radiologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Cirurgia, Estomatologia, Patologia e Radiologia. Bauru, SP, Brasil
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The leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin (Ig)–like receptor-1 modulating cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines secretion in THP-1 cells after Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Derafshi R, Bazargani A, Ghapanchi J, Izadi Y, Khorshidi H. Isolation and Identification of Nonoral Pathogenic Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of Patients with Removable Dentures. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:197-201. [PMID: 28852636 PMCID: PMC5558254 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_90_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: Dentures in the oral cavity may act as a reservoir of microorganisms, which may be related to systemic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the nonoral pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of patients with removable dentures in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods: The bacterial flora of saliva samples from 50 men and 50 women with removable dentures and 100 age- and sex-matched controls with normal dentate were compared using culture, Gram staining, and API20E Kit methods. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Except for Enterobacter cloacae isolate (P = 0.03), there was no significant difference between both groups for the presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Raoultella planticola, Kluyvera spp., and Enterobacter aerogenes. No significant correlation was noticed between age and presence of bacteria in the oral cavity. The Gram-negative rod bacteria were more in males, but the difference was not significant. When a total of Gram-negative rods were considered, there was a significant difference between case and control groups (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Based on our findings that nonoral pathogenic bacteria are detected from the saliva of the denture wearers, general and oral health measures in patients with removable dentures should be adopted to decrease the risk of cross infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Derafshi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Bazargani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jannan Ghapanchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yazdan Izadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Department of Dental Implant, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen R, Han Z, Huang Z, Karki J, Wang C, Zhu B, Zhang X. Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and mechanical behavior of nano-enhanced denture base resin with different kinds of inorganic antibacterial agents. Dent Mater J 2017; 36:693-699. [PMID: 28701638 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silanized aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) of 4 wt%, silanized zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) of 2 wt% were mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powder to get ZrO2-ABWs/PMMA composites. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver-supported titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2), silver-supported zirconium phosphate (Novaron) and tetrapod-like zinc oxide whiskers (T-ZnOw) antibacterial agents of 3 wt% were mixed with ZrO2-ABWs/PMMA composites respectively to fabricate standard specimens. Plaque biofilms on the specimens surface were investigated for colony-forming units (CFUs). In addition, cytotoxicity and mechanical behavior were evaluated. Results showed that the CFUs values of S. mutans and C. albican biofilms on the four antibacterial composites surface were all reduced (p<0.05) compared to the blank and control groups. The antibacterial composites did not have an adverse effect on fibroblast growth in this study (p>0.05) except TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 groups of undiluted extracts. The flexural strength and surface hardness of Novaron and T-ZnOw groups were increased (p<0.05) compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Zhihui Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Zhuoli Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Junu Karki
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Chenxin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Bangshang Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiuyin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
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