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Zhou Y, Chen H, Wang Y. Recognition ability of untrained neural networks to symbolic numbers. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:973010. [PMID: 36213547 PMCID: PMC9534535 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.973010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although animals can learn to use abstract numbers to represent the number of items, whether untrained animals could distinguish between different abstract numbers is not clear. A two-layer spiking neural network with lateral inhibition was built from the perspective of biological interpretability. The network connection weight was set randomly without adjustment. On the basis of this model, experiments were carried out on the symbolic number dataset MNIST and non-symbolic numerosity dataset. Results showed that the model has abilities to distinguish symbolic numbers. However, compared with number sense, tuning curves of symbolic numbers could not reproduce size and distance effects. The preference distribution also could not show high distribution characteristics at both ends and low distribution characteristics in the middle. More than half of the network units prefer the symbolic numbers 0 and 5. The average goodness-of-fit of the Gaussian fitting of tuning curves increases with the increase in abscissa non-linearity. These results revealed that the concept of human symbolic number is trained on the basis of number sense.
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Urík M, Šikolová S, Hošnová D, Kruntorád V, Bartoš M, Jabandžiev P. Long-Term Device Satisfaction and Safety after Cochlear Implantation in Children. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081326. [PMID: 36013275 PMCID: PMC9410025 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objectives: For full benefit in children implanted with a cochlear implant (CI), wearing the device all waking hours is necessary. This study focuses on the relationship between daily use and audiological outcomes, with the hypothesis that frequent daily device use coincides with high device satisfaction resulting in better functional gain (FG). Confounding factors such as implantation age, device experience and type of device were considered. (2) Results: Thirty-eight CI children (65 ears) were investigated. In total, 76.92% of the children were using their device for >12 h per day (h/d), 18.46% for 9−12 h/d, the remaining for 6−9 h/d and one subject reported 3 h/d. The revision rate up to the 90-month follow-up (F/U) was 4.6%. The mean FG was 59.00 ± 7.67 dB. The Audio Processor Satisfaction Questionnaire (APSQ) separated for single unit (SU) versus behind the ear (BTE) devices showed significantly better results for the latter in terms of wearing comfort (WC) (p = 0.00062). A correlation between device use and FG was found with a device experience of <2 years (n = 29; r2 = 0.398), whereas no correlation was seen with ≥2 years of device experience (n = 36; r2 = 0.0038). (3) Conclusion: This study found significant relationships between daily device use and FG, wearing comfort and long-term safety (90 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Urík
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-532-234-440
| | - Soňa Šikolová
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Hošnová
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kruntorád
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bartoš
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Brno, Černopolní 9, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jabandžiev
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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