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Wright AM, Wu YC, Feng L, Wen Q. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: Current techniques and future advancements. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5162. [PMID: 38715420 PMCID: PMC11303114 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a critical role in metabolic waste clearance from the brain, requiring its circulation throughout various brain pathways, including the ventricular system, subarachnoid spaces, para-arterial spaces, interstitial spaces, and para-venous spaces. The complexity of CSF circulation has posed a challenge in obtaining noninvasive measurements of CSF dynamics. The assessment of CSF dynamics throughout its various circulatory pathways is possible using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with optimized sensitivity to incoherent water movement across the brain. This review presents an overview of both established and emerging diffusion MRI techniques designed to measure CSF dynamics and their potential clinical applications. The discussion offers insights into the optimization of diffusion MRI acquisition parameters to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diffusion metrics on underlying CSF dynamics. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of cautious interpretations of diffusion-based imaging, especially when differentiating between tissue- and fluid-related changes or elucidating structural versus functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Wright
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Department, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Department, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Li Feng
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research
(CAI2R), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York,
USA
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Department, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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2
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Agarwal N, Fan A, Huang X, Dehkharghani S, van der Kolk A. ISMRM Clinical Focus Meeting 2023: "Imaging the Fire in the Brain". J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39193867 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Set during the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), the "Clinical Focus Meeting" (CFM) aims to bridge the gap between innovative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scientific research and daily patient care. This initiative is dedicated to maximizing the impact of MRI technology on healthcare outcomes for patients. At the 2023 Annual Meeting, clinicians and scientists from across the globe were invited to discuss neuroinflammation from various angles (entitled "Imaging the Fire in the Brain"). Topics ranged from fundamental mechanisms and biomarkers of neuroinflammation to the role of different contrast mechanisms, including both proton and non-proton techniques, in brain tumors, autoimmune disorders, and pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases. Discussions also delved into how systemic inflammation can trigger neuroinflammation and the role of the gut-brain axis in causing brain inflammation. Neuroinflammation arises from various external and internal factors and serves as a vital mechanism to mitigate tissue damage and provide neuroprotection. Nonetheless, excessive neuroinflammatory responses can lead to significant tissue injury and subsequent neurological impairments. Prolonged neuroinflammation can result in cellular apoptosis and neurodegeneration, posing severe consequences. MRI can be used to visualize these consequences, by detecting blood-brain barrier damage, characterizing brain lesions, quantifying edema, and identifying specific metabolites. It also facilitates monitoring of chronic changes in both the brain and spinal cord over time, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. This paper represents a summary of the 2023 CFM, and is intended to guide the enthusiastic MR user to several key and novel sequences that MRI offers to image pathophysiologic processes underlying acute and chronic neuroinflammation. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Agarwal
- Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Audrey Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Seena Dehkharghani
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anja van der Kolk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li K, Wang S, Luo X, Zeng Q, Liu X, Hong L, Li J, Hong H, Xu X, Zhang Y, Jiaerken Y, Zhang R, Xie L, Xu S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang M, Huang P. Associations of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Small Vessel Disease With Cerebral White Matter Degeneration: A Tract-Based MR Diffusion Imaging Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:268-278. [PMID: 37737474 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter (WM) degeneration is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate how amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and small vascular disease (SVD) jointly affect WM degeneration in subjects along AD continuum. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS 152 non-demented participants (age: 55.8-91.6, male/female: 66/86) from the ADNI database were included, classified into three groups using the A (Aβ)/T (tau)/N pathological scheme (Group 1: A-T-; Group 2: A+T-; Group 3: A+T+) based on positron emission tomography data. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T; T1-weighted images, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, T2*-weighted images, diffusion-weighted spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence (54 diffusion directions). ASSESSMENT Free-water diffusion model (generated parameters: free water, FW; tissue fractional anisotropy, FAt; tissue mean diffusivity, MDt); SVD total score; Neuropsychological tests. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent contribution of AD (Aβ and tau) and SVD pathologies to diffusion parameters in each fiber tract, first in the entire population and then in each subgroup. We also investigated associations between diffusion parameters and cognitive functions. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (false discovery rate corrected). RESULTS In the entire population, we found that: 1) Increased FW was significantly associated with SVD and tau, while FAt and MDt were significantly associated with Aβ and tau; 2) The spatial pattern of fiber tracts related to a certain pathological marker is consistent with the known distribution of that pathology; 3) Subgroup analysis showed that Group 2 and 3 had more alterations of FAt and MDt associated with Aβ and tau; 4) Diffusion imaging indices showed significant associations with cognitive score in all domains except memory. DATA CONCLUSION WM microstructural injury was associated with both AD and SVD pathologies, showing compartment-specific, tract-specific, and stage-specific WM patterns. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Hong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linyun Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li Q, Chen Y, Feng W, Cai J, Gao J, Ge F, Zhou T, Wang Z, Ding F, Marshall C, Sheng C, Zhang Y, Sun M, Shi J, Xiao M. Drainage of senescent astrocytes from brain via meningeal lymphatic routes. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:85-96. [PMID: 35427759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress on the central lymphatic system has greatly increased our understanding of how the brain maintains its own waste homeostasis. Here, we showed that perivascular spaces and meningeal lymphatic vessels form a functional route for clearance of senescent astrocytes from the aging brain. Blocking meningeal lymphatic drainage by ligation of the deep cervical lymph nodes impaired clearance of senescent astrocytes from brain parenchyma, subsequently increasing neuroinflammation in aged mice. By contrast, enhancing meningeal lymphatic vessel diameter by a recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding mouse vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) improved clearance of senescent astrocytes and mitigated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, VEGF-C was highly expressed in senescent astrocytes, contributing themselves to migrate across lymphatic vessels along C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) gradient by interacting with VEGF receptor 3. Moreover, intra-cisternal injection of antibody against CCL21 hampered senescent astrocytes into the lymphatic vessels and exacerbated short memory defects of aged mice. Together, these findings reveal a new perspective for the meningeal lymphatics in the removal of senescent astrocytes, thus offering a valuable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiachen Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Junying Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Charles Marshall
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, 41701, USA
| | - Chengyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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5
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Felix C, Chahine LM, Hengenius J, Chen H, Rosso AL, Zhu X, Cao Z, Rosano C. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Olfactory System in Older Adults With and Without Hyposmia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:648598. [PMID: 34744681 PMCID: PMC8569942 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.648598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare gray matter microstructural characteristics of higher-order olfactory regions among older adults with and without hyposmia. Methods: Data from the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) were obtained in 1998–99 for 265 dementia-free adults from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (age at BSIT: 74.9 ± 2.7; 62% White; 43% male) who received 3T diffusion tensor imaging in 2006–08 [Interval of time: mean (SD): 8.01 years (0.50)], Apolipoprotein (ApoEε4) genotypes, and repeated 3MS assessments until 2011–12. Cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment, dementia, normal cognition) was adjudicated in 2011–12. Hyposmia was defined as BSIT ≤ 8. Microstructural integrity was quantified by mean diffusivity (MD) in regions of the primary olfactory cortex amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (including olfactory cortex, gyrus rectus, the orbital parts of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus), and hippocampus. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for total brain atrophy, demographics, cognitive status, and ApoEε4 genotype. Results: Hyposmia in 1998–99 (n = 57, 21.59%) was significantly associated with greater MD in 2006–08, specifically in the orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus, and amygdala, on the right [adjusted beta (p value): 0.414 (0.01); 0.527 (0.01); respectively]. Conclusion: Older adults with higher mean diffusivity in regions important for olfaction are more likely to have hyposmia up to ten years prior. Future studies should address whether hyposmia can serve as an early biomarker of brain microstructural abnormalities for older adults with a range of cognitive functions, including those with normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lana M Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James Hengenius
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zichun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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6
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Jiaerken Y, Lian C, Huang P, Yu X, Zhang R, Wang S, Hong H, Luo X, Yap PT, Shen D, Zhang M. Dilated perivascular space is related to reduced free-water in surrounding white matter among healthy adults and elderlies but not in patients with severe cerebral small vessel disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2561-2570. [PMID: 33818186 PMCID: PMC8504939 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211005875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular space facilitates cerebral interstitial water clearance. However, it is unclear how dilated perivascular space (dPVS) affects the interstitial water of surrounding white matter. We aimed to determine the presence and extent of changes in normal-appearing white matter water components around dPVS in different populations. Twenty healthy elderly subjects and 15 elderly subjects with severe cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD, with lacunar infarction 6 months before the scan) were included in our study. And other 28 healthy adult subjects were enrolled under a different scanning parameter to see if the results are comparable. The normal-appearing white matter around dPVS was categorized into 10 layers (1 mm thickness each) based on their distance to dPVS. We evaluated the mean isotropic-diffusing water volume fraction in each layer. We discovered a significantly reduced free-water content in the layers closely adjacent to the dPVS in the healthy elderlies. however, this reduction around dPVS was weaker in the CSVD subjects. We also discovered an elevated free-water content within dPVS. DPVS played different roles in healthy subjects or CSVD subjects. The reduced water content around dPVS in healthy subjects suggests these MR-visible PVSs are not always related to the stagnation of fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunfeng Lian
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pew-Thian Yap
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dinggang Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.,Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Lan H, Toga AW, Sepehrband F. Three-dimensional self-attention conditional GAN with spectral normalization for multimodal neuroimaging synthesis. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1718-1733. [PMID: 33961321 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new 3D generative adversarial network that is designed and optimized for the application of multimodal 3D neuroimaging synthesis. METHODS We present a 3D conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) that uses spectral normalization and feature matching to stabilize the training process and ensure optimization convergence (called SC-GAN). A self-attention module was also added to model the relationships between widely separated image voxels. The performance of the network was evaluated on the data set from ADNI-3, in which the proposed network was used to predict PET images, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity maps from multimodal MRI. Then, SC-GAN was applied on a multidimensional diffusion MRI experiment for superresolution application. Experiment results were evaluated by normalized RMS error, peak SNR, and structural similarity. RESULTS In general, SC-GAN outperformed other state-of-the-art GAN networks including 3D conditional GAN in all three tasks across all evaluation metrics. Prediction error of the SC-GAN was 18%, 24% and 29% lower compared to 2D conditional GAN for fractional anisotropy, PET and mean diffusivity tasks, respectively. The ablation experiment showed that the major contributors to the improved performance of SC-GAN are the adversarial learning and the self-attention module, followed by the spectral normalization module. In the superresolution multidimensional diffusion experiment, SC-GAN provided superior predication in comparison to 3D Unet and 3D conditional GAN. CONCLUSION In this work, an efficient end-to-end framework for multimodal 3D medical image synthesis (SC-GAN) is presented. The source code is also made available at https://github.com/Haoyulance/SC-GAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Lan
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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8
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Buckley RF. Recent Advances in Imaging of Preclinical, Sporadic, and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:709-727. [PMID: 33782864 PMCID: PMC8423933 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological changes in vivo with neuroimaging provides invaluable opportunities to understand and predict the course of disease. Neuroimaging AD biomarkers also allow for real-time tracking of disease-modifying treatment in clinical trials. With recent neuroimaging advances, along with the burgeoning availability of longitudinal neuroimaging data and big-data harmonization approaches, a more comprehensive evaluation of the disease has shed light on the topographical staging and temporal sequencing of the disease. Multimodal imaging approaches have also promoted the development of data-driven models of AD-associated pathological propagation of tau proteinopathies. Studies of autosomal dominant, early sporadic, and late sporadic courses of the disease have shed unique insights into the AD pathological cascade, particularly with regard to genetic vulnerabilities and the identification of potential drug targets. Further, neuroimaging markers of b-amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration have provided a powerful tool for validation of novel fluid cerebrospinal and plasma markers. This review highlights some of the latest advances in the field of human neuroimaging in AD across these topics, particularly with respect to positron emission tomography and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and Florey Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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9
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Donahue EK, Murdos A, Jakowec MW, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Toga AW, Petzinger GM, Sepehrband F. Global and Regional Changes in Perivascular Space in Idiopathic and Familial Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1126-1136. [PMID: 33470460 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glymphatic system, including the perivascular space (PVS), plays a critical role in brain homeostasis. Although mounting evidence from Alzheimer's disease has supported the potential role of PVS in neurodegenerative disorders, its contribution in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. Although idiopathic (IPD) and familial PD (FPD) share similar pathophysiology in terms of protein aggregation, the differential impact of PVS on PD subtypes remains unknown. Our objective was to examine the differences in PVS volume fraction in IPD and FPD compared to healthy controls (HCs) and nonmanifest carriers (NMCs). METHODS A total of 470 individuals were analyzed from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, including (1) IPD (n = 179), (2) FPD (LRRK2 [leucine-rich repeat kinase 2], glucocerebrosidase, or α-synuclein) (n = 67), (3) NMC (n = 101), and (4) HCs (n = 84). Total PVS volume fraction (%) was compared using parcellation and quantitation within greater white matter volume at global and regional levels in all cortical and subcortical white matter. RESULTS There was a significant increase in global and regional PVS volume fraction in PD versus non-PD, particularly in FPD versus NMC and LRRK2 FPD versus NMC. Regionally, FPD and NMC differed in the medial orbitofrontal region, as did LRRK2 FPD versus NMC. Non-PD and PD differed in the medial orbitofrontal region and the banks of the superior temporal regions. IPD and FPD differed in the cuneus and lateral occipital regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of PVS in PD and highlight a potentially significant contribution of PVS to the pathophysiology of FPD, particularly LRRK2. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amjad Murdos
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giselle M Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Volumetric distribution of perivascular space in relation to mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:28-43. [PMID: 33422892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to early cognitive decline are increasingly recognized, prompting further investigation into the nature of related changes in perivascular spaces (PVS). Using magnetic resonance imaging, we show that, compared to a cognitively normal sample, individuals with early cognitive dysfunction have altered PVS presence and distribution, irrespective of Amyloid-β. Surprisingly, we noted lower PVS presence in the anterosuperior medial temporal lobe (asMTL) (1.29 times lower PVS volume fraction in cognitively impaired individuals, p < 0.0001), which was associated with entorhinal neurofibrillary tau tangle deposition (beta (standard error) = -0.98 (0.4); p = 0.014), one of the hallmarks of early Alzheimer's disease pathology. We also observed higher PVS volume fraction in centrum semi-ovale of the white matter, but only in female participants (1.47 times higher PVS volume fraction in cognitively impaired individuals, p = 0.0011). We also observed PVS changes in participants with history of hypertension (higher in the white matter and lower in the asMTL). Our results suggest that anatomically specific alteration of the PVS is an early neuroimaging feature of cognitive impairment in aging adults, which is differentially manifested in female.
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Barisano G, Law M, Custer RM, Toga AW, Sepehrband F. Perivascular Space Imaging at Ultrahigh Field MR Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2020; 29:67-75. [PMID: 33237016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of 7 T MR imaging scanners for clinical use has introduced the possibility to study the brain not only in physiologic but also in pathologic conditions at ultrahigh field (UHF). Because UHF MR imaging offers higher signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution compared with lower field clinical scanners, the benefits of UHF MR imaging are particularly evident for imaging small anatomic structures, such as the cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS). In this article, the authors describe the application of UHF MR imaging for the investigation of PVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barisano
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Health, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rachel M Custer
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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