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Muliawan GK, Lee TKW. The roles of cancer stem cell-derived secretory factors in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400112. [PMID: 38868769 PMCID: PMC11167126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered a new era of HCC treatment, their response rates are modest, which can be attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment within HCC tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown that tumor growth is fueled by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to therapeutic resistance to the above treatments. Given that CSCs can regulate cellular and physical factors within the tumor niche by secreting various soluble factors in a paracrine manner, there have been increasing efforts toward understanding the roles of CSC-derived secretory factors in creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an update on how these secretory factors, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, contribute to the immunosuppressive TME, which leads to immune resistance. In addition, we present current therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-derived secretory factors and describe future perspectives. In summary, a better understanding of CSC biology in the TME provides a rational therapeutic basis for combination therapy with ICIs for effective HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Kenneth Muliawan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yang J, Liao Y, Wang B, Cui L, Yu X, Wu F, Zhang Y, Liu R, Yao Y. EDARADD promotes colon cancer progression by suppressing E3 ligase Trim21-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Snail. Cancer Lett 2023; 577:216427. [PMID: 37838280 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell migration, specifically epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), serves as a key contributor to treatment failure in colon cancer patients. However, the limited comprehension of its genetic and biological aspects presents challenges for its investigation. EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD), an important TNFR superfamily member, is elevated in colon cancer. However, it remains unclear about the exact role of EDARADD in the progression of colon cancer metastasis. In this study, we initially demonstrated that both protein and mRNA levels of EDDARADD are elevated in colon cancer tissues and cells, associated with reduced overall survival. Furthermore, functional experiments demonstrated that EDARADD promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and participates in EMT both in vitro and vivo. Mechanistically, Co-IP verified EDARADD could stabilize Snail1 by interacting with E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim21 to inhibit ubiquitination of Snail1. Interestingly, RNA-seq and ubiquitination assay revealed EDARADD's dual downregulation of Trim21 expression at the translational level via Cul1-mediated ubiquitin degradation, and at the transcriptional level through PPARa regulation. Moreover, EDARADD activates NF-κB signaling and experiences feedback transcriptional regulation by p65. In conclusion, this study highlights the signal pathway of EDARADD-PPARa-Trim21-Snail1-EMT and a feedback regulation of NF-κB signaling on EDARADD, which indicated EDARADD as an emerging therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuanyu Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuefan Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150080, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer in Heilongjiang, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150080, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150080, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yuanfei Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150080, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh H, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MM. Evaluating the Anticancer Activity of Blocking TNF Type 1 Receptors in Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Rat Model. Cureus 2022; 14:e32519. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh HT, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Curative effects of fucoidan on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor and phosphodiesterase-4. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:196. [PMID: 35870906 PMCID: PMC9308347 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. Fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharide of brown seaweed, demonstrates various pharmacological actions as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Therefore, we opt to investigate the potential curative effects of fucoidan in experimentally induced UC in rats through modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Methods UC was induced in rats using intracolonic 2 ml of 4% acetic acid. Some rats were treated with 150 mg/kg fucoidan. Samples of colon were used to investigate gene and protein expression of AhR, PDE4, Nrf2, HO-1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Sections of colon were stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Alcian blue or immune-stained with anti-PDE4 antibodies. Results Investigation of hematoxylin/eosin stained micro-images of UC rats revealed damaged intestinal glands, severe hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, while sections stained with Alcian Blue revealed damaged and almost absent intestinal glands. UC results in elevated gene and protein expression of PDE4 associated with reduced gene and protein expression of AhR, IL-22, cAMP, Nrf2 and HO-1. Finally, UC increased the oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant activity in colon tissues. All morphological changes as well as gene and protein expressions were ameliorated by fucoidan. Conclusion Fucoidan could treat UC induced in rats. It restored the normal weight and length of colon associated with morphological improvement as found by examining sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Alcian Blue. The curative effects could be explained by enhancing antioxidant activity, reducing the expression of PDE4 and increasing the expression of AhR, IL-22 and cAMP.
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh HT, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. The therapeutic effects of cycloastragenol in ulcerative colitis by modulating SphK/MIP-1α/miR-143 signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:406-419. [PMID: 36029292 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) experience diarrhoea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain. UC is a well-known health challenge affecting 200-250 per 100,000 individuals worldwide, with a similar prevalence in both sexes and elevated upon activation of gut immune responses. We evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of cycloastragenol in experimentally-induced UC rats and examined the modulation of sphingosine kinase (SphK), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and miR-143. We treated UC rats with 30 mg/kg cycloastragenol and assessed gene and protein expression levels of SphK, MIP-1α, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2-associated X (BAX), miR-143, NF-κB, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and active caspase-3. Colon sections were examined using electron microscopy; additional sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or immunostained with anti-TNF-α and anti-caspase-3 antibodies. Electron microscopy of UC specimens revealed dark distorted goblet cell nuclei with disarranged mucus granules and a non-distinct brush border with atypical microvilli. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed damaged intestinal glands, severe hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Cycloastragenol treatment improved the induced morphological changes. In UC rats, cycloastragenol significantly reduced expression levels of SphK, MIP-1α, BAX, NF-κB, TNF-α, and active caspase-3, associated with BCL2 and miR-143 overexpression. Therefore, cycloastragenol protects against UC by modulating SphK/MIP-1α/miR-143, subsequently deactivating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Bagalagel
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Diri
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Noor
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina Almasri
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain T Bakhsh
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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