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Xia J, Fei S, Wu H, Yang Y, Yu W, Zhang M, Guo Y, Swevers L, Sun J, Feng M. The piRNA pathway is required for nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in Lepidoptera. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1378-1392. [PMID: 36495071 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway has been shown to be involved in the antiviral defense against RNA viruses, especially in mosquitoes, but its universality has been questioned. Here, we used the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) -infected silkworm as a model to explore the effects of the key factors of piRNA pathway, BmAgo3 and Siwi, on replication of a large DNA virus (belonging to the family of Baculoviridae). We demonstrated that BmAgo3 and Siwi could promote the replication of BmNPV through both overexpression and knockdown experiments in BmN cell lines and silkworm larvae. In addition, we also studied the effect of PIWI-class genes on Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) replication in the Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf9. By knocking down the expression of PIWI-class genes in Sf9, we found that Piwi-like-1 and Piwi-like-2-3 could inhibit AcMNPV replication, while Piwi-like-4-5 promoted virus replication. Our study provides compelling evidence that the piRNA pathway affects host infection by exogenous viruses in Lepidoptera. Also, our results reflect the diversity of the roles of PIWI-class genes in virus infection of the host across species. This study is the first to explore the interaction of PIWI-class proteins with DNA viruses, providing new insights into the functional roles of the piRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shigang Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Athens, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xia Y, Jiang M, Hu X, Wang Q, Qian C, Zhu B, Wei G, Wang L. A Protein Asteroid with PIN Domain in Silkworm Bombyx mori Is Involved in Anti-BmNPV Infection. INSECTS 2023; 14:550. [PMID: 37367365 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclease is a type of protein that degrades nucleic acids, which plays an important role in biological processes, including RNA interference efficiency and antiviral immunity. However, no evidence of a link between nuclease and Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection in silkworm B. mori has been found. In this study, a protein asteroid (BmAst) containing the PIN domain and XPG domain was identified in silkworm B. mori. BmAst gene was highest expressed in hemocytes and fat body of the 5th instar larvae, and high expression in the pupa stage. The transcriptional levels of the BmAst gene in 5th instar larvae were significantly induced by BmNPV or dsRNA. After knocking down BmAst gene expression by specific dsRNA, the proliferation of BmNPV in B. mori was increased significantly, whereas the survival rate of larvae was significantly lower when compared with the control. Our findings indicate that BmAst is involved in silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xia
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mouzhen Jiang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cen Qian
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Fan YX, Andoh V, Chen L. Multi-omics study and ncRNA regulation of anti-BmNPV in silkworms, Bombyx mori: an update. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123448. [PMID: 37275131 PMCID: PMC10232802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori silkworm is an important economic insect which has a significant contribution to the improvement of the economy. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a vitally significant purulent virus that impedes the sustainable and stable development of the silkworm industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the related techniques have been used to select BmNPV-resistant genes, proteins, and metabolites. The regulatory networks between viruses and hosts have been gradually clarified with the discovery of ncRNAs, such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in cells. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the results of current multi-omics and ncRNA studies on BmNPV resistance in the silkworm, providing some references for resistant strategies in the silkworm to BmNPV.
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miRNA Pathway Alteration in Response to Non-Coding RNA Delivery in Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314954. [PMID: 36499289 PMCID: PMC9741442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is widely used to treat incurable disorders and has become a routine procedure in clinical practice. Since viruses can exhibit specific tropisms, effectively penetrate the cell, and are easy to use, most gene therapy approaches are based on viral delivery of genetic material. However, viral vectors have some disadvantages, such as immune response and cytotoxicity induced by a disturbance of cell metabolism, including miRNA pathways that are an important part of transcription regulation. Therefore, any viral-based gene therapy approach involves the evaluation of side effects and safety. It is possible for such effects to be caused either by the viral vectors themselves or by the delivered genetic material. Many gene therapy techniques use non-coding RNA delivery as an effective agent for gene expression regulation, with the risk of cellular miRNA pathways being affected due to the nature of the non-coding RNAs. This review describes the effect of viral vector entry and non-coding RNA delivery by these vectors on miRNA signaling pathways.
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Zhao S, Chen G, Kong X, Chen N, Wu X. BmNPV p35 Reduces the Accumulation of Virus-Derived siRNAs and Hinders the Function of siRNAs to Facilitate Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845268. [PMID: 35251046 PMCID: PMC8895250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral immunity involves various mechanisms and responses, including the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. During long-term coevolution, viruses have gained the ability to evade this defense by encoding viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). It was reported that p35 of baculovirus can inhibit cellular small interference RNA (siRNA) pathway; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying p35 as a VSR remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that p35 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) reduces the accumulation of virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) mapped to a particular region in the viral genome, leading to an increased expression of the essential genes in this region, and revealed that p35 disrupts the function of siRNAs by preventing them from loading into Argonaute-2 (Ago2). This repressive effect on the cellular siRNA pathway enhances the replication of BmNPV. Thus, our findings illustrate for the first time the inhibitory mechanism of a baculovirus VSR and how this effect influences viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshuo Kong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Wu,
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Schmid-Hempel P. Function and mechanisms in defence strategies. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 49:31-36. [PMID: 34757237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A useful discussion of defence strategies cannot do without linking defence mechanisms to their function, that is, their contributions to fitness. Whereas the former is the domain of immunology, the latter is the subject of evolutionary ecology. For this, the concepts of the defence chart and the disease space can be used to connect the two domains and to sharpen the focus. These use different approaches but converge to the same end, that is, to understand what fitness costs and benefits are associated with existing mechanisms and how to identify the best defence strategy in a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schmid-Hempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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