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Hao R, Zhao M, Tayyab M, Lin Z, Zhang Y. The mucosal immunity in crustaceans: Inferences from other species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109785. [PMID: 39053584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs, hold significant ecological significance and substantial economic value within marine ecosystems. However, their susceptibility to disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections has posed major challenges to production in recent decades. As invertebrate, crustaceans primarily rely on their innate immune system for defense, lacking the adaptive immune system found in vertebrates. Mucosal immunity, acting as the frontline defense against a myriad of pathogenic microorganisms, is a crucial aspect of their immune repertoire. This review synthesizes insights from comparative immunology, highlighting parallels between mucosal immunity in vertebrates and innate immune mechanisms in invertebrates. Despite lacking classical adaptive immunity, invertebrates, including crustaceans, exhibit immune memory and rely on inherent "innate immunity factors" to combat invading pathogens. Drawing on parallels from mammalian and piscine systems, this paper meticulously explores the complex role of mucosal immunity in regulating immune responses in crustaceans. Through the extrapolation from well-studied models like mammals and fish, this review infers the potential mechanisms of mucosal immunity in crustaceans and provides insights for research on mucosal immunity in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology and Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology and Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology and Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology and Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology and Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Qi Z, Pi X, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Wangkahart E, Meng F, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of the evolutionary conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) of soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:79-85. [PMID: 36087818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian evolutionary conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) is an important intracellular protein that involves in innate immunity, embryogenesis, and assembly or stability of the mitochondrial complex I. In the present study, the ECSIT was characterized in soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila). The full-length cDNA of mullet ECSIT was 1860 bp, encoding 449 amino acids. Mullet ECSIT shared 60.4%∼78.2% sequence identities with its teleost counterparts. Two conserved protein domains, ECSIT domain and C-terminal domain, were found in mullet ECSIT. Realtime qPCR analysis revealed that mullet ECSIT was distributed in all examined tissues with high expressions in spleen, head kidney (HK) and gill. Further analysis showed that mullet ECSIT in spleen was up-regulated from 6 h to 48 h after Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. In addition, the co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay confirmed that mullet ECSIT could interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Molecular docking revealed that the polar interaction and hydrophobic interaction play crucial roles in the forming of ECSIT-TRAF6 complex. The resides of mullet ECSIT that involved in the interaction between ECSIT and TRAF6 were Arg107, Glu113, Phe114, Glu124, Lys120 and Lys121, which mainly located in the ECSIT domain. Our results demonstrated that mullet ECSIT involved in the immune defense against bacterial and regulation of TLRs signaling pathway by interaction with TRAF6. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on ECSIT of soiny mullet, which deepen the understanding of ECSIT and its functions in the immune response of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.
| | - Xiangyu Pi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zisheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
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Chaitanya NSN, Tammineni P, Nagaraju GP, Reddy ABM. Pleiotropic roles of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) in pathophysiology. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3496-3504. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nyshadham S. N. Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Prasad Tammineni
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | | | - Aramati BM Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
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Ding D, Sun XJ, Yan M, Chen Q, Gao L, Kang CJ. The ECSIT Mediated Toll3-Dorsal-ALFs Pathway Inhibits Bacterial Amplification in Kuruma Shrimp. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807326. [PMID: 35173723 PMCID: PMC8841768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in animal innate immunity. However, its activation and signal transmission greatly differ across species and need to be investigated. Shrimp farming is a worldwide economic activity affected by bacterial disease from the 1990s, which promoted research on shrimp immunity. In this study, we first proved that, among the three identified Toll receptors in Marsupenaeus japonicus kuruma shrimp, Toll 3 plays a pivotal role in initiating the antibacterial response in vivo, especially upon anti-Staphylococcus aureus infection. Further research showed that this result was due to the activation of the Dorsal transcription factor, which induced the expression of two anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (Alfs). Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways, ECSIT, was proved to be needed for signal transmission from Toll 3 to Dorsal and the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors. Finally, the mortality assay showed that a Toll3-ECSIT-Dorsal-Alf axis was functional in the anti-S.aureus immunity of M. japonicus shrimp. The results provide new insights into the function and signal transduction of the Toll pathway in aquatic species and offer basic knowledge for shrimp disease control and genetic breeding.
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Gong Y, Wei X, Sun W, Ren X, Chen J, Aweya JJ, Ma H, Chan KG, Zhang Y, Li S. Exosomal miR-224 contributes to hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during bacterial infection in crustacean. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009837. [PMID: 34379706 PMCID: PMC8382196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that exosomes could serve as anti-microbial immune factors in animals. However, despite growing evidences have shown that the homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota was vital for immune regulation in crustaceans, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during pathogenic bacteria infection has not been addressed. Here, we reported that exosomes released from Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) could help to maintain the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota and have a protective effect on the mortality of the host during the infection process. We further confirmed that miR-224 was densely packaged in these exosomes, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex, then the released TRAF6 further interacted with Ecsit to regulate the production of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and the expression of Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) in recipient hemocytes, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in response to the pathogenic bacteria infection in mud crab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document that reports the role of exosome in the hemolymph microbiota homeostasis modulation during pathogen infection, which reveals the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and innate immune response in crustaceans. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin which are widely involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes in mammals. Yet, although the antibacterial function of exosomes has been discovered for many years, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis remains unknown. In the present study, we identified the miRNAs packaged by exosomes that were possibly involved in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by modulating hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Moreover, it was found that miR-224 was densely packaged in exosomes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, resulting in the suppression of HSP70 and disruption of the HSP70-TRAF6 complex in recipient hemocytes, then the released TRAF6 was further interacted with Ecsit to regulate ROS and ALFs levels, which eventually affected hemolymph microbiota homeostasis to cope with pathogenic bacteria infection. Our finding is the first to reveal the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis in animals, which shows a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrate resistance to pathogenic microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SL)
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Ge Q, Wang J, Li J, Li J. Identification, characterization, and functional analysis of Toll and ECSIT in Exopalaemon carinicauda. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103926. [PMID: 33238179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll and evolutionary conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) are two essential molecules in Toll/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling pathway. In this study, Toll and ECSIT (named as EcToll and EcECSIT) were identified for the first time from Exopalaemon carinicauda. EcToll mRNA transcripts were high expressed in hemocytes and gill, and EcECSIT was mainly expressed in gill. The expression levels of EcToll and EcECSIT in gills both responded rapidly to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV stimulations and three types of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes were significantly up-regulated by challenge with V. parahaemolyticus. Knockdown of EcToll or EcECSIT increased the sensitivity of E. carinicauda to V. parahaemolyticus challenge and double knockdown of both EcToll and EcECSIT significantly suppressed the bacterial clearance ability of E. carinicauda in vivo. Furthermore, suppressing EcToll restrained the upregulation of EcECSIT and AMPs and suppressing EcECSIT impaired expression of AMPs by V. parahaemolyticus injection, which indicated that EcToll restricted V. parahaemolyticus infection through activating EcECSIT to induce AMPs. This study provides valuable information about the function of Toll-ECSIT pathway in the innate immunity in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ge
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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7
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Pang H, Wang G, Zhou S, Wang J, Zhao J, Hoare R, Monaghan SJ, Wang Z, Sun C. Survival and immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following single and concurrent infections with WSSV and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:712-718. [PMID: 31252048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The survival and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus single and concurrent infections. The mortality, WSSV load, activities of 4 immune enzymes: acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the transcription of Evolutionarily Conserved Signaling Intermediate in Toll pathways of L.vannamei (LvECSIT) were quantified at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-infection (pi). The results showed: (i) the cumulative mortality of the co-infection group (WSSV and V. Parahaemolyticus 83%) was significantly lower than the WSSV infection group (97%) (P < 0.05) at 96 hpi; (ii) copies of WSSV in the co-infection group were significantly lower than that of the single infection group from 24 to 96 hpi (P < 0.05); (iii) ACP, AKP,POD and SOD activity in the gills of the co-infection group was higher than that of the WSSV group at12, 48 and 96 hpi (P < 0.05).The expression of LvECSIT mRNA in the co-infection group was significantly higher than in the WSSV infection group from 12 to 72 hpi (P < 0.05).The results indicate that proliferation of WSSV is inhibited by V.parahaemolyticus infection. In addition, infection with WSSV alone causes a significant reduction in some immune responses of shrimp than co-infection with WSSV and V.parahaemolyticus occurs at 26 °C. Third, LvECSIT, an essential member of TLR signaling pathway might play a crucial role in shrimp defense against WSSV - Vibrio co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shihui Zhou
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Jichen Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Rowena Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Ziling Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Tropical Invertebrates Aquaculture Research Center of Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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Rödin‐Mörch P, Luquet E, Meyer‐Lucht Y, Richter‐Boix A, Höglund J, Laurila A. Latitudinal divergence in a widespread amphibian: Contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2996-3011. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Rödin‐Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emilien Luquet
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alex Richter‐Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Ge Q, Li J, Li J, Wang J, Li Z. Immune response of Exopalaemon carinicauda infected with an AHPND-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:223-234. [PMID: 29288814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the immune response of Exopalaemon carinicauda infected with an AHPND-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND), three-generation breeding of shrimp selected for their survival to VPAHPND infection was applied to explore the relationship between immune parameters and AHPND-resistant capacity of E. carinicauda. In this study, the LD50 dose of 48 h and survival rates at 144 h of shrimp to VPAHPND increased from 106.0 to 106.6 cfu ml-1 and from 26.67% to 36.67% by three successive generations selection, respectively, while there was no significant difference between the first and second generation (p > .05). Then the immune parameters including vibrio density, total hemocyte counts (THCs), hemocyanin (HEM) concentration, antibacterial activity, activities of four immune enzymes, and expressions of eight immune-related genes were determined in the shrimp of the first (G1) and the third selective generation (G3). The results showed that the shrimp in G1 and G3 generation cleared most of VPAHPND infecting hepatopancreas during 24 h and 6 h post injection, respectively. The levels of THCs, HEM concentration, antibacterial activity, immune enzymes including lysozyme (LZM) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in cell-free hemolymph, and the expression levels of Tollip, ALF, cathepsin B in hemocytes and hepatopancreas, crustin, LZM, SR in hepatopancreas and LGBP in hemocytes were higher in G3 generation than in G1 generation after infection with VPAHPND, suggesting that these parameters may serve as potential disease-resistant indicators for evaluating the physiological status and disease-resistant capability of shrimp when infected with VPAHPND. To further test the role of above genes in the shrimp immune response, RNAi was used to suppress their expressions and a significant decrease in survival was observed in knockdown shrimp infected with VPAHPND as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ge
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Jitao Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhengdao Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
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10
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Xia WL, Kang LH, Liu CB, Kang CJ. Death associated protein 1 (DAP 1) positively regulates virus replication and apoptosis of hemocytes in shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:304-313. [PMID: 28212834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) is a small proline-rich cytoplasmic protein that functions both in the apoptosis and autophage process of mammalian and in the clinical cancer of human. However, little knowledge is known about the homologue gene of DAP1 and its roles in the physiological process of invertebrates. In this paper, we report a novel function of DAP1 in the antivirus immunity of shrimp. A homologue gene of DAP1 was cloned from Marsupenaeus japonicus and named as Mjdap-1. The full-length of Mjdap-1 was 1761 bp with a 309 bp open reading frame that encoded 102 amino acids. Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that Mjdap-1 was expressed in all tested tissues, including hemocytes, gills, intestines, stomach, heart, hepatopancreas, testes, and ovaries. In shrimp, Mjdap-1 transcripts were up-regulated by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection; Mjdap-1 knockdown decreased the virus copy in vivo and the mortality of M. japonicus to WSSV challenge. Conversely, injecting the purified recombinant MjDAP1 protein promoted the amplification of virus in shrimp. Flow cytometric assay showed, the virus infection-induced apoptosis of hemocytes was enhanced by MjDAP1 protein injection and inhibited in MjDAP1 knockdown shrimp. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was regulated by Mjdap-1, but the caspase transcripts were not affected. Our results suggested that MjDAP1 facilitated the amplification of virus in shrimp, which may be attributed to the promotion of hemocyte apoptosis in an AIF-dependent manner. These results provided a new insight into the function of this protein that may be used for virus disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Xia
- The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Li-Hua Kang
- The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Chang-Bin Liu
- The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Cui-Jie Kang
- The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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11
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Sun WW, Zhang XX, Wan WS, Wang SQ, Wen XB, Zheng HP, Zhang YL, Li SK. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) participates in anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) gene expression in mud crab. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:361-376. [PMID: 27581742 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a key cytoplasm signal adaptor that mediates signals activated by tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and the Interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1/TLR) superfamily. The full-length 2492 bp TRAF6 (Sp-TRAF6) from Scylla paramamosain contains 1800 bp of open reading frame (ORF) encoding 598 amino acids, including an N-terminal RING-type zinc finger, two TRAF-type zinc fingers and a conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. Multiple alignment analysis shows that the putative amino acid sequence of Sp-TRAf6 has highest identity of 88% with Pt-TRAF6 from Portunus trituberculatus, while the similarity of Sp-TRAF6 with other crustacean sequences was 54-55%. RT-PCR analysis indicated that Sp-TRAF6 transcripts were predominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas and stomach, whereas it was barely detected in the heart and hemocytes in our study. Moreover, Sp-TRAF6 transcripts were significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahemolyticus and LPS challenges. RNA interference assay was carried out used by siRNA to investigate the genes expression patterns regulated by Sp-TRAF6. The qRT-PCR results showed that silencing Sp-TRAF6 gene could inhibit SpALF1, SpALF2, SpALF5 and SpALF6 expression in hemocytes, while inhibit SpALF1, SpALF3, SpALF4, SpALF5 and SpALF6 expression in hepatopancreas. Taken together, the acute-phase response to immune challenges and the inhibition of SpALFs gene expression indicate that Sp-TRAF6 plays an important role in host defense against pathogen invasions via regulation of ALF gene expression in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin-Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei-Song Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huai-Ping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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12
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Sun JJ, Lan JF, Shi XZ, Yang MC, Niu GJ, Ding D, Zhao XF, Yu XQ, Wang JX. β-Arrestins Negatively Regulate the Toll Pathway in Shrimp by Preventing Dorsal Translocation and Inhibiting Dorsal Transcriptional Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7488-504. [PMID: 26846853 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immunity ofDrosophila melanogasterand mammals. The activation and termination of Toll signaling are finely regulated in these animals. Although the primary components of the Toll pathway were identified in shrimp, the functions and regulation of the pathway are seldom studied. We first demonstrated that the Toll signaling pathway plays a central role in host defense againstStaphylococcus aureusby regulating expression of antimicrobial peptides in shrimp. We then found that β-arrestins negatively regulate Toll signaling in two different ways. β-Arrestins interact with the C-terminal PEST domain of Cactus through the arrestin-N domain, and Cactus interacts with the RHD domain of Dorsal via the ankyrin repeats domain, forming a heterotrimeric complex of β-arrestin·Cactus·Dorsal, with Cactus as the bridge. This complex prevents Cactus phosphorylation and degradation, as well as Dorsal translocation into the nucleus, thus inhibiting activation of the Toll signaling pathway. β-Arrestins also interact with non-phosphorylated ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) through the arrestin-C domain to inhibit ERK phosphorylation, which affects Dorsal translocation into the nucleus and phosphorylation of Dorsal at Ser(276)that impairs Dorsal transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that β-arrestins negatively regulate the Toll signaling pathway by preventing Dorsal translocation and inhibiting Dorsal phosphorylation and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Jie Sun
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Ding Ding
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- the Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- From the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China and
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13
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Liu Q, Chen XW, Che CJ, Ding D, Kang CJ. Syntenin is involved in the bacteria clearance response of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:453-461. [PMID: 25731918 PMCID: PMC7111636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Syntenin is a multifunctional cytosolic adaptor protein that contributes to cell migration, proliferation, attachment, and apoptosis, as well as immune response to virus, in vertebrates. However, the functions of syntenin in the antibacterial response of invertebrates remain unclear. In this study, we identified a syntenin-like gene (MjSyn) from the kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) and detected its function in the antibacterial immunity of shrimp. The full-length MjSyn was 1223 bp with a 963 bp open reading frame that encodes 320 amino acids. The deduced MjSyn proteins contained two atypical PDZ domains (sequence repeat that was first reported in the postsynaptic density protein or PSD-95, DlgA, and ZO-1 protein), an N-terminal domain, and a C-terminal domain. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results showed that MjSyn was expressed in all tested tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that MjSyn transcripts in the hemocyte, gill, and intestine were significantly induced at various time points after infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum. The knockdown of the expression of MjSyn by RNA interference resulted in a significant decrease in the phagocytic ability and increased bacteria number in vivo of shrimp. Moreover, the expression of MjCnx, a cytoplasma and membrane location lectin chaperone protein, was inhibited in the MjSyn-knocked down shrimp, which indicated a possible calnexin-related way. Thus, the MjSyn participates in the bacterial clearance response of kuruma shrimp, thereby providing new insight into the function of this kind of important adaptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of the Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-wei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of the Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Chun-jing Che
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of the Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ding Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of the Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Cui-jie Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of the Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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