Research on Text Mining of Syndrome Element Syndrome Differentiation by Natural Language Processing

Network pharmacology: towards the artificial intelligence-based precision traditional Chinese medicine

Network pharmacology (NP) provides a new methodological perspective for understanding traditional medicine from a holistic perspective, giving rise to frontiers such as traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology (TCM-NP). With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, it is key for NP to develop network-based AI methods to reveal the treatment mechanism of complex diseases from massive omics data. In this review, focusing on the TCM-NP, we summarize involved AI methods into three categories: network relationship mining, network target positioning and network target navigating, and present the typical application of TCM-NP in uncovering biological basis and clinical value of Cold/Hot syndromes. Collectively, our review provides researchers with an innovative overview of the methodological progress of NP and its application in TCM from the AI perspective.

An Improved Deep Learning Model: S-TextBLCNN for Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Classification

Purpose: This study proposes an S-TextBLCNN model for the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula classification. This model uses deep learning to analyze the relationship between herb efficacy and formula efficacy, which is helpful in further exploring the internal rules of formula combination.

Methods: First, for the TCM herbs extracted from Chinese Pharmacopoeia, natural language processing (NLP) is used to learn and realize the quantitative expression of different TCM herbs. Three features of herb name, herb properties, and herb efficacy are selected to encode herbs and to construct formula-vector and herb-vector. Then, based on 2,664 formulae for stroke collected in TCM literature and 19 formula efficacy categories extracted from Yifang Jijie, an improved deep learning model TextBLCNN consists of a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network and a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. Based on 19 formula efficacy categories, binary classifiers are established to classify the TCM formulae. Finally, aiming at the imbalance problem of formula data, the over-sampling method SMOTE is used to solve it and the S-TextBLCNN model is proposed.

Results: The formula-vector composed of herb efficacy has the best effect on the classification model, so it can be inferred that there is a strong relationship between herb efficacy and formula efficacy. The TextBLCNN model has an accuracy of 0.858 and an F₁-score of 0.762, both higher than the logistic regression (acc = 0.561, F₁-score = 0.567), SVM (acc = 0.703, F₁-score = 0.591), LSTM (acc = 0.723, F₁-score = 0.621), and TextCNN (acc = 0.745, F₁-score = 0.644) models. In addition, the over-sampling method SMOTE is used in our model to tackle data imbalance, and the F₁-score is greatly improved by an average of 47.1% in 19 models.

Conclusion: The combination of formula feature representation and the S-TextBLCNN model improve the accuracy in formula efficacy classification. It provides a new research idea for the study of TCM formula compatibility.