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Hall WL, Alkoblan A, Gibson PS, D'Annibale M, Coekaerts A, Bauer M, Bruce JH, Lecomte B, Penhoat A, Laugerette F, Michalski MC, Salt LJ, Wilde PJ, Berry SE. Postprandial lipid and vascular responses following consumption of a commercially-relevant interesterified palmitic acid-rich spread in comparison to functionally-equivalent non-interesterified spread and spreadable butter: a randomised controlled trial in healthy adults. Food Funct 2024; 15:2733-2750. [PMID: 38380649 PMCID: PMC10911404 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Interesterification is an industrial processing technique used widely where hard fats are essential for functionality and consumer acceptability, e.g. margarines and lower fat spreads. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare acute cardiovascular effects of functionally equivalent spreads (similar solid fat content) made with interesterified (IE) or non-IE palm-based fats, or spreadable butter. Methods: A randomised, controlled, 4-armed crossover, double-blind study (25 men, 25 women; 35-75 years; healthy; mean BMI 24.5, SD 3.8), compared effects of mixed nutrient meals containing 50 g fat from functionally equivalent products [IE spread, non-IE spread and spreadable butter (SB), with rapeseed oil (RO) as a reference treatment: with 16.7%, 27.9%, 19.3% and 4% palmitic acid, respectively] on 8 h postprandial changes in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and endothelial dysfunction (flow-mediated dilatation; FMD). Circulating reactive oxygen species (estimated using a neutrophil oxidative burst assay), glucose, insulin, NEFA, lipoprotein particle profiles, inflammatory markers (glycoprotein acetylation (Glyc-A) and IL-6), and biomarkers of endotoxemia were measured. Results: Postprandial plasma TAG concentrations after test meals were similar. However following RO versus the 3 spreads, there were significantly higher postprandial apolipoprotein B concentrations, and small HDL and LDL particle concentrations, and lower postprandial extra-large, large, and medium HDL particle concentrations, as well as smaller average HDL and LDL particle sizes. There were no differences following IE compared to the other spreads. Postprandial FMD% did not decrease after high-fat test meals, and there were no differences between treatments. Postprandial serum IL-6 increased similarly after test meals, but RO provoked a greater increase in postprandial concentrations of glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), as well as 8 h sCD14, an endotoxemia marker. All other postprandial outcomes were not different between treatments. Conclusions: In healthy adults, a commercially-available IE-based spread did not evoke a different postprandial triacylglycerol, lipoprotein subclass, oxidative stress, inflammatory or endotoxemic response to functionally-equivalent, but compositionally-distinct alternative spreads. Clinical trial registry number: NCT03438084 (https://ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
| | - Aseel Alkoblan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philippa S Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
| | - Maria D'Annibale
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
| | - Astrid Coekaerts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
| | - Mathilde Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
| | | | - Beryle Lecomte
- CarMeN Laboratory INRAE, INSERM U1060, INRAE UMR1397, University of Lyon, France
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- CarMeN Laboratory INRAE, INSERM U1060, INRAE UMR1397, University of Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- CarMeN Laboratory INRAE, INSERM U1060, INRAE UMR1397, University of Lyon, France
| | | | - Louise J Salt
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, UK
| | - Peter J Wilde
- Food Innovation and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, Stamford St., London, UK.
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Tanaka Y, Ogata H, Park I, Ando A, Ishihara A, Kayaba M, Yajima K, Suzuki C, Araki A, Osumi H, Zhang S, Seol J, Takahashi K, Nabekura Y, Satoh M, Tokuyama K. Effect of a single bout of morning or afternoon exercise on glucose fluctuation in young healthy men. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14784. [PMID: 33904659 PMCID: PMC8077162 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of exercise plays an important role in the effect of the exercise on physiological functions, such as substrate oxidation and circadian rhythm. Exercise exerts different effects on the glycemic response to exercise and meal intake depending on when the exercise performed. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of the timing (morning or afternoon) of exercise on glucose fluctuation on the basis of several indices: glycemic variability over 24 h (24-h SD), J-index, mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Eleven young men participated in 3 trials in a repeated measures design in which they performed a single bout of exercise at 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake for 1 h beginning either at 7:00 (morning exercise), 16:00 (afternoon exercise), or no exercise (control). Glucose levels were measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs). Glucose fluctuation was slightly less stable when exercise was performed in the afternoon than in the morning, indicated by higher CONGA at 2 h and α2 in DFA in the afternoon exercise trial than in the control trial. Additionally, decreased stability in glucose fluctuation in the afternoon exercise trial was supported by the descending values of the other glucose fluctuation indices in order from the afternoon exercise, morning exercise, and control trials. Meal tolerance following exercise was decreased after both exercise trials. Glucose levels during exercise were decreased only in the afternoon exercise trial, resulting in less stable glucose fluctuations over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Araki
- Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Osumi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Simeng Zhang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Seol
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keigo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nabekura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Satoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Vasudevan S, Durai RD, Chellappan DR, Narayanan VHB, Prabu PC, Solomon AP. A polymer-based anti-quorum catheter coating to challenge MDR Staphylococcus aureus: in vivo and in vitro approaches. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1618-1626. [PMID: 30863862 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR Staphylococcus aureus is a major aetiological agent of catheter-associated infections. A quorum sensing targeted drug development approach proves to be an effective alternative strategy to combat such infections. METHODS Intravenous catheters were coated with polymethacrylate copolymers loaded with the antivirulent compound 2-[(methylamino)methyl]phenol (2MAMP). The in vitro drug release profile and kinetics were established. The anti-biofilm effect of the coated catheters was tested against clinical isolates of MDR S. aureus. The in vivo studies were carried out using adult male Wistar rats by implanting coated catheters in subcutaneous pockets. Histopathological analysis was done to understand the immunological reactions induced by 2MAMP. RESULTS A uniform catheter coating of thickness 0.1 mm was achieved with linear sustained release of 2MAMP for 6 h. The coating formulation was cytocompatible. The in vitro and in vivo anti-adherence studies showed reduced bacterial accumulation in coated catheters after 48 h. The histopathological results confirmed that the coated catheter did not bring about any adverse inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The developed anti-quorum-coated catheter that is non-toxic and biocompatible has the potential to be used in other medical devices, thereby preventing catheter-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ramya Devi Durai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - P C Prabu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Tanaka Y, Ogata H, Kayaba M, Ando A, Park I, Yajima K, Araki A, Suzuki C, Osumi H, Zhang S, Ishihara A, Takahashi K, Shoda J, Nabekura Y, Satoh M, Tokuyama K. Effect of a single bout of exercise on clock gene expression in human leukocyte. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:847-854. [PMID: 32134712 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00891.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have circadian clocks, which consist of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the peripheral clocks in the peripheral tissues. The effect of exercise on phase of peripheral clocks have been reported in rodents but not in humans. Continuous sampling is necessary to assess the phase of the circadian rhythm of peripheral clock gene expressions. It has been assumed that the expression of the genes in leukocyte may be "an accessible window to the multiorgan transcriptome." The present study aimed to examine whether exercise affects the level and phase of clock gene expression in human leukocytes. Eleven young men participated in three trials, in which they performed a single bout of exercise at 60% V̇o2max for 1 h beginning either at 0700 (morning exercise) or 1600 (afternoon exercise) or no exercise (control). Blood samples were collected at 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, and 2300 and at 0600 the next morning, to assess diurnal changes of clock gene expression in leukocytes. Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (Bmal1) expression level increased after morning and afternoon exercise, and Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) expression level increased after morning exercise. Compared with control trial, acrophase of Bmal1 expression tended to be earlier in morning exercise trial and later in afternoon exercise trial. Acrophase of Cry1 expression was earlier in morning exercise trial but not affected by afternoon exercise. Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), Period 1-3 (Per1-3), and Cry2 expression levels and those acrophases were not affected by exercise. The present results suggest a potential role of a single bout of exercise to modify peripheral clocks in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study showed that a single bout of exercise affected peripheral clock gene expression in human leukocytes and the effect of exercise depended on when it was performed. Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (Bmal1) expression was increased after exercises performed in the morning and afternoon. Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) expression was also increased after the morning exercise. The effect of exercise on acrophase of Bmal1 depended on the time of the exercise: advanced after morning exercise and delayed after afternoon exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yajima
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Araki
- Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba International University, Manabe, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Osumi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Simeng Zhang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keigo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nabekura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Satoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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