Plasmolipin, PmPLP1, from Penaeus monodon is a potential receptor for yellow head virus infection

Rab1A functioned as a binding protein involved in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus infection

Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus (MrTV) is a virulent pathogen that mainly threatens M. rosenbergii larvae. Rab proteins, which are essential for controlling intracellular membrane trafficking, are hijacked by multiple viruses to complete their life cycle. In this paper, we studied the function of M. rosenbergii Rab1A (MrRab1A) in the MrTV infection. Upon MrTV infection, the transcription level of MrRab1A was significantly up-regulated, indicating MrRab1A was a MrTV responsive gene and might be important for MrTV infection. Co-IP and co-localization assays revealed that MrRab1A could directly bind with MrTV and its capsid protein VP3. Moreover, the in vivo neutralization assay demonstrated that pre-incubation of MrTV with recombinant MrRab1A could partially block MrTV infection. These findings indicated that MrRab1A functioned as a virus-binding protein involved in MrTV infection, which shed new light on the mechanism of MrTV infection and provided a potential target for developing anti-MrTV therapies.

14-3-3 is a VP3-binding protein involved in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus infection in shrimp

Macrobrachium rosenbergii Taihu virus (MrTV) is a fierce pathogen that causes high mortality in M. rosenbergii larvae. Little is known about the pathogenesis of MrTV and host-virus interactions. In this study, a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, was carried out to search for novel host molecules that bind with VP3, one of the main capsid proteins of MrTV. Macrobrachium rosenbergii 14-3-3 protein (Mr14-3-3) was identified as the binding protein of VP3, which was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and co-localization assay. A preincubation assay was developed, which indicated that preincubation with recombinant Mr14-3-3 (rMr14-3-3) could significantly decrease the expression level of VP3 in MrTV-infected M. rosenbergii larvae, suggesting that preincubation with rMr14-3-3 could partially block MrTV infection. This study revealed that Mr14-3-3 acts as a binding protein for MrTV-VP3 and plays an important role in MrTV infection, offering a potential target for the development of anti-MrTV therapies.

Caspase-3, a shrimp phosphorylated hemocytic protein is necessary to control YHV infection

By using immunohistochemistry detection, yellow head virus (YHV) was found to replicate in granule-containing hemocytes including semi-granular hemocytes (SGC) and granular hemocytes (GC) during the early phase (24 h post injection) of YHV-infected shrimp. Higher signal of YHV infection was found in GC more than in SGC. Comparative phosphoproteomic profiles between YHV-infected and non-infected GC reveal a number of phosphoproteins with different expression levels. The phosphoprotein spot with later on identified as caspase-3 in YHV-infected GC is most interesting. Blocking caspase-3 function using a specific inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CMK) demonstrated high replication of YHV and consequently, high shrimp mortality. The immunohistochemistry results confirmed the high viral load in shrimp that caspase-3 activity was blocked. Caspase-3 is regulated through a variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation. Analysis of phosphorylation sites of shrimp caspase-3 revealed phosphorylation sites at serine residue. Taken together, caspase-3 is a hemocytic protein isolated from shrimp granular hemocytes with a role in anti-YHV response and regulated through the phosphorylation process.

Plasmolipin and Its Role in Cell Processes

The mechanisms involved in the origin and development of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases are an important area of modern biomedicine. A crucial task is to identify new molecular markers that are associated with rearrangements of intracellular signaling and can be used for prognosis and the development of effective treatment approaches. The proteolipid plasmolipin (PLLP) is a possible marker. PLLP is a main component of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in the development and normal function of the nervous system. PLLP is involved in intracellular transport, lipid raft formation, and Notch signaling. PLLP is presumably involved in various disorders, such as cancer, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLLP and its homologs were identified as possible virus entry receptors. The review summarizes the data on the PLLP structure, normal functions, and role in diseases.