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Li R, Zhai S, Gao S, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhang X, Wang Z. Goose IFIT5 positively regulates goose astrovirus replication in GEF cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103930. [PMID: 38908126 PMCID: PMC11253660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs), a family of proteins strongly induced by type I interferon (IFN-I), are deeply involved in many cellular and viral processes. IFIT5, the sole protein in this family found in birds, also plays a crucial role in regulating virus infection. In this study, goose IFIT5 (gIFIT5) was first cloned from peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and phylogenetic analysis showed that it was highly homologous with duck IFIT5 (dIFIT5), sharing 94.6% identity in amino acid sequence. Subsequently, the expression kinetics of gIFIT5 during goose astrovirus (GAstV) infection and the regulatory effect of gIFIT5 on GAstV proliferation were evaluated. Results showed that the mRNA and protein expression level of gIFIT5 was greatly induced by GAstV infection, especially at 12 hpi. Importantly, gIFIT5 could conversely promote GAstV replication in GEF cells. Virus titers in gIFIT5 overexpression group were significantly higher than those in control group at 12 and 24 hpi. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) further demonstrated that the production of viral cap protein was significantly facilitated in gIFIT5-transfected group. Collectively, GAstV facilitates self-replication via promoting gIFIT5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Saimin Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shenyan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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2
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Husain M. Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs. Pathogens 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38392865 PMCID: PMC10893265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has been one of the most prevalent and researched viruses globally. Consequently, there is ample information available about influenza virus lifecycle and pathogenesis. However, there is plenty yet to be known about the determinants of influenza virus pathogenesis and disease severity. Influenza virus exploits host factors to promote each step of its lifecycle. In turn, the host deploys antiviral or restriction factors that inhibit or restrict the influenza virus lifecycle at each of those steps. Two broad categories of host restriction factors can exist in virus-infected cells: (1) encoded by the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and (2) encoded by the constitutively expressed genes that are not stimulated by interferons (non-ISGs). There are hundreds of ISGs known, and many, e.g., Mx, IFITMs, and TRIMs, have been characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different stages of its lifecycle by (1) blocking viral entry or progeny release, (2) sequestering or degrading viral components and interfering with viral synthesis and assembly, or (3) bolstering host innate defenses. Also, many non-ISGs, e.g., cyclophilins, ncRNAs, and HDACs, have been identified and characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different lifecycle stages by similar mechanisms. This review provides an overview of those ISGs and non-ISGs and how the influenza virus escapes the restriction imposed by them and aims to improve our understanding of the host restriction mechanisms of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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3
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Lin C, Zheng M, Xiao S, Wang S, Zhu X, Chen X, Jiang D, Zeng X, Chen S, Chen S. Duck cGAS inhibits DNA and RNA virus replication by activating IFNs and antiviral ISGs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101335. [PMID: 36733488 PMCID: PMC9887016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) is a pivotal adaptor of the signaling pathways involving the pattern recognition receptors and plays an important role in apoptosis and immune regulation. The cGAS function in mammals has been investigated extensively; however, the function of duck cGAS (du-cGAS) in response to viral infections is still unclear. This study aimed to clone the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) cGAS homolog to investigate the function of duck cGAS (du-cGAS) in host antiviral innate immunity. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) region of the du-cGAS gene was 1296 bp, encoding 432 amino acids (aa) and exhibiting similar functional domains with its chicken counterpart. Knockdown of the endogenous du-cGAS by specific sgRNA strongly increased the replication of DNA viruses, including duck adenovirus B2 (DAdV B2) and duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV). However, the knockout did not impair the replication of novel duck reovirus (NDRV), an RNA virus. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of type I interferon (IFNs) and vital interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were remarkably reduced in the du-cGAS knockout DEF cell line. Inversely, du-cGAS overexpression greatly activated the transcription of IFN-α, IFN-β, and vital ISGs, and impaired the replication of DAdV B2, SBDSV, and NDRV in the DEF cell line. Importantly, we found that a deletion of 68 aa in the N terminus didn't impair the antiviral function of du-cGAS. Overexpressing NTase Core, C-Domain (Mab21), or Zinc-Ribbon domain independently had no antiviral effects. Generally, these results reveal that du-cGAS is a vital component of the innate immune system of ducks, with a universal antiviral activity, and provides a useful strategy for the control of waterfowl viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shifeng Xiao
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiancheng Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoying Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
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4
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Dolinski AC, Homola JJ, Jankowski MD, Robinson JD, Owen JC. Host gene expression is associated with viral shedding magnitude in blue-winged teals (Spatula discors) infected with low-path avian influenza virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101909. [PMID: 36410069 PMCID: PMC10500253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in host infectiousness affects disease transmission dynamics in human, domestic animal, and many wildlife host-pathogen systems including avian influenza virus (AIV); therefore, identifying host factors related to host infectiousness is important for understanding, controlling, and preventing future outbreaks. Toward this goal, we used RNA-seq data collected from low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV)-infected blue-winged teal (Spatula discors) to determine the association between host gene expression and intraspecific variation in cloacal viral shedding magnitude, the transmissible fraction of virus. We found that host genes were differentially expressed between LPAIV-infected and uninfected birds early in the infection, host genes were differentially expressed between shed level groups at one-, three-, and five-days post-infection, host gene expression was associated with LPAIV infection patterns over time, and genes of the innate immune system had a positive linear relationship with cloacal viral shedding. This study provides important insights into host gene expression patterns associated with intraspecific LPAIV shedding variation and can serve as a foundation for future studies focused on the identification of host factors that drive or permit the emergence of high viral shedding individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Dolinski
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jared J Homola
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mark D Jankowski
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - John D Robinson
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer C Owen
- Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd., Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Michigan State University, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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5
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Dolinski AC, Homola JJ, Jankowski MD, Robinson JD, Owen JC. Differential gene expression reveals host factors for viral shedding variation in mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza virus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103:10.1099/jgv.0.001724. [PMID: 35353676 PMCID: PMC10519146 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding impacts disease transmission dynamics; therefore, understanding the host factors associated with individual variation in pathogen shedding is key to controlling and preventing outbreaks. In this study, ileum and bursa of Fabricius tissues of wild-bred mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) were evaluated at various post-infection time points to determine genetic host factors associated with intraspecific variation in viral shedding. By analysing transcriptome sequencing data (RNA-seq), we found that LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards do not exhibit differential gene expression compared to uninfected birds, but that gene expression was associated with cloacal viral shedding quantity early in the infection. In both tissues, immune gene expression was higher in high/moderate shedding birds compared to low shedding birds, and significant positive relationships with viral shedding were observed. In the ileum, expression for host genes involved in viral cell entry was lower in low shedders compared to moderate shedders at 1 day post-infection (DPI), and expression for host genes promoting viral replication was higher in high shedders compared to low shedders at 2 DPI. Our findings indicate that viral shedding is a key factor for gene expression differences in LPAIV-infected wild-bred mallards, and the genes identified in this study could be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving intraspecific variation in pathogen shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Dolinski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jared J. Homola
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mark D. Jankowski
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle,
WA 98101
| | - John D. Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jennifer C. Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Jastrzębski JP, Grzybek M, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Spleen Reveals Antiviral Response Genes in Chickens Infected with CAstV. Viruses 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34960643 PMCID: PMC8708055 DOI: 10.3390/v13122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrovirus infections pose a significant problem in the poultry industry, leading to multiple adverse effects such as a decreased egg production, breeding disorders, poor weight gain, and even increased mortality. The commonly observed chicken astrovirus (CAstV) was recently reported to be responsible for the "white chicks syndrome" associated with an increased embryo/chick mortality. CAstV-mediated pathogenesis in chickens occurs due to complex interactions between the infectious pathogen and the immune system. Many aspects of CAstV-chicken interactions remain unclear, and there is no information available regarding possible changes in gene expression in the chicken spleen in response to CAstV infection. We aim to investigate changes in gene expression triggered by CAstV infection. Ten 21-day-old SPF White Leghorn chickens were divided into two groups of five birds each. One group was inoculated with CAstV, and the other used as the negative control. At 4 days post infection, spleen samples were collected and immediately frozen at -70 °C for RNA isolation. We analyzed the isolated RNA, using RNA-seq to generate transcriptional profiles of the chickens' spleens and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA-seq findings were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 31,959 genes was identified in response to CAstV infection. Eventually, 45 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) were recognized in the spleen after CAstV infection (26 upregulated DEGs and 19 downregulated DEGs). qRT-PCR performed on four genes (IFIT5, OASL, RASD1, and DDX60) confirmed the RNA-seq results. The most differentially expressed genes encode putative IFN-induced CAstV restriction factors. Most DEGs were associated with the RIG-I-like signaling pathway or more generally with an innate antiviral response (upregulated: BLEC3, CMPK2, IFIT5, OASL, DDX60, and IFI6; downregulated: SPIK5, SELENOP, HSPA2, TMEM158, RASD1, and YWHAB). The study provides a global analysis of host transcriptional changes that occur during CAstV infection in vivo and proves that, in the spleen, CAstV infection in chickens predominantly affects the cell cycle and immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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McKellar J, Rebendenne A, Wencker M, Moncorgé O, Goujon C. Mammalian and Avian Host Cell Influenza A Restriction Factors. Viruses 2021; 13:522. [PMID: 33810083 PMCID: PMC8005160 DOI: 10.3390/v13030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of a new influenza pandemic is real. With past pandemics claiming millions of lives, finding new ways to combat this virus is essential. Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect incoming pathogens, a phenomenon called sensing. The signaling cascade triggered by sensing subsequently induces protection for themselves and their surrounding neighbors, termed interferon (IFN) response. This response induces the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including antiviral effectors, establishing an antiviral state. As well as the antiviral proteins induced through the IFN system, cells also possess a so-called intrinsic immunity, constituted of antiviral proteins that are constitutively expressed, creating a first barrier preceding the induction of the interferon system. All these combined antiviral effectors inhibit the virus at various stages of the viral lifecycle, using a wide array of mechanisms. Here, we provide a review of mammalian and avian influenza A restriction factors, detailing their mechanism of action and in vivo relevance, when known. Understanding their mode of action might help pave the way for the development of new influenza treatments, which are absolutely required if we want to be prepared to face a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe McKellar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoine Rebendenne
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM/CNRS/UCBL1/ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Olivier Moncorgé
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Caroline Goujon
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
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Bela-Ong DB, Greiner-Tollersrud L, Andreas van der Wal Y, Jensen I, Seternes OM, Jørgensen JB. Infection and microbial molecular motifs modulate transcription of the interferon-inducible gene ifit5 in a teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103746. [PMID: 32445651 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) are involved in antiviral defense. Members of this protein family contain distinctive multiple structural motifs comprising tetratricopeptides that are tandemly arrayed or dispersed along the polypeptide. IFIT-encoding genes are upregulated by type I interferons (IFNs) and other stimuli. IFIT proteins inhibit virus replication by binding to and regulating the functions of cellular and viral RNA and proteins. In teleost fish, knowledge about genes and functions of IFITs is currently limited. In the present work, we describe an IFIT5 orthologue in Atlantic salmon (SsaIFIT5) with characteristic tetratricopeptide repeat motifs. We show here that the gene encoding SsaIFIT5 (SsaIfit5) was ubiquitously expressed in various salmon tissues, while bacterial and viral challenge of live fish and in vitro stimulation of cells with recombinant IFNs and pathogen mimics triggered its transcription. The profound expression in response to various immune stimulation could be ascribed to the identified IFN response elements and binding sites for various immune-relevant transcription factors in the putative promoter of the SsaIfit5 gene. Our results establish SsaIfit5 as an IFN-stimulated gene in A. salmon and strongly suggest a phylogenetically conserved role of the IFIT5 protein in antimicrobial responses in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berbulla Bela-Ong
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Greiner-Tollersrud
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yorick Andreas van der Wal
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Vaxxinova Research &Development GmBH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Abstract
The disease caused by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is characterized by severe egg-drop in laying ducks. Currently, the disease has spread to most duck-raising areas in China, leading to great economic losses in the duck industry. In the recent years, DTMUV has raised some concerns, because of its expanding host range and increasing pathogenicity, as well as the potential threat to public health. Innate immunity is crucial for defending against invading pathogens in the early stages of infection. Recently, studies on the interaction between DTMUV and host innate immune response have made great progress. In the review, we provide an overview of DTMUV and summarize current advances in our understanding of the interaction between DTMUV and innate immunity, including the host innate immune responses to DTMUV infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), signaling transducer molecules, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the immune evasion strategies employed by DTMUV. The aim of the review is to gain an in-depth understanding of DTMUV pathogenesis to facilitate future studies.
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10
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Wu X, Liu K, Jia R, Pan Y, Wang M, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Zhang S, Huang J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Tian B, Pan L, Yu Y, Ur Rehman M, Yin Z, Jing B, Cheng A. Duck IFIT5 differentially regulates Tembusu virus replication and inhibits virus-triggered innate immune response. Cytokine 2020; 133:155161. [PMID: 32531745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats family proteins (IFITs) play important roles in host innate immune response to viruses. Recently, studies have shown that IFIT from poultry also plays a crucial part in antiviral function. This study first reports the regulation of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) replication by IFIT5 and the effect of duck IFIT5 (duIFIT5) on the innate immune response after DTMUV infection. Firstly, duIFIT5 was obviously increased in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs) infected with DTMUV. Compared to the negative control, we found that in the duIFIT5-overexpressing group, the DTMUV titer at 24 h post infection (hpi) was significantly reduced, but the viral titer was strikingly increased at 48 hpi. Moreover, overexpression of duIFIT5 could significantly inhibit IFN-β transcription and IFN-β promoter activation at indicated time points after DTMUV infection. Further, in DTMUV-infected or poly(I:C)-stimulated DEFs, overexpression of duIFIT5 also significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and IRF7 promoters, as well as the activation of downstream IFN induced the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter. Meanwhile, the transcription level of antiviral protein Mx, but not OASL, was obviously decreased at various time points. The opposite results were obtained by knockdown of duIFIT5 in DTMUV-infected or poly(I:C)-stimulated DEFs. Compared to the negative control, knockdown of duIFIT5 promoted DTMUV titer and DTMUV envelope (E) protein expression at 24 hpi, but DTMUV titer and E protein expression was markedly decreased at 48 hpi. Additionally, the promoters of IFN-β, NF-κB, IRF7 and ISRE were significantly activated in the duIFIT5 knockdown group. Collectively, duIFIT5 differentially regulates DTMUV replication and inhibits virus-triggered innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Wu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Centre of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Campbell LK, Magor KE. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32477965 PMCID: PMC7236763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial disease in this host. Mallards are often resistant to disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while the same strains can cause severe infection in humans, chickens, and even other species of ducks, resulting in systemic spread of the virus and even death. The differences in influenza detection and antiviral effectors responsible for limiting damage in the mallards are largely unknown. Domestic mallards have an early and robust innate response to infection that seems to limit replication and clear highly pathogenic strains. The regulation and timing of the response to influenza also seems to circumvent damage done by a prolonged or dysregulated immune response. Rapid initiation of innate immune responses depends on viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in tissues where the virus replicates. RIG-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are all important influenza sensors in mammals during infection. Ducks utilize many of the same PRRs to detect influenza, namely RIG-I, TLR7, and TLR3 and their downstream adaptors. Ducks also express many of the same signal transduction proteins including TBK1, TRIF, and TRAF3. Some antiviral effectors expressed downstream of these signaling pathways inhibit influenza replication in ducks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of influenza recognition and response through duck PRRs and their adaptors. We compare basal tissue expression and regulation of these signaling components in birds, to better understand what contributes to influenza resistance in the duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mehrbod P, Ande SR, Alizadeh J, Rahimizadeh S, Shariati A, Malek H, Hashemi M, Glover KKM, Sher AA, Coombs KM, Ghavami S. The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus, and HIV infections. Virulence 2019; 10:376-413. [PMID: 30966844 PMCID: PMC6527025 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1605803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection induces different cellular responses in infected cells. These include cellular stress responses like autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Both autophagy and UPR are connected to programed cell death I (apoptosis) in chronic stress conditions to regulate cellular homeostasis via Bcl2 family proteins, CHOP and Beclin-1. In this review article we first briefly discuss arboviruses, influenza virus, and HIV and then describe the concepts of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR. Finally, we focus upon how apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR are involved in the regulation of cellular responses to arboviruses, influenza virus and HIV infections. Abbreviation: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ATF6: Activating Transcription Factor 6; ATG6: Autophagy-specific Gene 6; BAG3: BCL Associated Athanogene 3; Bak: BCL-2-Anatagonist/Killer1; Bax; BCL-2: Associated X protein; Bcl-2: B cell Lymphoma 2x; BiP: Chaperon immunoglobulin heavy chain binding Protein; CARD: Caspase Recruitment Domain; cART: combination Antiretroviral Therapy; CCR5: C-C Chemokine Receptor type 5; CD4: Cluster of Differentiation 4; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; CXCR4: C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4; Cyto c: Cytochrome C; DCs: Dendritic Cells; EDEM1: ER-degradation enhancing-a-mannosidase-like protein 1; ENV: Envelope; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; FasR: Fas Receptor;G2: Gap 2; G2/M: Gap2/Mitosis; GFAP: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; GP120: Glycoprotein120; GP41: Glycoprotein41; HAND: HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disease; HEK: Human Embryonic Kidney; HeLa: Human Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IPS-1: IFN-β promoter stimulator 1; IRE-1: Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1; IRGM: Immunity Related GTPase Family M protein; LAMP2A: Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 2A; LC3: Microtubule Associated Light Chain 3; MDA5: Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5; MEF: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast; MMP: Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization; Nef: Negative Regulatory Factor; OASIS: Old Astrocyte Specifically Induced Substrate; PAMP: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern; PERK: Pancreatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase; PRR: Pattern Recognition Receptor; Puma: P53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis; RIG-I: Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene-I; Tat: Transactivator Protein of HIV; TLR: Toll-like receptor; ULK1: Unc51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1; UPR: Unfolded Protein Response; Vpr: Viral Protein Regulatory; XBP1: X-Box Binding Protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Past eur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sudharsana R. Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shahrzad Rahimizadeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Assiniboine Community College, School of Health and Human Services and Continuing Education, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aryana Shariati
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hadis Malek
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kathleen K. M. Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Affan A. Sher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children‘s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz Medical University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010005. [PMID: 30634569 PMCID: PMC6466002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be transmitted to other hosts, including chickens, and cause respiratory and systemic disease. Rarely, these highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause disease in mallards, while chickens are highly susceptible. The long co-evolution of mallard ducks with influenza viruses has undoubtedly fine-tuned many immunological host–pathogen interactions to confer resistance to disease, which are poorly understood. Here, we compare innate responses to different avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens to reveal differences that point to potential mechanisms of disease resistance. Mallard ducks are permissive to LPAI replication in their intestinal tissues without overtly compromising their fitness. In contrast, the mallard response to HPAI infection reflects an immediate and robust induction of type I interferon and antiviral interferon stimulated genes, highlighting the importance of the RIG-I pathway. Ducks also appear to limit the duration of the response, particularly of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Chickens lack RIG-I, and some modulators of the signaling pathway and may be compromised in initiating an early interferon response, allowing more viral replication and consequent damage. We review current knowledge about innate response mediators to influenza infection in mallard ducks compared to chickens to gain insight into protective immune responses, and open questions for future research.
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