1
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Zheng Q, Rao HH, Zhao FR, Chen XJ, Wang W, Chen JM. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) 168L can target cuticle protein 8 from Litopenaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108162. [PMID: 38944151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) stands as a significant pathogen affecting crustaceans, posing a grave threat to the shrimp industries in aquaculture dependent nations. Within the Iridoviridae family, the conserved envelope protein DIV1-168L plays a pivotal role in virion entry. Nonetheless, the host factors that interact with 168L remain unidentified. To address this gap, we established a cDNA library derived from Litopenaeus vannamei gill tissue and conducted yeast two-hybrid screening to identify host factors that interact with 168L. Additionally, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assays to verify the interaction between cuticle protein 8 (CP8) and 168L. Expression pattern analysis revealed the presence of CP8 transcripts in the gill and epidermis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated the expression of CP8 in gill cells and its localization in the gill filament epithelium. Fluorescence analysis indicated that full-length CP8 colocalized with 168L in the cytoplasm of Sf9 cells. Removal of the signal peptide from the N-terminal of CP8 eliminated its concentration in the cytoplasm. Additionally, CP8 expression was significantly inhibited during DIV1 infection. Therefore, our research contributes to a better understanding of the entry mechanism of iridovirids. The GenBank accession number for the DIV1 sequence is MF197913.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huan-Huan Rao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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2
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Palliyath GK, Jangam AK, Katneni VK, Kaikkolante N, Panjan Nathamuni S, Jayaraman R, Jagabattula S, Moturi M, Shekhar MS. Meta-analysis to Unravel Core Transcriptomic Responses in Penaeus vannamei Exposed to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10772-y. [PMID: 38570440 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Shrimp farming, a dominant economic activity in coastal areas, is affected by different abiotic and biotic stress factors. These stressors, under poor management conditions, could affect growth and health of farmed animals. Understanding the common gene expressions in response to stress, regardless of the specific stress factor, holds significant importance in the field of functional genomics. Scope of this study is to identify the core transcriptomic responses in the shrimp species Penaeus vannamei exposed to various abiotic and biotic stress conditions and to decipher their functional importance. To achieve our objective, we gathered and analyzed multiple RNA-seq datasets related to twelve abiotic and nine biotic stress conditions. Through the in silico meta-analysis, we predicted 961 differentially expressed genes (meta-DEGs) for abiotic stress conditions and 517 meta-DEGs for biotic stress conditions, respectively. These meta-DEGs represent genes that are commonly expressed across different stress factors and are indicative of the organism's general response to stress. The annotation of nineteen core up-regulated meta-DEGs revealed their diverse functions in detoxification, cell adhesion, metal ion binding, and oxidative phosphorylation. These genes play a crucial role in stress response and immune defense. For abiotic stress, significant pathways associated with the stress response include tryptophan metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid degradation, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, phenylalanine metabolism, drug metabolism-other enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolism, and fatty acid elongation. Similarly, for biotic stress, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were found to be significant pathway associations. In addition, the study also predicted 17 stress regulatory motifs present in the identified meta-DEGs. These motifs have significance in identifying the stress responses of the organism. The metabolic pathways and regulatory motifs associated with abiotic and biotic stress factors identified through this study could be a valuable resource for developing stress management approaches in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roja Jayaraman
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
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3
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Tamilselvan M, Raja S. Exploring the role and mechanism of potential probiotics in mitigating the shrimp pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103938. [PMID: 38327656 PMCID: PMC10847377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture has rapidly developed into a significant industry worldwide, providing not only financial gain and high-quality food but also tens of thousands of trained and competent workers. Frequent diseases are now regarded as a significant risk factor for shrimp aquaculture, as they have the potential to significantly reduce shrimp production and result in economic losses. Over the years various traditional methods including the use of antibiotics have been followed to control diseases yet unsuccessful. Probiotic is considered potential supplements for shrimps during farming, they may also act beneficially as disease control and increased production. Probiotics are described as a live microbial supplement that benefits the host by modifying the microbial population associated with the host and its ambient. The present state of research about probiotics demonstrates notable impacts on the immune defences of the host's gastrointestinal system, which play a crucial role in safeguarding against diseases and managing inflammation inside the digestive tract. In the past ten years, many studies on probiotics have been published. However, there is a lack of information about the processes by which probiotics exert their effects in aquaculture systems, with only limited elucidations being offered. This study explores the variety of procedures behind the positive effects of probiotics in shrimp culture. These mechanisms include the augmentation of the immune system, control of growth, antagonistic action against pathogens, competitive exclusion, and modification of the gut microbiota. Mechanisms involved in the probiotic mode of action are mostly interlinked. This provides a greater understanding of the importance of probiotics in shrimp culture as an environmentally friendly practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar Tamilselvan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Sudhakaran Raja
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
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4
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Kumar R, Huang MY, Chen CL, Wang HC, Lu HP. Resilience and probiotic interventions to prevent and recover from shrimp gut dysbiosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108886. [PMID: 37290613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To counter the recurrent outbreaks of bacterial (acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease; AHPND) and viral (white spot disease; WSD) shrimp diseases, which still remain a threat to the global industry, shrimp gut microbiota research has been gaining more attention in recent years, and the use of probiotics in aquaculture has had promising results in improving shrimp gut health and immunity. In this review based on our studies on AHPND and WSD, we summarize our current understanding of the shrimp gastrointestinal tract and the role of the microbiota in disease, as well as effects of probiotics. We focus particularly on the concept of microbiota resilience, and consider strategies that can be used to restore shrimp gut health by probiotic intervention at a crucial time during gut microbiota dysbiosis. Based on the available scientific evidence, we argue that the use of probiotics potentially has an important role in controlling disease in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Huang
- Division of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Pei Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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5
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Sun M, Li S, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li F. A Novel Hemocyte-Specific Small Protein Participates in White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection via Binding to Viral Envelope Protein. Viruses 2023; 15:227. [PMID: 36680266 PMCID: PMC9865939 DOI: 10.3390/v15010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes are essential components of the immune system against invading pathogens in shrimp. Many uncharacterized transcripts exist in hemocytes but the knowledge of them is very limited. In the present study, we identified a novel small protein from the uncharacterized transcripts in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. This transcript was specifically expressed in hemocytes and encoded a novel secretory protein, which was designated as hemocyte-specific small protein (LvHSSP). The expression level of LvHSSP was significantly up-regulated in the hemocytes of shrimp infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). After knockdown of LvHSSP by RNA interference, the WSSV copy number in shrimp decreased significantly. Conversely, WSSV copy number increased in shrimp when they were infected by WSSV after incubation with recombinant LvHSSP protein. These results suggested that LvHSSP might promote viral infection in shrimp. Immunocytochemical assay showed that the recombinant LvHSSP protein was located on the membrane of hemocytes. Co-IP results showed that LvHSSP could interact with VP26, the main envelope protein of WSSV, suggesting that LvHSSP might mediate WSSV adhesion and entry into host cells by binding to viral envelope protein. Meanwhile, the total hemocyte counts were significantly decreased after LvHSSP knockdown while increased after supplementing with recombinant LvHSSP protein, supporting the idea of hemocytes as the carrier for systemic dissemination of WSSV. This study reported a novel small protein in hemocytes, which modulated the viral infection in shrimp. Our results will enrich the knowledge of invertebrate innate immunity and provide a new field in the study of hemocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Hernández-Montiel Á, Giffard-Mena I, Weidmann M, Bekaert M, Ulrich K, Benkaroun J. Virulence and genetic differences among white spot syndrome virus isolates inoculated in Penaeus vannamei. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 152:85-98. [PMID: 36453457 DOI: 10.3354/dao03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infects several economically important aquaculture species, and has caused significant losses to the industry. This virus belongs to the Nimaviridae family and has a dsDNA genome ranging between 257 and 309 kb (more than 20 isolate genomes have been fully sequenced and published to date). Multiple routes of infection could be the cause of the high virulence and mortality rates detected in shrimp species. Particularly in Penaeus vannamei, differences in isolate virulence have been observed, along with controversy over whether deletions or insertions are associated with virulence gain or loss. The pathogenicity of 3 isolates from 3 localities in Mexico (2 from Sinaloa: 'CIAD' and 'Angostura'; and one from Sonora: 'Sonora') was evaluated in vivo in whiteleg shrimp P. vannamei infection assays. Differences were observed in shrimp mortality rates among the 3 isolates, of which Sonora was the most virulent. Subsequently, the complete genomes of the Sonora and Angostura isolates were sequenced in depth from infected shrimp tissues and assembled in reference to the genome of isolate strain CN01 (KT995472), comprising 289350 and 288995 bp, respectively. Three deletion zones were identified compared to CN01, comprising 15 genes, including 3 envelope proteins (VP41A, VP52A and VP41B), 1 non-structural protein (ICP35) and 11 other encoding proteins whose function is currently unknown. In addition, 5 genes (wsv129, wsv178, wsv204, wsv249 and wsv497) presented differences in their repetitive motifs, which could potentially be involved in the regulation of gene expression, causing virulence variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernández-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada No. 3917, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
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7
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Xu R, Zhai Y, Yang J, Tong Y, He P, Jia R. Combined dynamic transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed the effects of trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 on the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:28-37. [PMID: 35842114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is the most important shrimp species throughout the world. However, diseases are increasing with the development of the industry, so enhancing the immunity of shrimp is of great significance. In this study, 1800 shrimp were divided into two groups randomly: the control group (N, feed with brine shrimp flake) and the experimental group (M, feed with mutant of Synechocystis sp. cells) (300 shrimp/group/replication) and each trial was conducted in triplicates. After immunization, sixty shrimp (with three replicates of twenty) were collected at 0 h in group N and 24, 72, and 144 h in group M, respectively, and the hepatopancreas were isolated for transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Transcriptome data revealed that compared with group N, genes related to antimicrobial peptides, cytoskeleton remodeling, detoxification, apoptosis, blood coagulation, immune defense, and antioxidant systems were differentially expressed in group M. In addition, combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that some immune-related differential genes or differential metabolites were consistently expressed in both omics. All the above results indicated that trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 could improve the immunity of L. vannamei. This is the first report of the integration of dynamic transcriptomics combined with metabolomics to study the effect of trans-vp28 gene Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei and provided important information about the defense and immune mechanisms used by invertebrates against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihang Xu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yupei Tong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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8
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Sun G, Zhang H, Yao H, Dai W, Lin Z, Dong Y. Characteristics of glutathione peroxidase gene and its responses to ammonia-N stress in razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 261:110752. [PMID: 35513263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is a crucial enzyme in the antioxidant defense system. However, the previous studies on the structure and functions of mollusk GPX genes are still very limited. Here, we investigated the GPX gene from Sinonovacula constricta (Sc-GPX), and its expression profiles, protein localization, gene function and association with ammonia tolerance. The full length of sequence of Sc-GPX was 1781 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 588 bp encoding 195 amino acids. Quantitative expression of seven adult tissues showed that Sc-GPX was most abundant in hepatopancreas, followed by gills. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of Sc-GPX in hepatopancreas increased significantly under different ammonia concentrations (100, 140, and 180 mg/L) (P < 0.01). Further, we explored the mRNA expression level, histological structure and histo-cellular localization in gills and hepatopancreas of Sc-GPX under 140 mg/L ammonia stress. The mRNA expression level in gills and hepatopancreas of Sc-GPX increased significantly (P < 0.05) and immunohistochemistry results suggested that the columnar cells of gills filaments and the endothelial cells of hepatopancreas were the major sites for the action of Sc-GPX protein. In addition, we performed western blotting (WB), RNA interference (RNAi) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hepatopancreas of Sc-GPX under ammonia stress (140 mg/L). WB results indicated that the protein expression of Sc-GPX increased significantly (P < 0.01) after ammonia challenge. In addition, expression of Sc-GPX mRNA were significantly downregulated at 24 and 48 h after RNAi (P < 0.01). The association analysis between ammonia-tolerance group and control group identified six SNPs in coding sequence (CDS) of Sc-GPX from 449 individuals. Among them, c.162A > C was missense mutation, which lead to the amino acid change from Lys to Asn. These findings revealed that Sc-GPX may play a critical role in clam ammonia detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Hanhan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Wenfang Dai
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, PR China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, PR China
| | - Yinghui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, PR China.
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9
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Chen YL, Kumar R, Liu CH, Wang HC. Litopenaeus vannamei peritrophin interacts with WSSV and AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus to regulate disease pathogenesis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:271-282. [PMID: 35609762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peritrophins are peritrophic membrane (PM) proteins that can interact with chitin fibers via chitin-binding domains. Peritrophins have essential roles in providing porosity and strength to the PM that lines the shrimp midgut. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by strains of V. parahaemolyticus, is known to initially colonize the shrimp stomach and simultaneously disrupt its structural barriers (e.g., cuticle or epithelial tissues) to reach the hepatopancreas. Although stomach and hepatopancreas were identified as target tissues involved in AHPND pathogenesis, our results indicated that peritrophin in peritrophic membrane has a crucial role in determining not only colonization of AHPND-causing bacteria but also their tissue distribution. As the interaction between LvPeritrophin (LvPT) and WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) is not well understood, we noted that LvPT expression was upregulated in shrimp stomach challenged with either WSSV or AHPND. In an in vitro pathogen binding assay, there was strong binding of recombinant LvPT WSSV and AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus, and various bacteria. Furthermore, dsRNA-mediated LvPT silencing inhibited WSSV gene expression and viral genome replication. However, downregulation of LvPT gene expression increased copies of AHPND-causing bacteria in shrimp digestive tract, and facilitated bacterial colonization in stomach. In conclusion, we speculated that LvPT might regulate bacterial colonization during AHPND, whereas in WSSV infection, LvPT silencing favored the host. Although recombinant LvPT had strong binding with WSSV, the precise role of LvPT in WSSV infection needs further investigation. These findings increased our understanding of host-pathogen interactions in AHPND and WSSV infection that can be applied in shrimp aquaculture for developing effective antibacterial and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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10
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Yu D, Zhai Y, He P, Jia R. Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Litopenaeus vannamei Hepatopancreas After WSSV Challenge. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826794. [PMID: 35222409 PMCID: PMC8867067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is the major farmed shrimp species worldwide. White spot disease due to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is severely affecting shrimp worldwide, causing extensive economic losses in L. vannamei culture. This is the first study that applied combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to study the effects on the L. vannamei hepatopancreas after WSSV challenge. Our transcriptomic data revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immunity, apoptosis, the cytoskeleton and the antioxidant system in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Metabolomic results showed that WSSV disrupts metabolic processes including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. After challenged by WSSV, immune-related DEGs and differential metabolites (DMs) were detected in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei, indicating that WSSV may damage the immune system and cause metabolic disorder in the shrimp. In summary, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying L. vannamei's response to WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjiang Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Tran NT, Liang H, Zhang M, Bakky MAH, Zhang Y, Li S. Role of Cellular Receptors in the Innate Immune System of Crustaceans in Response to White Spot Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040743. [PMID: 35458473 PMCID: PMC9028835 DOI: 10.3390/v14040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the only defense system for resistance against infections in crustaceans. In crustaceans, white spot diseases caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are a serious viral disease with high accumulative mortality after infection. Attachment and entry into cells have been known to be two initial and important steps in viral infection. However, systematic information about the mechanisms related to WSSV infection in crustaceans is still limited. Previous studies have reported that cellular receptors are important in the innate immune system and are responsible for the recognition of foreign microorganisms and in the stimulation of the immune responses during infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of cellular receptors, including Toll, C-type lectin, scavenger receptor, β-integrin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, laminin receptor, globular C1q receptor, lipopolysaccharide-and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, chitin-binding protein, Ras-associated binding, and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule in the innate immune defense of crustaceans, especially shrimp and crabs, in response to WSSV infection. The results of this study provide information on the interaction between viruses and hosts during infections, which is important in the development of preventative strategies and antiviral targets in cultured aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huifen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Md. Akibul Hasan Bakky
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (N.T.T.); (H.L.); (M.Z.); (M.A.H.B.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-754-86502485; Fax: +86-754-86503473
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Wang W, Zheng Q, Yu C, Pan C, Luo P, Chen J. WSV056 Inhibits Shrimp Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Downregulating Litopenaeus vannamei Sepiapterin Reductase to Promote White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:796049. [PMID: 35003027 PMCID: PMC8733705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepiapterin reductase (Spr) plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a key cofactor of multiple enzymes involved in various physiological and immune processes. Suppression of Spr could result in BH4 deficiency-caused diseases in human and murine models. However, information on the biological function of Spr in invertebrates is limited. In this study, two Sprs (CG12116 and Sptr) from Drosophila melanogaster were found to be downregulated in transgenic flies overexpressing white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) immediate-early protein WSV056. CG12116 and Sptr exerted an inhibitory effect on the replication of the Drosophila C virus. A Litopenaeus vannamei Spr (LvSpr) exhibiting similarity of 64.1–67.5% and 57.3–62.2% to that of invertebrate and vertebrate Sprs, respectively, were cloned. L. vannamei challenged with WSSV revealed a significant decrease in LvSpr transcription and Spr activity in hemocytes. In addition, the BH4 co-factored nitric oxide synthase (Nos) activity in shrimp hemocytes was reduced in WSSV-infected and LvSpr knockdown shrimp, suggesting WSSV probably inhibits the LvNos activity through LvSpr downregulation to limit the production of nitric oxide (NO). Knockdown of LvSpr and LvNos caused the reduction in NO level in hemocytes and the increase of viral copy numbers in WSSV-infected shrimp. Supplementation of NO donor DETA/NO or double gene knockdown of WSV056 + LvSpr and WSV056 + LvNos recovered the NO production, whereas the WSSV copy numbers were decreased. Altogether, the findings demonstrated that LvSpr and LvNos could potentially inhibit WSSV. In turn, the virus has evolved to attenuate NO production via LvSpr suppression by WSV056, allowing evasion of host antiviral response to ensure efficient replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changkun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Ren XC, Liu QH. LvCPG2 facilitated WSSV infection by interaction with VP26 and VP28. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:313-320. [PMID: 34562580 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSP), widely distributed in extracellular matrices, have several important functions in vertebrates. In certain viruses, CSP acts as a receptor to promote infection. However, chondroitin proteoglycans lack sulfate are poorly understood in invertebrates. In this study, chondroitin proteoglycan 2 of Litopenaeus vannamei (LvCPG2) was cloned. The open reading frame of LvCPG2 cDNA is 2133 bp, which encodes a protein of 710 amino acids. LvCPG2 contained eight Chitin-binding domain type 2 (ChtBD2). LvCPG2 had the highest expression in lymphoid and significantly increased after WSSV challenge. The relative expression of IE1 and VP28, as well as the viral copy numbers were decreased significantly in LvCPG2-silenced shrimp. The far-western blotting result showed that LvCPG2 interacted with VP26 and VP28. Molecular docking complexes showed that N-terminal of LvCPG2 interacted with C-terminal VP26, while C-terminal of LvCPG2 combined with N-terminal of VP28. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that LvCPG2 could facilitate WSSV adhesion and penetration of shrimp hemocytes. Collectively, these findings suggested that LvCPG2 was involved in WSSV infection by interaction with VP26 and VP28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China.
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14
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Liang F, Sun C, Li S, Hou T, Li C. Therapeutic effect and immune mechanism of chitosan-gentamicin conjugate on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118334. [PMID: 34294344 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the disease resistance mechanism of chitosan conjugates, chitosan-gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) was synthesized and systematically characterized, the immune mechanism of CS-GT on Litopenaeus vannamei infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus was further explored. The results showed that imine groups in CS-GT were effectively reduced. Dietary supplementation of CS-GT can significantly increase the survival rate, total hemocyte counts, the antioxidant and immune related enzyme activity levels of shrimps (P < 0.05), which are all dose-dependent under the experimental conditions. In addition, CS-GT can protect the hepatopancreas from invading bacteria and alleviate inflammation. Particularly, CS-GT promotes the expressions of legumain (LGMN), lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) up-regulated. It is speculated that CS-GT may stimulate the lysosome to phagocytose pathogens more effectively. In conclusions, shrimps fed with CS-GT can produce immune response via lysosome and greatly improve the disease resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Department of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Department of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Sidong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengpeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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15
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Different Immune Responses of the Lymphoid Organ in Shrimp at Early Challenge Stage of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082160. [PMID: 34438618 PMCID: PMC8388422 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disease is a frequently encountered problem in aquaculture, which always causes global economic losses. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are two of the most destructive pathogens causing severe loss of shrimp aquaculture. Understanding the host immune responses against different pathogens is vital for developing effective disease control technologies. The lymphoid organ is a vital part of the shrimp immune system and exhibits important immune functions including cellular and humoral immunity. However, the immune function of the lymphoid organ and its responses against different pathogens are still largely unclear. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lymphoid organ of shrimp after Vibrio or WSSV challenge. Data showed that Vibrio challenge induced broad immune responses in the lymphoid organ including activation of several pattern recognition receptors, the proPO activating system, phagocytosis related genes, and immune effectors. In contrast, the immune responses seemed to be inhibited after WSSV infection. The present study suggests that the shrimp lymphoid organ plays different functions in response to the infection of distinct pathogens at early stage, which provides new insights into the immune functions of lymphoid organ in shrimp. Abstract The lymphoid organ is an essential part of the immune system involved in cellular and humoral immune responses in shrimp. However, its roles in the immune responses against different pathogens are still largely unclear. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lymphoid organ of shrimp after Vibrio or WSSV challenge. In total, 2127 DEGs were screened in the lymphoid organ of shrimp at 6 h post Vibrio parahaemolyticus injection, and 1569 DEGs were obtained at the same time after WSSV challenge. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that two significantly enriched pathways including “neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction” and “protein digestion and absorption” were responsive to both pathogens. In contrast, “lysosome” was the significantly enriched pathway only in Vibrio challenge whereas carbohydrate metabolism related pathways were the significantly enriched pathways only in WSSV challenge. Further analysis on immune-related DEGs showed that Vibrio challenge induced broad immune responses in the lymphoid organ including activation of several pattern recognition receptors, the proPO activating system, phagocytosis related genes, and immune effectors. In contrast, the immune responses seemed to be inhibited after WSSV infection. The data suggest that the shrimp lymphoid organ plays different functions in response to the infection of distinct pathogens at the early stage, which provides new insights into the immune functions of lymphoid organ in shrimp.
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16
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Lei H, Li S, Lu X, Ren Y. Oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying VP28-VP24 confers protection against white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. Virus Res 2021; 302:198467. [PMID: 34062193 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the major pathogen that leads to severe mortalities in cultured shrimp worldwide. The envelope proteins VP28 and VP24 of WSSV are considered potential vaccine candidate antigens. In this study, we utilized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) surface display system to demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for developing a vaccine candidate against WSSV. EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 was generated, and the fusion protein VP28-VP24 was present on the surface of S. cerevisiae. Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) was used as an animal model. Oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 could induce significant activities of immune-related enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO). Importantly, WSSV challenge indicated that oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-VP28-VP24 could confer 100% protection with a corresponding decrease in the viral load. The collective results strongly highlight the potential of a S. cerevisiae-based oral vaccine as an efficient control strategy for combating WSSV infection in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lei
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuangqin Li
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
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17
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Xing K, Liu Y, Yan C, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Su N, Yang F, Xie S, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis under copper exposure. Gene 2020; 764:145098. [PMID: 32861881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neocaridina denticulate sinensis is a small freshwater economic shrimp, as well as excellent laboratory model for their short life cycle and easy availability. However, the response of N. denticulate sinensis to pervasive copper pollution in aquatic environments has not been deeply investigated yet. Herein, we preformed Illumina sequencing technology to mine the alterations of cephalothorax transcriptome under 2.5 μmol/L of Cu2+ after 48 h. 122,512 unigenes were assembled and 219 unigenes were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and Cu2+ treatment groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mostly associated with immune responses and molting, such as endocytosis, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and chitin metabolic process. Seven genes were chosen for qPCR verification, and the results showed that the transcriptome sequencing data were consistent with the qPCR results. This is the first report of transcriptome information about N. denticulate sinensis. These results provided a direction for the future research of resistance to Cu2+ in this shrimp, and simultaneously enriched gene information of N. denticulate sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Xing
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Naike Su
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China
| | - Song Xie
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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