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Sviercz F, Jarmoluk P, Godoy Coto J, Cevallos C, Freiberger RN, López CAM, Ennis IL, Delpino MV, Quarleri J. The abortive SARS-CoV-2 infection of osteoclast precursors promotes their differentiation into osteoclasts. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29597. [PMID: 38587211 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the loss of millions of lives, although a majority of those infected have managed to survive. Consequently, a set of outcomes, identified as long COVID, is now emerging. While the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the respiratory system, the impact of COVID-19 extends to various body parts, including the bone. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection on osteoclastogenesis, utilizing both ancestral and Omicron viral strains. Monocyte-derived macrophages, which serve as precursors to osteoclasts, were exposed to both viral variants. However, the infection proved abortive, even though ACE2 receptor expression increased postinfection, with no significant impact on cellular viability and redox balance. Both SARS-CoV-2 strains heightened osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as CD51/61 expression and bone resorptive ability. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 induced early pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization, shifting toward an M2-like profile. Osteoclastogenesis-related genes (RANK, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, MMP9) were upregulated, and surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 variants promoted RANKL-independent osteoclast formation. This thorough investigation illuminates the intricate interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and osteoclast precursors, suggesting potential implications for bone homeostasis and opening new avenues for therapeutic exploration in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Sviercz
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Jarmoluk
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joshua Godoy Coto
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Nicole Freiberger
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Alicia Marcela López
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Lucia Ennis
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Roberts BK, Collado G, Barnes BJ. Role of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in tumor progression: Prognostic and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189061. [PMID: 38141865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a key mediator of innate and adaptive immunity downstream of pathogen recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Hence, dysregulation of IRF5 function has been widely implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Over the last few decades, dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been also reported in hematologic malignancies and solid cancers that support a role for IRF5 in malignant transformation, tumor immune regulation, clinical prognosis, and treatment response. This review will provide an in-depth overview of the current literature regarding the mechanisms by which IRF5 functions as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene, its role in metastasis, regulation of the tumor-immune microenvironment, utility as a prognostic indicator of disease, and new developments in IRF5 therapeutics that may be used to remodel tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey K Roberts
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
| | - Gilbert Collado
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States of America.
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