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Huo Y, Hu X, Lü J, Luo F, Liang J, Lei H, Lv A. Single-cell transcriptome, phagocytic activity and immunohistochemical analysis of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) in response to Rahnella aquatilis infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108970. [PMID: 37488042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, kidney is an important immune and hematopoietic organ with multiple physiological functions. However, the immune cells and cellular markers of kidney require further elucidation in crucian carp (C. auratus). Here we report on the single-cell transcriptional landscape in posterior kidney, immunohistochemical and phagocytic features of C. auratus with R. aquatilis infection. The results showed that a total of 18 cell populations were identified for the main immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφ), dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T cells, granulocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Pseudo-time trajectory analysis was reconstructed for the immune cells using Monocle2 to obtain additional insights into their developmental lineage relationships. In the detected tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, skin, and gills) of infected fish exhibited positive immunohistochemical staining with prepared for antibody to R. aquatilis. Apoptotic cells were fluorescently demonstrated by TUNEL assay, and bacterial phagocytic activity were observed for neutrophils and Mo/Mφ cells, respectively. Moreover, a similar up-ward/down-ward expression trend of the selected immune and inflammatory genes was found in the kidney against R. aquatilis infection, which were significantly involved in TLR/NLR, ECM adhesion, phago-lysosome, apoptosis, complement and coagulation pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detailed characterization of immune cells and host-R. aquatilis interaction, which will contribute to understanding on the biology of renal immune cells and repertoire of potential markers in cyprinid fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Huo
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Jiarui Lü
- School of Foreign Languages, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fuli Luo
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Haibo Lei
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Aijun Lv
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China.
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Cai X, Gao C, Lymbery AJ, Armstrong NJ, Ma L, Li C. The immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network in the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) induced by Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108506. [PMID: 36574792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Vibrio anguillarum, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, has been becoming a major constraint on the development of the turbot aquaculture industry because of its characteristics of worldwide distribution, broad host range and potentially devastating impacts. Although the functions of protein-coding mRNAs in the immune response against bacterial infection have been reported, as well as several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), the relationships between mRNAs and ncRNAs in the immune system of turbot liver are still limited during bacterial infection. In present study, the comprehensive analyses of whole-transcriptome sequencing were conducted in turbot liver infected by V. anguillarum. The differential expression was analyzed in the data of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. The interactions of miRNA-circRNA pairs and miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted basing on the negative regulatory relationships between miRNAs and their target circRNAs\mRNAs. The circRNA-related ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed for the analyses of regulated mechanism in turbot immune system. Subsequently, the RT-qPCR was carried out to verify the results of sequencing. Finally, we identified 31 circRNAs, 53 miRNAs and 948 mRNAs with differential expression. Gene set enrichment analyses using Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed that innate immunity was principally activated at the early stages of infection, while adaptive immunity was activated after 24 h. Finally, 65 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways were constructed, based on the hypothesis of ceRNA regulatory networks. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights on the underlying immune response to bacterial infection and identify novel target genes for the prevention and control of disease in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Alan J Lymbery
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Kondo H, Murotani F, Koiwai K, Hirono I. Chicken-type lysozyme is a major bacteriolytic enzyme in the blood of the banded houndshark Triakis scyllium. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 134:104448. [PMID: 35654295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined lysozyme activities in the serum and the leukocyte extracts of the banded houndshark Triakis scyllium. The serum exhibited lytic activity, but not the leukocyte extracts. The lytic substance in the serum was of approximately 14 kDa and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was YVYSK. cDNA cloning identified a C-type lysozyme (TsLysC) gene and two G-type lysozyme (TsLysG) cDNA clones of different lengths. The TsLysC gene encodes 149 amino acids residues, and the sequence derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequencing was displayed at position 17-21. TsLysG, on the other hand, contains two ORFs that are homologous to the N- and C-terminal regions of G-type lysozyme of other fish species. TsLysC mRNA levels were high in the liver. TsLysG mRNA level was significantly lower than TsLysC mRNA in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Fuyuka Murotani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Koiwai
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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Wang RX, Huang Y, Shi Y, Jiang FH, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhao Z. Characterization and functional analysis of a c-type lysozyme gene from obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104412. [PMID: 35405184 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme (Lyz) is an alkaline enzyme that hydrolyzes mucopolysaccharides in bacteria and is highly conserved vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (named ToLyzC) from the obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA of ToLyzC was 432 bp, encoding 143 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 16.2 kDa and a theoretical pI of 8.86. The depicted protein sequence contained a LYZ1 domain from 16 to 142 amino acids, seven conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ToLyzC clustered with Lyzs from other teleost fishes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ToLyzC mRNA was mainly expressed in the liver. The transcript level of ToLyzC gene was significantly upregulated after Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio harveyi challenge. The optimal pH and temperature of recombinant ToLyzC protein (rToLyzC) lytic activity was detected to be 7.5 and 35 °C, respectively. rToLyzC exhibited significant antibacterial and bacterial binding activities against S. aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, V. harveyi, and Edwardsiella tarda at different time points. In addition, the morphological changes of V. harveyi cells treated with rToLyzC were observed under scanning electron microscope, which further confirmed the antibacterial and bacteriolytic activity of rToLyzC. Taken together, our current study indicated that ToLyzC is involved in the immune response to bacterial infection in obscure puffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Fu-Hui Jiang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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Chen P, Jin D, Yang S, Yu X, Yi G, Hu S, Sun Y, Hu Y, Cui J, Rang J, Xia L. Aeromonas veronii infection remarkably increases expression of lysozymes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and injection of lysozyme expression cassette along with QCDC adjuvant significantly upregulates immune factors and decreases cumulative mortality. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105646. [PMID: 35716927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii AvX005 is a pathogenic bacterium with high toxicity to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The expression levels of g-type (goose-type lysozyme, Lys-g) and c-type lysozyme (chicken-type lysozyme, Lys-c) in the spleen of grass carp infected with AvX005 were significantly increased by approximately 4.5 times and 27 times, respectively. The recombinant proteins rLys-g and rLys-c produced in a recombinant expression system of Escherichia coli showed significant antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria AvX005. A challenge test was conducted after rLys-g and rLys-c were expressed in grass carp L8824 liver cells, and compared with the survival rate of the control cells (46.3%), the survival rate of the experimental cells (77.6% for rLys-g and 68.6% for rLys-c) was significantly increased. Grass carp were infected with AvX005 on the second day after delivering pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c with the Quil A/cholesterol/DDA/Carbopol (QCDC) adjuvant, and both pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c provided 70% relative protection for grass carp. The activity of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase in the serum of grass carp was significantly increased after injection of DNA. The expression of the immune factors IgM, C3 and IL8 in the kidney was upregulated to varying degrees for pcDNA3.1-lys-g and immune factors C3 and IgM was upregulated for pcDNA-lys-c. The results indicated that pcDNA3.1-lys-g and pcDNA-lys-c may be used as immunostimulants to protect grass carp from the pathogenic bacterium AvX005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Duo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yunjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Yibo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jie Rang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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