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Salar Amoli M, Yang H, Anand R, EzEldeen M, Aktan MK, Braem A, Jacobs R, Bloemen V. Development and characterization of colloidal pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels with potential application for drug delivery in dentoalveolar tissue engineering strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129684. [PMID: 38307741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Incorporation of growth factors, signaling molecules and drugs can be vital for the success of tissue engineering in complex structures such as the dentoalveolar region. This has led to the development of a variety of drug release systems. This study aimed to develop pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels with different synthesis parameters based on a 23 full factorial design of experiments for this application. Microgel properties, including volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), hydrodynamic size, drug loading and release, and cytocompatibility were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated successful copolymerization and development of the microgels, a hydrodynamic size ranging from ∼200 to ∼500 nm, and VPTT in the range of 34-39 °C. Furthermore, loading of genipin, capable of inducing odontoblastic differentiation, and its sustained release over a week was shown in all formulations. Together, this can serve as a solid basis for the development of tunable drug-delivering pNIPAM-methylcellulose microgels for specific tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salar Amoli
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huimin Yang
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Resmi Anand
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerle Bloemen
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - box 2450, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Asgary S. The Role of Growth Factor Delivery Systems on Cellular Activities of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review (Part II). Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:587-610. [PMID: 35692144 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220609093939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current systematic review aims to provide the available ex vivo evidence evaluating the biological interactions of dental stem cells (DSCs) and growth factor delivery systems. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to January 2022. Studies evaluating the biological interactions of DSCs and growth factor delivery systems were included. The outcome measures were cell cytocompatibility, mineralization, and differentiation. RESULTS Sixteen studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis. The following growth factor delivery systems exhibit adequate cytocompatibility, enhanced mineralization, and osteo/odontoblast differentiation potential of DSCs: 1) Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-loaded-microsphere and silk fibroin, 2) Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded-microsphere and mesoporous calcium silicate scaffold, 3) Transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF-ß1)-loaded-microsphere, glass ionomer cement (GIC), Bio-GIC and liposome, 4) TGF-ß1-loaded-nanoparticles/scaffold, 5) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded-fiber and hydrogel, 6) TGF-ß1/VEGF-loaded-nanocrystalline calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate, 7) Epidermal growth factor-loaded- nanosphere, 8) Stem cell factor/DSCs-loaded-hydrogel and Silk fibroin, 9) VEGF/BMP-2/DSCs-loaded-Three-dimensional matrix, 10) VEGF/DSCs-loaded-microsphere/hydrogel, and 11) BMP-2/DSCs and VEGF/DSCs-loaded-Collagen matrices. The included delivery systems showed viability, except for Bio-GIC on day 3. The choice of specific growth factors and delivery systems (i.e., BMP-2-loaded-microsphere and VEGF-loaded-hydrogel) resulted in a greater gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study, with low-level evidence obtained from ex vivo studies, suggests that growth factor delivery systems induce cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation toward a therapeutic potential in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayna Shamszadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Minetti E, Dipalma G, Palermo A, Patano A, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo F. Biomolecular Mechanisms and Case Series Study of Socket Preservation with Tooth Grafts. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5611. [PMID: 37685678 PMCID: PMC10489098 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of an innovative medical device capable of extracting tooth graft materials directly from the patient's own teeth. Twenty consecutive tooth grafting procedures were conducted, with an average follow-up period of 18 months. METHODS Twenty patients requiring tooth extraction underwent socket preservation utilizing the extracted tooth as the grafting material. RESULTS After a 4-month healing period, the defects were significantly filled with newly formed hard tissue. Subsequently, bone biopsies were performed during dental implant placement to evaluate histological outcomes. The tissue exhibited a similar density to medium-density bone, displaying a homogeneous and uniform appearance without any visible signs of inflammation. The post-operative healing phase was free from infective complications or indications of graft particles within the regenerated bone structure. The histomorphometric analyses revealed the following results: bone total volume, BV% 52.6 ± 13.09, vital bone VB% 40.39 ± 15.86, residual graft % 12.20 ± 12.34. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated positive bony healing in guided regenerative surgery procedures using autologous tooth grafts. However, further research with an extended follow-up period is necessary to thoroughly assess the potential of demineralized dentin autografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Minetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, Dental Science, University of Milan, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.D.I.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK; (A.P.); (F.I.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.D.I.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.D.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.D.I.)
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Minetti E, Palermo A, Malcangi G, Inchingolo AD, Mancini A, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F, Patano A, Inchingolo AM. Dentin, Dentin Graft, and Bone Graft: Microscopic and Spectroscopic Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050272. [PMID: 37233382 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the human dentin matrix could serve as an alternative to autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts. Since 1967, when the osteoinductive characteristics of autogenous demineralized dentin matrix were revealed, autologous tooth grafts have been advocated. The tooth is very similar to the bone and contains many growth factors. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the similarities and differences between the three samples (dentin, demineralized dentin, and alveolar cortical bone) with the aim of demonstrating that the demineralized dentin can be considered in regenerative surgery as an alternative to the autologous bone. METHODS This in vitro study analyzed the biochemical characterizations of 11 dentin granules (Group A), 11 demineralized using the Tooth Transformer (Group B), and dentin granules and 11 cortical bone granules (Group C) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate mineral content. Atomic percentages of C (carbon), O (oxygen), Ca (calcium), and P (phosphorus) were individually analyzed and compared by the statistical t-test. RESULTS The significant p-value (p < 0.05) between group A and group C indicated that these two groups were not significantly similar, while the non-significant result (p > 0.05) obtained between group B and group C indicated that these two groups are similar. CONCLUSIONS The findings support that the hypothesis that the demineralization process can lead to the dentin being remarkably similar to the natural bone in terms of their surface chemical composition. The demineralized dentin can therefore be considered an alternative to the autologous bone in regenerative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Minetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, Dental Science, University of Milan, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Taschieri S, Morandi B, Alberti A, Tarasenko S, Diachkova E, Francetti L, Corbella S. Immediate implant positioning using tooth-derived bone substitute material for alveolar ridge preservation: Preliminary results at 6 months. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:17-24. [PMID: 36366869 PMCID: PMC9932247 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study we evaluated the effectiveness of the use of a novel autologous bone substitute derived directly from processing the extracted tooth in the upper premolar area to preserve a suitable esthetic score and functionality. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen bone-level implants with platform switching were inserted in 12 patients immediately after atraumatic extraction of premolars for restorative or endodontic reasons. The implant buccal bone gap was filled using autologous tooth extracted-derived material. Clinical and radiographic parameters, including Pink Esthetic Score (PES) were evaluated at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 10 patients accounting for 11 implants were included. PES showed a suitable esthetic result, and all the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation reported full satisfaction for masticatory function, phonetics, and aesthetics. Bone levels were stable and not affected by implant location, lesion type, or bone quality. CONCLUSION Radiographically the autologous bone substitute used appears stable in the surgical site and there is good continuity between the autologous bone and the graft. No adverse effects such as periodontal inflammation, infection, or graft rejection was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of DentistryIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of DentistryI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian federation
| | - Benedetta Morandi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of DentistryIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
| | - Alice Alberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of DentistryIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
| | - Svetlana Tarasenko
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of DentistryI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian federation
| | - Ekaterina Diachkova
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of DentistryI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian federation
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of DentistryIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of DentistryIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of DentistryI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian federation
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Roudsari PP, Aghayan H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Mafi AR, Nikandish M, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Application of Biocompatible Scaffolds in Stem-Cell-Based Dental Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:83-110. [PMID: 35999347 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering as an important field in regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic approach to replace or regenerate injured tissues. It consists of three vital steps including the selection of suitable cells, formation of 3d scaffolds, and adding growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are mentioned as two main sources for this approach that have been used for the treatment of various types of disorders. However, the main focus of literature in the field of dental tissue engineering is on utilizing MSCs. On the other hand, biocompatible scaffolds play a notable role in this regenerative process which is mentioned to be harmless with acceptable osteoinductivity. Their ability in inhibiting inflammatory responses also makes them powerful tools. Indeed, stem cell functions should be supported by biomaterials acting as scaffolds incorporated with biological signals. Naturally derived polymeric scaffolds and synthetically engineered polymeric/ceramic scaffolds are two main types of scaffolds regarding their materials that are defined further in this review. Various strategies of tissue bioengineering can affect the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex, periodontium regeneration, and whole teeth bioengineering. In this regard, in vivo/ex vivo experimental models have been developed recently in order to perform preclinical studies of dental tissue engineering which make it more transferable to be used for clinic uses. This review summarizes dental tissue engineering through its different components. Also, strategies of tissue bioengineering and experimental models are introduced in order to provide a perspective of the potential roles of dental tissue engineering to be used for clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA- CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Development of Growth Factor Releasing Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for Pulp Regeneration: A Preliminary Study. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120825. [PMID: 36547349 PMCID: PMC9778203 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors play essential roles as signaling molecules in pulp regeneration. We investigated the effect of a hyaluronic acid (HA)-collagen hybrid hydrogel with controlled release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB on human pulp regeneration. The cell interaction and cytotoxicity of the HA-collagen hybrid hydrogel, the release kinetics of each growth factor, and the effects of the released growth factors on pulp cell proliferation were examined. The vitality of pulp cells was maintained. The amounts of FGF-2 and PDGF-BB released over 7 days were 68% and 50%, respectively. Groups with a different concentration of growth factor (FGF-2: 100, 200, 500, and 1000 ng/mL; PDGF-BB: 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 ng/mL) were experimented on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Considering FGF-2 concentration, significantly increased pulp cell proliferation was observed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 in the 100 ng/mL group and on days 3, 5, and 7 in the 200 ng/mL group. In the case of PDGF-BB concentration, significantly increased pulp cell proliferation was observed at all four time points in the 100 ng/mL group and on days 3, 5, and 7 in the 50, 200, and 500 ng/mL groups. This indicates that the optimal concentration of FGF-2 and PDGF-BB for pulp cell proliferation was 100 ng/mL and that the HA-collagen hybrid hydrogel has potential as a controlled release delivery system for FGF-2 and PDGF-BB.
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Kumar N, Maher N, Amin F, Ghabbani H, Zafar MS, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040229. [PMID: 36546929 PMCID: PMC9775094 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, biomimetic concepts have been widely adopted in various biomedical fields, including clinical dentistry. Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. Currently, new trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly review and discuss various pulp-regenerative approaches and materials used in regenerative endodontics which may highlight the current trends and future research prospects in this particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-333-2818500
| | - Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
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Biomolecule-Mediated Therapeutics of the Dentin–Pulp Complex: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020285. [PMID: 35204786 PMCID: PMC8961586 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the application of potential therapeutic signaling molecules on complete dentin-pulp complex and pulp tissue regeneration in orthotopic and ectopic animal studies. A search strategy was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Animal studies evaluating the application of signaling molecules to pulpectomized teeth for pulp tissue or dentin-pulp complex regeneration were included. From 2530 identified records, 18 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subjected to detailed qualitative analysis. Among the applied molecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, nerve growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were the most frequently studied. The clinical, radiographical and histological outcome measures included healing of periapical lesions, root development, and apical closure, cellular recolonization of the pulp space, ingrowth of pulp-like connective tissue (vascularization and innervation), mineralized dentin-like tissue formation along the internal dentin walls, and odontoblast-like cells in contact with the internal dentin walls. The results indicate that signaling molecules play an important role in dentin/pulp regeneration. However, further studies are needed to determine a more specific subset combination of molecules to achieve greater efficiency towards the desired tissue engineering applications.
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Effectiveness of Direct Pulp Capping Bioactive Materials in Dentin Regeneration: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226811. [PMID: 34832214 PMCID: PMC8621741 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Regenerative endodontics aims to restore normal pulp function in necrotic and infected teeth, restoring protective functions, such as innate pulp immunity, pulp repair through mineralization, and pulp sensibility. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the dentin regeneration efficacy of direct pulp capping (DPC) biomaterials. Methods: The literature published between 2005 and 2021 was searched by using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Clinical controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, and animal studies investigating DPC outcomes or comparing different capping materials after pulp exposure were included in this systematic review. Three independent authors performed the searches, and information was extracted by using a structured data format. Results: A total of forty studies (21 from humans and 19 from animals) were included in this systemic review. Histological examinations showed complete/partial/incomplete dentin bridge/reparative dentin formation during the pulp healing process at different follow-up periods, using different capping materials. Conclusions: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine can induce dentin regeneration when applied over exposed pulp. This systematic review can conclude that MTA and its variants have better efficacy in the DPC procedure for dentin regeneration.
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Andrei M, Vacaru RP, Coricovac A, Ilinca R, Didilescu AC, Demetrescu I. The Effect of Calcium-Silicate Cements on Reparative Dentinogenesis Following Direct Pulp Capping on Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092725. [PMID: 34066444 PMCID: PMC8125639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp vitality is a desideratum for preserving the health and functionality of the tooth. In certain clinical situations that lead to pulp exposure, bioactive agents are used in direct pulp-capping procedures to stimulate the dentin-pulp complex and activate reparative dentinogenesis. Hydraulic calcium-silicate cements, derived from Portland cement, can induce the formation of a new dentin bridge at the interface between the biomaterial and the dental pulp. Odontoblasts are molecularly activated, and, if necessary, undifferentiated stem cells in the dental pulp can differentiate into odontoblasts. An extensive review of literature was conducted on MedLine/PubMed database to evaluate the histological outcomes of direct pulp capping with hydraulic calcium-silicate cements performed on animal models. Overall, irrespective of their physico-chemical properties and the molecular mechanisms involved in pulp healing, the effects of cements on tertiary dentin formation and pulp vitality preservation were positive. Histological examinations showed different degrees of dental pulp inflammatory response and complete/incomplete dentin bridge formation during the pulp healing process at different follow-up periods. Calcium silicate materials have the ability to induce reparative dentinogenesis when applied over exposed pulps, with different behaviors, as related to the animal model used, pulpal inflammatory responses, and quality of dentin bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Andrei
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Raluca Paula Vacaru
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Anca Coricovac
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Division of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722536798
| | - Ioana Demetrescu
- Department of General Chemistry, University Politehnica Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Soudi A, Yazdanian M, Ranjbar R, Tebyanian H, Yazdanian A, Tahmasebi E, Keshvad A, Seifalian A. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:454-489. [PMID: 33746673 PMCID: PMC7975587 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing attention has been observed toward potential advantages of stem cell (SC)-based therapies in regenerative treatments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are now considered excellent candidates for tissue replacement therapies and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs importantly contribute to the state-of-the-art clinical strategies for SC-based alveolar bone regeneration. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry. In this regard, the relevant English written literature was searched using keywords: "tissue engineering", "stem cells", "dental stem cells", and "dentistry strategies". According to the available database, SCs application has become increasingly widespread because of its accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Among the growing recognized niches and tissues containing higher SCs, dental tissues are evidenced to be rich sources of MSCs. According to the literature, dental SCs are mostly present in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle tissues. In this regard, the present review has described the recent findings on the potential of dental stem cells to be used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soudi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keshvad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. Dentin-Pulp Tissue Regeneration Approaches in Dentistry: An Overview and Current Trends. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:79-103. [PMID: 32902726 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment approaches in irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis include the disinfection of the pulp space followed by filling with various materials, which is commonly known as the root canal treatment. Disadvantages including the loss of tooth vitality and defense mechanism against carious lesions, susceptibility to fractures, discoloration and microleakage led to the development of regenerative therapies for the dentin pulp-complex. The goal of dentin-pulp tissue regeneration is to reestablish the physiological pulp function such as pulp sensibility, pulp repair capability by mineralization and pulp immunity. Recent dentin-pulp tissue regeneration approaches can be divided into cell homing and cell transplantation. Cell based approaches include a suitable scaffold for the delivery of potent stem cells with or without bioactive molecules into the root canal system while cell homing is based on the recruitment of host endogenous stem cells from the resident tissue including periapical region or dental pulp. This review discusses the recent treatment modalities in dentin-pulp tissue regeneration through tissue engineering and current challenges and trends in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ercal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Shiu ST, Lew WZ, Lee SY, Feng SW, Huang HM. Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Proliferation, Osteogenetic/Odontogenetic Differentiation and Matrix Vesicle Secretion of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4063. [PMID: 32933188 PMCID: PMC7560370 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted great interest in the development of tissue engineering. However, the self-regeneration and multi-differentiation capabilities of stem cells are easily impaired during cell transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) seed oil has various positive biological effects. However, it is not yet clear whether S. mukorossi seed oil can increase the growth and differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of S. mukorossi seed oil on the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs. DPSCs with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively, were evaluated and compared. The viabilities of the cells were assessed by MTT tests. The osteogenetic and odontogenetic capacities of the DPSCs were tested using Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to examine the gene expression of ALP, BMP-2 and DMP-1. Finally, extracellular matrix vesicle secretion was detected via scanning electron microscopy. No significant difference was observed in the viabilities of the DPSCs with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively. However, under osteogenic and odontogenic induction, S. mukorossi seed oil increased the secretion of mineralized nodules and the ALP activity of the DPSCs (p < 0.05). The ALP gene expression of the differentiation-induced DPSCs was also enhanced. Finally, a greater secretion of extracellular matrix vesicles was detected in the DPSCs following odontogenic induction complemented with S. mukorossi seed oil. Overall, the present results show that S. mukorossi seed oil promotes the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and matrix vesicle secretion of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Ting Shiu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Bartold M, Gronthos S, Haynes D, Ivanovski S. Mesenchymal stem cells and biologic factors leading to bone formation. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:12-32. [PMID: 30624807 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological bone formation and bone regeneration occurring during bone repair can be considered distinct but similar processes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and associated biologic factors are crucial to both bone formation and bone regeneration. AIM To perform a narrative review of the current literature regarding the role of MSC and biologic factors in bone formation with the aim of discussing the clinical relevance of in vitro and in vivo animal studies. METHODS The literature was searched for studies on MSC and biologic factors associated with the formation of bone in the mandible and maxilla. The search specifically targeted studies on key aspects of how stem cells and biologic factors are important in bone formation and how this might be relevant to bone regeneration. The results are summarized in a narrative review format. RESULTS Different types of MSC and many biologic factors are associated with bone formation in the maxilla and mandible. CONCLUSION Bone formation and regeneration involve very complex and highly regulated cellular and molecular processes. By studying these processes, new clinical opportunities will arise for therapeutic bone regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Haynes
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Autologous Tooth Graft after Endodontical Treated Used for Socket Preservation: A Multicenter Clinical Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the tooth extracted use as autologous tooth graft after endodontic root canal therapies used for socket preservation. To this purpose, the Tooth Transformer shredding and decontamination machine has been used. The graft obtained in this way, was inserted at the time of the extraction or at a second surgery altogether with the chosen regenerative therapy. This clinical trial enrolled patients with post-estractive defects requiring the restoration bone dimension and shape in the maxillary and mandibular zone. In addition, 98 patients with 119 extraction sockets were enrolled across 10 standardized centers. An innovative preparation method, using the dedicated automated device Tooth Transformer, able to transform autologous teeth in suitable grafting material, has been used. The extracted tooth was cleaned and treated using a Tooth Transformer and made a socket preservation. Thirteen Biopsies were realized to analyze the histologic outcomes at the average time of four months to demonstrate that the autologous tooth graft made from root after endodontic therapy should be used in human bone regeneration as graft for dental implant placement.
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Mosquera-Perez R, Fernández-Olavarria A, Diaz-Sanchez RM, Gutierrez-Perez JL, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Torres-Lagares D. Stem cells and oral surgery: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e1181-e1189. [PMID: 31824601 PMCID: PMC6894914 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the structural loss that occurs after surgical procedures for cystic and tumoral pathology, in periodontitis, as well as the maxillary atrophy that determines the rehabilitation with dental implants, it is imperative to find satisfactory solutions. The opportunity provided by the findings in stem cells is a recent introduction in the field of oral surgery, based on the regenerative potential that these cells possess in order to restore defects at different levels of the oral cavity. The aim of this systematic review is to discover the real applications that stem cells may have in our treatments in the near future. Material and Methods We made a systematic review of the literature on the subject of stem cells to know the publications relating to them in the field of oral surgery since 2000. PRISMA statement was accomplished, as its official flow chart is used. Results This article draws clinical conclusions from basic research and those conducted in the first clinical cases to apply them in a short period of time to our patients in order to achieve excellence in regenerative therapies. Conclusions To summarize, stem cells may be a turning point in tissue regeneration, though the major challenge is to overcome the remaining obstacles before they become a realistic therapeutic alternative. Key words:Stem cells, oral surgery, cell therapy, regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Mosquera-Perez
- DDS. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Olavarria
- DDS. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Diaz-Sanchez
- DDS. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | - José-Luis Gutierrez-Perez
- MD, PhD. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- DDS, PhD. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville (US), Seville, Spain
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Durham EL, Kishinchand R, Grey ZJ, Cray JJ. rhBMP2 alone does not induce macrophage polarization towards an increased inflammatory response. Mol Immunol 2019; 117:94-100. [PMID: 31759326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Once thought to have revolutionized therapeutic intervention in surgery, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (rhBMP2) is now in its second decade of sustained controversy over the side effects associated with its use. Side effects associated with clinical use of rhBMP2 (Infuse, Medtronic Inc) include a marked inflammatory response, pain, therapeutic failures, ectopic bone, tissue degradation, and death. What is missing, despite the depth of literature on the subject, is a direct interrogation of rhBMP2, specifically for inflammation. Here we set out to determine if rhBMP2 alters traditional macrophage markers associated with pro-inflammatory responses, and pro-reparative responses to injury. Based on our previous work, we hypothesized there would be no direct effect of the peptide on macrophage polarization. Here we utilized commercially available murine macrophages, RAW 264.7, and treated these cells with rhBMP2 in standard growth media or macrophage polarizing media (M1 and M2) at several doses of the peptide. Our readouts were cell viability, apoptosis, gene expression of M1 and M2 markers, and ELISA for M1 marker iNOS, and M2 marker Arg1. Our data give very little evidence to support an alteration in macrophage phenotype by rhBMP2 alone, or alteration of the phenotype when cultured in enriched M1 or M2 media. These results further suggest that other factors associated with the clinical use of Infuse, likely supraphysiological rhBMP2 doses and off label usage, are more likely the culprit for poor outcomes. This further reinforces the utility of rhBMP2 and other peptides in tissue engineering therapies when conditions are tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rajiv Kishinchand
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary J Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, USA.
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Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Filler Contributes to Tertiary Dentin Formation through a Mechanism Different Than That of Hydraulic Calcium-Silicate Cement. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091440. [PMID: 31514356 PMCID: PMC6780685 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of tissue mineralization and the mechanism by which surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) cement influences pulpal healing remain unclear. We evaluated S-PRG cement-induced tertiary dentin formation in vivo, and its effect on the pulp cell healing process in vitro. Induced tertiary dentin formation was evaluated with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of elements from the S-PRG cement in pulpal tissue was confirmed by micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF). The effects of S-PRG cement on cytotoxicity, proliferation, formation of mineralized nodules, and gene expression in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were assessed in vitro. μCT and SEM revealed that S-PRG induced tertiary dentin formation with similar characteristics to that induced by hydraulic calcium-silicate cement (ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)). μXRF showed Sr and Si ion transfer into pulpal tissue from S-PRG cement. Notably, S-PRG cement and MTA showed similar biocompatibility. A co-culture of hDPSCs and S-PRG discs promoted mineralized nodule formation on surrounding cells. Additionally, S-PRG cement regulated the expression of genes related to osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. MTA and S-PRG regulated gene expression in hDPSCs, but the patterns of regulation differed. S-PRG cement upregulated CXCL-12 and TGF-β1 gene expression. These findings showed that S-PRG and MTA exhibit similar effects on dental pulp through different mechanisms.
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Yiğiter Ö, Yorukoglu AC, Şentürk N, Dodurga Y, Demirkan AF. The effects of type I collagen on bone defects and gene expression changes for osteogenesis: In a rat model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11525-11530. [PMID: 30816601 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of type I collagen on bone defects and on genes specifically for osteogenesis in a rat model. Two millimeter drill hole bone defect was created in the femur of rats. In the experimental group, type I collagen was applied in bone defects whereas in control group defects were left empty. Inflammation, development of connective tissue, osteogenesis, and foreign body reaction parameters evaluated with histologically and genes evaluated by blood samples. In the experimental group, the histopathologically significant change was found in favor of bone healing only at the first week. A significant increase was found in genetic expressions of BMP-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, TGF-βRII, Smad-1, IL-6, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, Eng, BMPR-II, c-fos, Cdkn1a, Chrd, Gdf-5, Id-1, PDGF-β, IGF-1, Serpine-1, and TGF-βRI at the first hour. At the first, third, and sixth week, no significant increase was found in any of the gene expressions. Type I collagen is found to be effective in favor of bone healing through increased inflammatory cytokines and expression of BMP genes in the early stages of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Yiğiter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Cagdas Yorukoglu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şentürk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Fahir Demirkan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey
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Huang KH, Chen YW, Wang CY, Lin YH, Wu YHA, Shie MY, Lin CP. Enhanced Capability of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-loaded Mesoporous Calcium Silicate Scaffolds to Induce Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2019; 44:1677-1685. [PMID: 30409449 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium silicate bioceramics have been broadly used as reparative or grafting materials with good bioactivity and biocompatibility in dental application. It has been shown that applying a mesoporous process to calcium silicate gives it great potential as a controlled drug delivery system. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate a novel osteoinductive scaffold by loading bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) to mesoporous calcium silicate (MesoCS) and fabricating it as 3-dimensional scaffolds using fused deposition modeling combined with polycaprolactone. RESULTS The MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold showed similar patterns to that of a calcium silicate scaffold in releasing calcium and silicon ions in a simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test for 7 days, but BMP-2 continued releasing from the MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold significantly more than the CS scaffold from 48 hours to 7 days. Adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp cells cultured on a MesoCS/BMP-2 scaffold were also more significant than scaffolds without BMP-2 or mesoporous as well as the results of the test on alkaline phosphatase activity. CONCLUSIONS The results support that the novel 3-dimensional-printed MesoCS scaffold performed well as BMP-2 delivery system and would be an ideal odontoinductive biomaterial in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Haw Andrew Wu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Minetti E, Berardini M, Trisi P. A New Tooth Processing Apparatus Allowing to Obtain Dentin Grafts for Bone Augmentation: The Tooth Transformer. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Human dentin matrix could be considered an excellent alternative to autologous or heterologous bone graft. Autologous tooth graft has been proposed since 1967 when the osteoinduction properties of autogenous demineralized dentin matrix were discovered.Methods:The preparation technique to transform autologous teeth in suitable grafting material still represents the fundamental step of the whole procedure.Aim:The aim of the present study was to test an innovative medical device that could obtain tooth graft materials starting from the whole tooth of the patient. 15 consecutive cases of tooth grafting procedures were performed with a mean follow up period of 18 months.Results:In all cases, after 6 months of healing, the defects were almost completely filled by newly formed hard tissue. The new tissue was examined after 6 months, both from a radiological point of view by CBCT scans and from a clinical observation. It showed a compactness similar to the medium-density bone. No signs of inflammations were observed. No infective complications were recorded during the post-operative healing. No graft particles or grains were visible in the regenerated bone structure that appeared homogeneous and uniform.Discussion:The results of the present study showed favorable bony healing in guided regenerative surgery procedures using autologous tooth graft. Future studies with long follow up period are needed in order to better evaluate the potential of demineralized dentin autografts.
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Minetti E, Palermo A, Contessi M, Gambardella U, Schmitz J, Giacometti E, Celko M, Trisi P. Autologous tooth graft for maxillary sinus augmentation: A multicenter clinical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/gfsc.gfsc_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Xue W, Yu J, Chen W. Plants and Their Bioactive Constituents in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Regeneration: A Novel Prospective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7571363. [PMID: 30175141 PMCID: PMC6098897 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7571363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, which causes the destruction of both the soft and mineralized tissues. However, current treatments such as bone graft materials, barrier membranes, and protein products all have difficulties in regenerating the complete periodontal tissue structure. Stem cell-based tissue engineering has now emerged as one of the most effective treatments for the patients suffering from periodontal diseases. Plants not only can be substrates for life processes, but also contain hormones or functional molecules. Numbers of preclinical studies have revealed that products from plant can be successfully applied in modulating proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Plant-derived substances can induce stem cells osteogenic differentiation, and they also possess angiogenic potency. Furthermore, in the field of tissue engineering, plant-derived compounds or plant extracts can be incorporated with biomaterials or utilized as biomaterials for cell transplantation. So it is speculated that botanical products may become a new perspective in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration. However, the lack of achieving predict clinical efficacy and quality control has been the major impediment to its extensive application. This review gives an overview of the prospect of applying different plant-derived substances in various human mesenchymal stem cells-based periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Bono N, Tarsini P, Candiani G. BMP-2 and type I collagen preservation in human deciduous teeth after demineralization. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 17:2280800018784230. [PMID: 30045659 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018784230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Great interest has recently been focused on tooth and tooth derivatives as suitable substrates for the treatment of alveolar bone defects. Here, we propose the use of demineralized baby teeth (BT) as potential grafting materials for bone augmentation procedures. METHODS Particles of human BT (Ø < 1 mm) were demineralized by means of a chemical/thermal treatment. Demineralized BT particles were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analyses to evaluate the effects of the demineralization on BT topography and mineral phase composition, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to quantify collagen and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein contents. The response of SAOS-2 cells to exogenous BMP-2 stimulation was evaluated to identify the minimum BMP-2 concentration able to induce osteodifferentiation in vitro (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity). RESULTS The demineralization treatment led to a dramatic decrease in relative Ca and P content (%) of ≈75% with respect to the native BT particles, while preserving native protein conformation and activity. Interestingly, the demineralization process led to a rise in the bioavailability of BMP-2 in BT particles, as compared to the untreated counterparts. The BMP-2 content found in demineralized BT was also proved to be very effective in enhancing ALP activity, thus in the osteodifferentiation of SAOS-2 cells in vitro, as confirmed by cell experiments performed upon exogenously added BMP-2. CONCLUSIONS In this study we demonstrate that the BMP-2 content found in demineralized BT is very effective in inducing cell osteodifferentiation, and strengthens the idea that BTs are very attractive bioactive materials for bone-grafting procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bono
- 1 Politecnico di Milano Research Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tarsini
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- 1 Politecnico di Milano Research Unit, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology - INSTM, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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RETRACTED: A new procedure for processing extracted teeth for immediate grafting in post-extraction sockets. An experimental study in American Fox Hound dogs. Ann Anat 2018; 217:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim HS, Zheng M, Kim DK, Lee WP, Yu SJ, Kim BO. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2018. [PMID: 29535889 PMCID: PMC5841266 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Methods MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were prepared. Cytotoxic effects and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for osteogenic differentiation markers such as ALP, collagen type I (Col-I), osteocalcin (OCN), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results The MTT assay showed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not inhibit cell growth and that the rate of cell proliferation was higher than in the positive control group at all concentrations. ALP activity was also higher than in the positive control group at low concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10−10, 10−12, and 10−14 M). RT-PCR showed that the gene expression levels of ALP, Col-I, OCN, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were higher at a low concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10−12 M). Alizarin red S staining after treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10−12 M) showed no significant differences in the overall degree of calcification. In contrast to the positive control group, formation of bone nodules was induced in the early stages of cell differentiation. Conclusions We suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 positively affects cell differentiation and matrix mineralization. Therefore, it may function as a stimulating factor in osteoblastic bone formation and can be used as an additive in bone regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mingzhen Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Won-Pyo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Joun Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ock Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
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Demineralized dentin and enamel matrices as suitable substrates for bone regeneration. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e236-e243. [PMID: 28731486 PMCID: PMC6379887 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades, tooth derivatives such as dentin (D) and enamel (E) have
been considered as potential graft biomaterials to treat bone defects. This
study aimed to investigate the effects of demineralization on the
physical-chemical and biological behavior of D and E. Methods Human D and E were minced into particles (Ø<1 mm), demineralized and
sterilized. Thorough physical-chemical and biochemical characterizations of
native and demineralized materials were performed by SEM and EDS analysis
and ELISA kits to determine mineral, collagen type I and BMP-2 contents. In
addition, MG63 and SAOS-2 cells were seeded on tooth-derived materials and
Bio-Oss®, and a comparison of cell responses in terms of adhesion and
proliferation was carried out. Results The sterilization process, as a combination of chemical and thermal
treatments, was found to be effective for all materials. On the other hand,
D demineralization allowed preserving the collagen content, while increasing
BMP-2 bioavailability. D and demineralized D (dD) displayed excellent
biocompatibility, even greater than Bio-Oss®. Conversely, the high mineral
content displayed by E, as confirmed by EDS analysis, inhibited cell
proliferation. Of note, even though the demineralization process was somehow
less effective in E than in D, demineralized E (dE) displayed increased
BMP-2 bioavailability and improved performance in vitro compared with native
E. Conclusions Our results substantiate the idea that the demineralization process lead to
an increase of BMP-2 bioavailability, thus paving the way toward development
of more effective, osteoinductive tooth-derived materials for bone
regeneration and replacement.
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Hashemi-Beni B, Khoroushi M, Foroughi MR, Karbasi S, Khademi AA. Tissue engineering: Dentin - pulp complex regeneration approaches (A review). Tissue Cell 2017; 49:552-564. [PMID: 28764928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a highly specialized tissue that preserves teeth. It is important to maintain the capabilities of dental pulp before a pulpectomy by creating a local restoration of the dentin-pulp complex from residual dental pulp. The articles identified were selected by two reviewers based on entry and exit criteria. All relevant articles indexed in PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, and Scopus with no limitations from 1961 to 2016 were searched. Factors investigated in the selected articles included the following key words: Dentin-Pulp Complex, Regeneration, Tissue Engineering, Scaffold, Stem Cell, and Growth Factors. Of the 233 abstracts retrieved, the papers which were selected had evaluated the clinical aspects of the application of dentin-pulp regeneration. Generally, this study has introduced a new approach to provoke the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex after a pulpectomy, so that exogenous growth factors and the scaffold are able to induce cells and blood vessels from the residual dental pulp in the tooth root canal. This study further presents a new strategy for local regeneration therapy of the dentin-pulp complex. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the potential beneficial effects derived from the interaction of dental materials with the dentin-pulp complex as well as potential future developments in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Hashemi-Beni
- Torabinejad Dentistry Research Center and Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative and Art, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Foroughi
- Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Khademi
- Torabinejad Dentistry Research Center and Department of Endodonics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Atalayin C, Tezel H, Dagci T, Karabay Yavasoglu NU, Oktem G, Kose T. In vivo performance of different scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells induced for odontogenic differentiation. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e120. [PMID: 27901202 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the in vivo performance of three different materials as scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) undergoing induced odontogenic differentiation. An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell medium was used in the control groups. DPSC were transplanted onto the backs of mice via three scaffolds: copolymer of L-lactide and DL-lactide (PLDL), copolymer of DL-lactide (PDL) and hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP). The expression levels of dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X chromosome (PHEX) were analysed using RT-PCR. The expressions in the experimental groups were compared to those in the control groups. The transcript expressions at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly different for all scaffolds (p < 0.05), except for the expression of DSPP in the PLDL group with regard to the time variable. Although there was a decrease in the expression of enamelysin/MMP20 in PLDL and HA/TCP at 12 weeks, all other expressions increased and reached their highest level at 12 weeks. The highest DSPP expression was in the PDL group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of DMP1 was detected in the HA/TCP group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of PHEX was in the PLDL group (p < 0.05). Consequently, PLDL and PDL seemed to be promising scaffold candidates for odontogenic regeneration at least as HA-TCP, when they were applied with the DPSC induced for odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Atalayin
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tezel
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taner Dagci
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gulperi Oktem
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Kose
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Izmir, Turkey
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Shah N. A regeneration-based, nonobturation root-canal treatment for fully-mature teeth: Six years' experience with "SealBio". Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:296-301. [PMID: 27630490 PMCID: PMC5004539 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.188541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide scientific evidence on the outcome of a large number of cases treated by SealBio over the longer follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-four teeth in 116 patients presenting with pulp and periapical disease were randomly recruited between 2009 and 2014. SealBio was performed, and cases were followed up at regular intervals up to 6-year. RESULTS Of the total 134 teeth treated, 16 teeth could not be followed up and 9 cases failed (7.62% of cases). In only 4 cases (approximately 3.38% of cases), the failure could be directly attributed to endodontic causes. In the remaining 5 cases, coronal leakage from under the crown margins or dislodged restoration was found after 3-5 years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS SealBio was found to be a successful, nonobturation, regeneration-based endodontic treatment protocol. By cell homing of endogenous stem cells, a biological seal rather than an artificial seal with gutta-percha and sealer cement is possible to achieve. It is highly cost saving and easier to perform, in addition to other advantages, such as retreatment is much simpler, and postcore restoration is possible after SealBio treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Shah
- Department of Dentistry, Hindu Rao Hospital, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Chen Y, Liu H. The differentiation potential of gingival mesenchymal stem cells induced by apical tooth germ cell‑conditioned medium. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3565-72. [PMID: 27600358 PMCID: PMC5042793 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have recently been harvested; however, the use of GMSCs in periodontal tissue engineering requires further study. The present study established an indirect co‑culture system between rat apical tooth germ‑conditioned medium (APTG‑CM) and GMSCs, in order to determine the effects on periodontal tissue differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Using the limiting dilution technique, single‑colony derived human GMSCs and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated and expanded to obtain homogeneous populations. PDLSCs were used as a positive control group. Cell cycle distribution, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization behavior, expression of genes associated with a cementoblast phenotype (osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, ALP, type I collagen, cementum‑derived protein 23), and in vivo differentiation capacities of GMSCs/PDLSCs co‑cultured with APTG‑CM were evaluated. Flow cytometry indicated that GMSCs and PDLSCs were positive for STRO‑1 and CD105, whereas CD45 expression was negative. The cell types were capable of forming colonies, and of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in response to appropriate stimuli. The induced GMSCs and PDLSCs exhibited numerous characteristics associated with cementoblast lineages, as indicated by increased proliferation and ALP activity, and upregulated expression of cementum‑associated genes in vitro. In vivo, cementum/periodontal ligament‑like structures were shown to form along the dentin surface and ceramic bovine bone in GMSCs and PDLSCs induced by APTG‑CM group. Conversely, vertical fibers could not insert in the control group, which was not co‑cultured with APTG‑CM. In conclusion, GMSCs are likely to have a role in periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, APTG‑CM was able to provide a cementogenic microenvironment and promote differentiation of GMSCs along the cementoblastic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Wang W, Yi X, Ren Y, Xie Q. Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate on Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:1483-9. [PMID: 27576209 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a potent signaling molecule that regulates diverse biological activities in cells. Its effects on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of ATP on proliferation and differentiation of HDPCs. METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore the mRNA expression of P2 receptor subtypes. Cell Counting Kit-8 test and flow cytometry analysis were used to examine the effects of ATP on proliferation and cell cycle of HDPCs. The effects of ATP on differentiation of HDPCs were examined by using alizarin red S staining, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Western blot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The purinoceptors P2X3, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, and all P2Y receptor subtypes were confirmed to present in HDPCs. ATP enhanced HDPC proliferation at 10 μmol/L concentration. However, it inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in G0G1 phase (P < .05 versus control) and induced odontoblastic differentiation, ERK/MAPK activation, and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA transcriptions at 800 μmol/L concentration. Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P < .05 versus control). CONCLUSIONS Extracellular ATP activates P2 receptors and downstream signaling events that induce HDPC odontogenic differentiation. Thus, ATP may promote dental pulp tissue healing and repair through P2 signaling. Results provide new insights into the molecular regulation of pulpal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosong Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, New York
| | - Qiufei Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center for Oral Functional Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Wang W, Dang M, Zhang Z, Hu J, Eyster TW, Ni L, Ma PX. Dentin regeneration by stem cells of apical papilla on injectable nanofibrous microspheres and stimulated by controlled BMP-2 release. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:63-72. [PMID: 26971664 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PLLA nanofibrous microspheres (NF-MS) as a cell delivery carrier in combination with controlled release of BMP-2 from PLGA microspheres on the induction of odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP). Injectable NF-MS, which mimic the physical architecture of collagen fibers on the nano scale, were fabricated by combining thermally-induced phase separation techniques with an emulsification process. SCAP cultured in a monolayer or cultured on NF-MS in spinner flasks were treated with 100ng/ml BMP-2 in vitro. Odontogenic differentiation was characterized by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, odontogenic gene expression levels, calcium content, and dentin sialophosphoprotein accumulation. The results demonstrated that BMP-2 enhanced human SCAP odontogenic differentiation both in monolayer culture and on 3D NF-MS in spinner flask culture in vitro. We also developed and tested a system combining NF-MS with controlled BMP-2 release for dentin regeneration in vivo. The results indicate that controlled release of BMP-2 promoted more mineralization and osteodentin formation compared to a BSA-releasing control in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In summary, the NF-MS combined with controlled release of BMP-2 provides an excellent microenvironment for SCAP to regenerate dentin tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tooth lesion and loss affect masticatory efficiency, speaking function, facial aesthetics and even psychological health. Current treatments depend on "inert" restorative materials, which do not have the healing capacity and may lead to the failure of the restorations over a long term. The aim of this study was to develop an injectable biomaterial and desired growth factor delivery system to support stem cells for mineralized dental tissue regeneration. The study showed that novel injectable and biodegradable nanofibrous microspheres and controlled release of BMP-2 synergistically induce the odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla and mineralized tissue regeneration, demonstrating the potential of living dental tissue repair.
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ATALAYIN C, TEZEL H, DAGCI T, Karabay YAVASOGLU NU, OKTEM G. Medium modification with bone morphogenetic protein 2 addition for odontogenic differentiation. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100223. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Moradi S, Saghravanian N, Moushekhian S, Fatemi S, Forghani M. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Fibronectin and Tenascin Following Direct Pulp Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Platelet-Rich Plasma and Propolis in Dogs' Teeth. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26213542 PMCID: PMC4509128 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of fibronectin (FN) and tenascin (TN) after direct pulp capping (DPC) in dogs’ teeth with either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Propolis or Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), by means of immunohistochemistry. Methods and Materials: A total of 48 sound molars and premolars with mature apices from four dogs, were included. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the material used for DPC: PRP, Propolis, MTA, and glass-ionomer (as the negative control group). Each group was divided into two 7-day and 30-day subgroups. The teeth were restored at the same session. The animals were sacrificed at the mentioned time intervals and the expression of FN and TN in each test group and between each time intervals was assessed with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare FN and TN staining among the test groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The amount of FN in the MTA group in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than the 7-day interval; however, there were no significant differences among the other groups. The amount of TN in the MTA and Propolis groups in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than that in the 7-day interval; no recognizable difference was observed in the other groups. Moreover, the difference in expression of FN and TN in the 7-day interval was not significant in the experimental groups. Nevertheless, the difference was significant in the 30-day interval, with the highest and lowest expressions belonging to the MTA and glass-ionomer groups, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present animal study, MTA is still a better choice for direct pulp capping
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moradi
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Saghravanian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siavash Moushekhian
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Forghani
- Dental Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yang J, Ye L, Hui TQ, Yang DM, Huang DM, Zhou XD, Mao JJ, Wang CL. Bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced human dental pulp cell differentiation involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated canonical WNT pathway. Int J Oral Sci 2015; 7:95-102. [PMID: 26047580 PMCID: PMC4817555 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and the wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT)/β-catenin signalling pathway play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and dentinogenesis. Cross-talk between BMP2 and WNT/β-catenin in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation has been identified. However, the roles and mechanisms of the canonical WNT pathway in the regulation of BMP2 in dental pulp injury and repair remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BMP2 promotes the differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) by activating WNT/β-catenin signalling, which is further mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vitro. BMP2 stimulation upregulated the expression of β-catenin in HDPCs, which was abolished by SB203580 but not by Noggin or LDN193189. Furthermore, BMP2 enhanced cell differentiation, which was not fully inhibited by Noggin or LDN193189. Instead, SB203580 partially blocked BMP2-induced β-catenin expression and cell differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest a possible mechanism by which the elevation of β-catenin resulting from BMP2 stimulation is mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway, which sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of BMP2-mediated pulp reparative dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Qian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Cheng-Lin Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China [2] Center for Craniofacial Regeneration (CCR), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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Lee CP, Colombo JS, Ayre WN, Sloan AJ, Waddington RJ. Elucidating the cellular actions of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal dental pulp stem cell population in orchestrating dental tissue repair. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415586318. [PMID: 26019808 PMCID: PMC4437905 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive growth factors identified within the extracellular matrix of dentine have been proposed roles in regulating the naturally inherent regenerative dentine formation seen in teeth in response to trauma and infection, which may also be harnessed for novel clinical treatments in augmenting mineralised tissue repair. This study examined the specific biological action of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal population of dental pulp stem cells in stimulating the prerequisite stages of wound healing associated with mineralised tissue repair. A clonal dental pulp stem cell population with sustained proliferative capacity and multi-potentiality towards osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was isolated from the pulp of human third molars. Dentine was collected from human healthy teeth, powdered and treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to obtain a solubilised DDM protein extract. The influence of DDM on the DPSC clonal population was assessed in vitro. Exposure of cells to proteolytically degraded DDM or unsupplemented media served as controls. Compared to controls, DDM stimulated cell expansion, reduced apoptotic marker caspase 3, increased cell survival marker Akt1 and enhanced mineralised matrix deposition as determined by mineral deposition and increased expression of bone-related markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. Dental pulp stem cells successfully migrated into collagen gels supplemented with demineralised dentine matrix, with cells remaining viable and expanding in numbers over a 3-day period. Collectively, the results provide evidence that soluble proteins extracted from dentine matrix are able to exert a direct biological effect on dental pulp stem cells in promoting mineralised tissue repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi P Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John S Colombo
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ; Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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BMP7 and EREG Contribute to the Inductive Potential of Dental Mesenchyme. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9903. [PMID: 25952286 PMCID: PMC4424660 DOI: 10.1038/srep09903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is accomplished by reciprocal signaling between the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. It is generally accepted that the inductive mesenchyme is capable of inducing the odontogenic commitment of both dental and non-dental epithelial cells. However, the duration of this signal in the developing dental mesenchyme and whether adult dental pulp tissue maintains its inductive capability remain unclear. This study investigated the contribution of growth factors to regulating the inductive potential of the dental mesenchyme. Human oral epithelial cells (OEs) were co-cultured with either human dental mesenchymal/papilla cells (FDPCs) or human dental pulp cells (ADPCs) under 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional conditions. Odontogenic-associated genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively, and significant differences were observed between the two co-culture systems. The BMP7 and EREG expression levels in FDPCs were significantly higher than in ADPCs, as indicated by human growth factor PCR arrays and immunofluorescence analyses. OEs co-cultured with ADPCs supplemented with BMP7 and EREG expressed ameloblastic differentiation genes. Our study suggests that BMP7 and EREG expression in late bell-stage human dental papilla contributes to the inductive potential of dental mesenchyme. Furthermore, adult dental pulp cells supplemented with these two growth factors re-established the inductive potential of postnatal dental pulp tissue.
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Bhoj M, Zhang C, Green DW. A First Step in De Novo Synthesis of a Living Pulp Tissue Replacement Using Dental Pulp MSCs and Tissue Growth Factors, Encapsulated within a Bioinspired Alginate Hydrogel. J Endod 2015; 41:1100-7. [PMID: 25958179 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A living, self-supporting pulp tissue replacement in vitro and for transplantation is an attractive yet unmet bioengineering challenge. Our aim is to create 3-dimensional alginate-based microenvironments that replicate the shape of gutta-percha and comprise key elements for the proliferation of progenitor cells and the release of growth factors. METHODS An RGD-bearing alginate framework was used to encapsulate dental pulp stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a ratio of 1:1. The alginate hydrogel also retained and delivered 2 key growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-121 and fibroblast growth factor, in a sufficient amount to induce proliferation. A method was then devised to replicate the shape of gutta-percha using RGD alginate within a custom-made mold of thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide. Plugs of alginate containing different permutations of growth factor-based encapsulates were tested and evaluated for viability, proliferation, and release kinetics between 1 and 14 days. RESULTS According to scanning electron microscopic and confocal microscopic observations, the encapsulated human endothelial cells and dental pulp stem cell distribution were frequent and extensive throughout the length of the construct. There were also high levels of viability in all test environments. Furthermore, cell proliferation was higher in the growth factor-based groups. Growth factor release kinetics also showed significant differences between them. Interestingly, the combination of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor synergize to significantly up-regulate cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RGD-alginate scaffolds can be fabricated into shapes to fill the pulp space by simple templating. The addition of dual growth factors to cocultures of stem cells within RGD-alginate scaffolds led to the creation of microenvironments that significantly enhance the proliferation of dental pulp stem cell/human umbilical vein endothelial cell combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Bhoj
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Comprehensive Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
| | - David W Green
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
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Stem Cells from Dental Tissue for Regenerative Dentistry and Medicine. Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6542-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Tziafa C, Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Papadimitriou S, Tziafas D. Dentinogenic responses after direct pulp capping of miniature swine teeth with Biodentine. J Endod 2014; 40:1967-71. [PMID: 25308154 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate pulpal responses after experimental direct pulp capping of mechanically exposed teeth with a new calcium silicate-based dentin replacement material. METHODS Thirty-four anterior and posterior teeth of 3 miniature swine were used. Class V or I cavities were prepared on the buccal or occlusal surfaces, respectively. Pulpal exposures were further performed using a round carbide bur 0.8 mm in diameter. Exposures were treated with white MTA Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) or Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France), and the cavities were further restored with Biodentine. The pulpal tissue responses were histologically assessed at postoperative periods of 3 and 8 weeks. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Inflammatory infiltration or pulp tissue necrosis was not found in any of the specimens. All teeth showed mineralized matrix formation in the form of a complete hard tissue bridge composed of osteodentin or osteodentin followed by a discontinuous or continuous reparative dentin zone. A significantly higher thickness of the hard tissue bridge was found in the group of teeth treated with Biodentine at both 3 and 8 weeks. A number of teeth, which were under root development at the onset of the experimental procedures, exhibited ectopic pulp calcification. CONCLUSIONS The application of both calcium silicate-based materials in direct contact with the mechanically exposed pulp of healthy miniature swine teeth led to pulp repair with complete hard tissue bridge formation. The thickness of hard tissue bridges was significantly higher after pulp capping with Biodentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tziafa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugenia Koliniotou-Koumpia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serafim Papadimitriou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tziafas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kabir R, Gupta M, Aggarwal A, Sharma D, Sarin A, Kola MZ. Imperative role of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative therapies: a systematic review. Niger J Surg 2014; 20:1-8. [PMID: 24665194 PMCID: PMC3953626 DOI: 10.4103/1117-6806.127092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are primitive cells that can differentiate and regenerate organs in different parts of the body such as heart, bones, muscles and nervous system. This has been a field of great clinical interest with immense possibilities of using the stem cells in regeneration of human organ those are damaged due to disease, developmental defects and accident. The knowledge of stem cell technology is increasing quickly in all medical specialties and in dental field too. Stem cells of dental origin appears to hold the key to various cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine, but most avenues are in experimental stages and many procedures are undergoing standardization and validation. Long-term preservation of SHED cells or DPSC is becoming a popular consideration, similar to the banking of umbilical cord blood. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the adult multipotent cells that reside in the cell rich zone of the dental pulp. The multipotent nature of these DPSCs may be utilized in both dental and medical applications. A systematic review of the literature was performed using various internet based search engines (PubMed, Medline Plus, Cochrane, Medknow, Ebsco, Science Direct, Hinari, WebMD, IndMed, Embase) using keywords like “dental pulp stem cells”, “regeneration”, “medical applications”, “tissue engineering”. DPSCs appears to be a promising innovation for the re-growth of tissues however, long term clinical studies need to be carried out that could establish some authentic guidelines in this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramchandra Kabir
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avanti Aggarwal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Sarin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Zaheer Kola
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj (KSA)
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Kim J, Choi H, Jeong B, Oh S, Hur S, Lee B, Kim S, Nör J, Koh J, Hwang Y. Transcriptional factor ATF6 is involved in odontoblastic differentiation. J Dent Res 2014; 93:483-9. [PMID: 24570149 PMCID: PMC6728569 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514525199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound transcription factor that regulates various cellular functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ATF6 in odontoblast differentiation. Rat tooth germs were isolated, changes in gene expression were evaluated over time, and localization of ATF6 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were cultured with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 5 mmol/L β-glycerophosphate or 100 ng/mL bone morphogenetic protein 2 to induce differentiation. Translocation of ATF6 was observed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Overexpression of ATF6 was performed with an adenoviral vector. Matrix mineralization was evaluated by alizarin red staining. Immunoreactivity to anti-ATF6 was observed in the odontoblastic layer of the molar tooth germ, and expressions of ATF6, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) increased gradually during tooth germ development. When HDPCs were cultured in differentiation media, ATF6, DSPP, and DMP1 expression increased with the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers, BiP and CHOP. Immunofluorescence results showed that ATF6 protein moved from cytoplasm to nucleus when cells were exposed to differentiation media. Notably, overexpression of ATF6 increased DSPP and DMP1 expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and matrix mineralization in HDPC cultures. Inhibition of ATF6 decreased ALP activity and mineralization. These results suggest that ER membrane-bound transcriptional factor ATF6 may be involved in odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University,
Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental
Therapeutics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B.C. Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental
Therapeutics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S.H. Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental
Therapeutics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S.W. Hur
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental
Therapeutics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - B.N. Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University,
Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S.H. Kim
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J.E. Nör
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory,
Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan,
School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
| | - J.T. Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental
Therapeutics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y.C. Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University,
Gwangju, Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization
Disorders, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Niu LN, Sun JQ, Li QH, Jiao K, Shen LJ, Wu D, Tay F, Chen JH. Intrafibrillar-silicified collagen scaffolds enhance the osteogenic capacity of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent 2014; 42:839-49. [PMID: 24705068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of intrafibrillar-silicified collagen scaffolds (ISCS) on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The hDPSCs were co-cultured with ISCS or nonsilicified collagen scaffolds (NCS) in control medium (CM) or osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM). Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry to measure the viability of hDPSCs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes and proteins of hDPSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red S assay were used to evaluate the ALP activity of hDPSCs and their calcium deposition potential. In addition, hDPSCs and scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 8 weeks. Harvested tissues were immunohistochemically stained for osteocalcin (OCN) expression from hDPSCs, and stained with alizarin red S for examination of their calcium deposition in vivo. RESULTS The ISCS had no adverse effect on hDPSCs, promoted their proliferation, and significantly up-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. The hDPSCs co-cultured with ISCS in ODM exhibited the highest ALP activity and calcium deposition in vitro. The ISCS promoted the OCN expression and calcium deposition of hDPSCs after ectopic transplantation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Intrafibrillar-silicified collagen scaffolds significantly promoted the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPSCs, when compared with NCS. This study demonstrates combining the use of hDPSCs and ISCS to promote bone-like tissue formation is a promising approach for clinical bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jia-qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qi-hong Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li-juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Medical Department, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Franklin Tay
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Mathieu S, Jeanneau C, Sheibat-Othman N, Kalaji N, Fessi H, About I. Usefulness of controlled release of growth factors in investigating the early events of dentin-pulp regeneration. J Endod 2014; 39:228-35. [PMID: 23321236 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little information is yet available on the signals involved in progenitor cell migration that precede reparative dentin synthesis. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the controlled release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on permanent teeth pulp cell proliferation and progenitor cell migration. METHODS FGF-2 and TGF-β1 were encapsulated into a biodegradable polymer matrix of lactide and glycolide. Human pulp cells were prepared from third molars, and progenitor cells were sorted by STRO-1. The synthesized microsphere toxicity was checked with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. The growth factor release kinetics were checked by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while maintaining their biological activity and were evaluated by investigating their effects on pulp cell proliferation. Their chemotactic potential was investigated on STRO-1-sorted cells in a migration chamber on Matrigel (Cambrex Bio Science, Walkersville, MD). RESULTS The cell viability was unaffected by the presence of microspheres. The released amount of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 from the microspheres was maintained after 21 days. Increasing the FGF-2-loaded microsphere concentration or the release period significantly increased dental pulp cell proliferation. TGF-β1 acted as a potent chemotactic factor of STRO-1-sorted cells. CONCLUSIONS Encapsulating TGF-β1 and FGF-2 in a biodegradable polymer of lactide and glycolide microsphere allowed a sustained release of growth factors and provided a protection to their biological activities. Our results clearly show the usefulness of growth factor controlled release in investigating the early events of pulp/dentin regeneration. It provides additional data on the signals required for vital pulp therapy and future tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Mathieu
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Sowmya S, Bumgardener JD, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Role of nanostructured biopolymers and bioceramics in enamel, dentin and periodontal tissue regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Ajay Sharma L, Sharma A, Dias GJ. Advances in regeneration of dental pulp--a literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:85-98. [PMID: 23946258 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the biological response of dentin-pulp complexes to a variety of stimuli and responses to current treatment therapies and reviews the role of tissue engineering and its application in regenerative endodontics. An electronic search was undertaken based on keywords using Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid database resources up to March 2012 to identify appropriate articles, supplemented by a manual search using reference lists from relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were mainly based on different combinations of keywords and restricted to articles published in English language only. Biological approaches based on tissue engineering principles were found to offer the possibility of restoring natural tooth vitality, with distinct evidence that regeneration of lost dental tissues is possible. Studies to formulate an ideal restorative material with regenerative properties, however, are still under way. Further research with supporting clinical studies is required to identify the most effective and safe treatment therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Ajay Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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