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Lv Z, Hu Y, Tan J, Wang X, Liu X, Zeng C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Immunopathogenesis of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Trionyx sinensis) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111218. [PMID: 34827211 PMCID: PMC8615003 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) is an important cultured reptile in East Asia. Hemorrhagic sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection is the dominant disease in the aquaculture of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, while the molecular pathology is far from clear due to the lag of research on turtle immunology. It has been reported in mammals and fish that the dysfunction of immune responses to pathogen infections causes host tissue hemorrhagic sepsis. In this study, two groups of turtles with different susceptibility to A. hydrophila infection are found. A comparative transcriptome strategy is adopted to examine the gene expression profiles in liver and spleen for these two phenotypes of turtles post A. hydrophila infection, for the first time revealing the full picture of immune mechanisms against A. hydrophila, which provides new insight into the molecular pathology during A. hydrophila infection in T. sinensis. The findings will promote further investigations on pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhagic sepsis caused by A. hydrophila infection in T. sinensis, and also will benefit their culture industry. Abstract Although hemorrhagic sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection is the dominant disease in the aquaculture of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, information on its molecular pathology is seriously limited. In this study, ninety turtles intraperitoneally injected with A. hydrophila exhibited two different phenotypes based on the pathological symptoms, referred to as active and inactive turtles. Comparative transcriptomes of liver and spleen from these two groups at 6, 24, and 72 h post-injection (hpi) were further analyzed. The results showed that cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, PRRs mediated signaling pathway, apoptosis, and phagocytosis enriched in active and inactive turtles were significantly different. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, the TLR signaling pathway, NLR signaling pathway, and RLR signaling pathway mediating cytokine expression, and apoptosis-related genes, were significantly up-regulated in inactive turtles at the early stage (6 hpi). The significant up-regulation of phagocytosis-related genes occurred at 24 hpi in inactive turtles and relatively lagged behind those in active turtles. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10, was significantly up-regulated during the tested periods (6, 24, and 72 hpi) in active turtles. These findings offer valuable information for the understanding of molecular immunopathogenesis after A. hydrophila infection, and facilitate further investigations on strategies against hemorrhagic sepsis in Chinese soft-shelled turtle T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yazhou Hu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jin Tan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Cong Zeng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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Milburn JV, Hoog AM, Winkler S, van Dongen KA, Leitner J, Patzl M, Saalmüller A, de Luca K, Steinberger P, Mair KH, Gerner W. Expression of CD9 on porcine lymphocytes and its relation to T cell differentiation and cytokine production. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104080. [PMID: 33781781 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on two novel monoclonal antibodies, specific for porcine CD9. CD9 is a tetraspanin that is expressed on a wide variety of cells. We phenotyped porcine immune cell subsets and found that CD9 was expressed on all monocytes as well as a subset of B cells. CD9 was variably expressed on T cells, with CD4 T cells containing the highest frequency of CD9+ cells. CD9 expression positively correlated with the frequency of central memory CD4 T cells in ex vivo PBMC. Therefore, we proceeded to explore CD9 as a marker of T cell function. Here we observed that CD9 was expressed on the vast majority of long-lived influenza A virus-specific effector cells that retained the capacity for cytokine production in response to in vitro recall antigen. Therefore, the new antibodies enable the detection of a cell surface molecule with functional relevance to T cells. Considering the importance of CD9 in membrane remodelling across many cell types, they will also benefit the wider field of swine biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma V Milburn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M Hoog
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Winkler
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katinka A van Dongen
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Patzl
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karelle de Luca
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Karam J, Méresse S, Kremer L, Daher W. The roles of tetraspanins in bacterial infections. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13260. [PMID: 32902857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a wide family composed of 33 transmembrane proteins, are associated with different types of proteins through which they arbitrate important cellular processes such as fusion, adhesion, invasion, tissue differentiation and immunological responses. Tetraspanins share a comparable structural design, which consists of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains with cytoplasmic and extracellular loops. They cooperate with different proteins, including other tetraspanins, receptors or signalling proteins to compose functional complexes at the cell surface, designated tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). Increasing evidences establish that tetraspanins are exploited by numerous intracellular pathogens as a doorway for entering and replicating within human cells. Although previous surveys focused mainly on viruses and parasites, it is now becoming clear that bacteria interact with tetraspanins, using TEM as a "gateway" to infection. In this review, we examine the biological functions of tetraspanins that are relevant to bacterial infective procedures and consider the available data that reveal how different bacteria benefit from host cell tetraspanins in infection and in the pathogenesis of diseases. We will also emphasise the stimulating potentials of targeting tetraspanins for preventing bacterial infectious diseases, using specific neutralising antibodies or anti-adhesion peptide-based therapies. Such innovative therapeutic opportunities may deliver alternatives for fighting difficult-to-manage and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Karam
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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Saiz ML, Rocha-Perugini V, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanins as Organizers of Antigen-Presenting Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1074. [PMID: 29875769 PMCID: PMC5974036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells. APCs internalize and process antigens, producing immunogenic peptides that enable antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, which provide the signals that trigger T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, and lead to adaptive immune responses. After detection of microbial antigens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), APCs migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where antigen presentation to T lymphocytes takes place. Tetraspanins are membrane proteins that organize specialized membrane platforms, called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, which integrate membrane receptors, like PRR and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), adhesion proteins, and signaling molecules. Importantly, through the modulation of the function of their associated membrane partners, tetraspanins regulate different steps of the immune response. Several tetraspanins can positively or negatively regulate the activation threshold of immune receptors. They also play a role during migration of APCs by controlling the surface levels and spatial arrangement of adhesion molecules and their subsequent intracellular signaling. Finally, tetraspanins participate in antigen processing and are important for priming of naïve T cells through the control of T-cell co-stimulation and MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation. In this review, we discuss the role of tetraspanins in APC biology and their involvement in effective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Saiz
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Pathophysiology Research Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
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Huang L, Li J, Anboukaria H, Luo Z, Zhao M, Wu H. Comparative transcriptome analyses of seven anurans reveal functions and adaptations of amphibian skin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24069. [PMID: 27040083 PMCID: PMC4819189 DOI: 10.1038/srep24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal skin, which is the tissue that directly contacts the external surroundings, has evolved diverse functions to adapt to various environments. Amphibians represent the transitional taxon from aquatic to terrestrial life. Exploring the molecular basis of their skin function and adaptation is important to understand the survival and evolutionary mechanisms of vertebrates. However, comprehensive studies on the molecular mechanisms of skin functions in amphibians are scarce. In this study, we sequenced the skin transcriptomes of seven anurans belonging to three families and compared the similarities and differences in expressed genes and proteins. Unigenes and pathways related to basic biological processes and special functions, such as defense, immunity, and respiration, were enriched in functional annotations. A total of 108 antimicrobial peptides were identified. The highly expressed genes were similar in species of the same family but were different among families. Additionally, the positively selected orthologous groups were involved in biosynthesis, metabolism, immunity, and defense processes. This study is the first to generate extensive transcriptome data for the skin of seven anurans and provides unigenes and pathway candidates for further studies on amphibian skin function and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Housseni Anboukaria
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, China
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