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George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, Mohammed L. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e26288. [PMID: 35898377 PMCID: PMC9308974 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential complications, such as cancers, are increasing worldwide at an astounding rate. There are many factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are driving pancreatic cancer (PC) to become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States. PC is notorious for its generic symptoms and late-stage presentation with rapid metastasis. The connection between T2DM and the risk of PC development is multifaceted and complex. Some of the proposed theories reveal that chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and abnormalities in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF) contribute to the disease association between these two conditions. This literature review aims to highlight relevant studies and explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of diabetes and its impact on PC development, as well as the role of anti-diabetic agents on PC. Despite extensive studies, the exact interaction between T2DM and PC remains obscure and will need further investigation. According to current knowledge, there is a substantial link between diabetes, obesity, and dietary patterns in the development and progression of PC. Consequently, focusing our efforts on preventive measures by reducing modifiable risk factors remains the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of PC at this time. Antidiabetic drugs can have various effects on the occurrence and prognosis of PC with metformin offering a clear benefit of inhibiting PC and insulin increasing the risk of PC. The development of future novel therapies will require a deeper knowledge of the triggering mechanisms and interplay between these two disease states.
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Guo F, Du J, Liu L, Gou Y, Zhang M, Sun W, Yu H, Fu X. lncRNA OR3A4 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer Through KLF6 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727876. [PMID: 34776953 PMCID: PMC8578722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Ovarian cancer is a collaborative malignant tumor of the female reproductive system in clinical research. Some clinical studies have shown that OR3A4, which is a cancer-causing lncRNA, plays a major role in promoting the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. And we also expressed the view that it expressed in ovarian tissue. However, the function of OR3A4 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Methods and Results: To further verify the function of lncRNA OR3A4 in ovarian cancer, we established the xenograft model in the zebra fish. In this study, cells transformed with OR3A4 shRNA plasmids were transplanted into the zebra fish, and the cell proliferation and migration ability were significantly reduced compared to the empty vector. While knocking out OR3A4, we further downregulated its expression by siRNA of KLF6. Our study found that the knocked out OR3A4 resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration level, which can be found in the downregulated expression of KLF6. We also verify the relationship between OR3A4 and circulating tumor cells in the zebra fish xenograft model, the results indicate that lncRNA OR3A4 may be involved in the resistance of ovarian cancer to complain. Conclusion: lncRNA OR3A4 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer through the KLF6 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Zebrafish Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Zebrafish Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Yawei Gou
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Zebrafish Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Zebrafish Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Zebrafish Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Duan X, Wang W, Pan Q, Guo L. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Intersects With Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730038. [PMID: 34485159 PMCID: PMC8415500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pancreatic cancer (PC) is complex. Diabetes is a known risk factor for PC, and new-onset diabetes (NOD) could be an early manifestation of PC that may be facilitate the early diagnosis of PC. Metformin offers a clear benefit of inhibiting PC, whereas insulin therapy may increase the risk of PC development. No evidence has shown that novel hypoglycemic drugs help or prevent PC. In this review, the effects of T2DM on PC development are summarized, and novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and PC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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