1
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Roecker AJ, Layton ME, Pero JE, Kelly MJ, Greshock TJ, Kraus RL, Li Y, Klein R, Clements M, Daley C, Jovanovska A, Ballard JE, Wang D, Zhao F, Brunskill APJ, Peng X, Wang X, Sun H, Houghton AK, Burgey CS. Discovery of Arylsulfonamide Na v1.7 Inhibitors: IVIVC, MPO Methods, and Optimization of Selectivity Profile. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1038-1049. [PMID: 34141090 PMCID: PMC8201757 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 continues to be a high-profile target for the treatment of various pain afflictions due to its strong human genetic validation. While isoform selective molecules have been discovered and advanced into the clinic, to date, this target has yet to bear fruit in the form of marketed therapeutics for the treatment of pain. Lead optimization efforts over the past decade have focused on selectivity over Nav1.5 due to its link to cardiac side effects as well as the translation of preclinical efficacy to man. Inhibition of Nav1.6 was recently reported to yield potential respiratory side effects preclinically, and this finding necessitated a modified target selectivity profile. Herein, we report the continued optimization of a novel series of arylsulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitors to afford improved selectivity over Nav1.6 while maintaining rodent oral bioavailability through the use of a novel multiparameter optimization (MPO) paradigm. We also report in vitro-in vivo correlations from Nav1.7 electrophysiology protocols to preclinical models of efficacy to assist in projecting clinical doses. These efforts produced inhibitors such as compound 19 with potency against Nav1.7, selectivity over Nav1.5 and Nav1.6, and efficacy in behavioral models of pain in rodents as well as inhibition of rhesus olfactory response indicative of target modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Roecker
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark E. Layton
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joseph E. Pero
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael J. Kelly
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Thomas J. Greshock
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Richard L. Kraus
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yuxing Li
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Rebecca Klein
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michelle Clements
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Christopher Daley
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Aneta Jovanovska
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jeanine E. Ballard
- Pharmacokinetic,
Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
& Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Deping Wang
- Computational
and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co.,
Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Translational
Imaging and Biomarkers, Merck & Co.,
Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Andrew P. J. Brunskill
- Molecular
and Materials Characterization, Merck &
Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xuanjia Peng
- HitS
Unite, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. (Shanghai), Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- IDSU, WuXi AppTec
Co., Ltd. (Shanghai), Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- IDSU, WuXi AppTec
Co., Ltd. (Shanghai), Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Andrea K. Houghton
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Christopher S. Burgey
- Discovery
Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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2
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Ramdas V, Talwar R, Kanoje V, Loriya RM, Banerjee M, Patil P, Joshi AA, Datrange L, Das AK, Walke DS, Kalhapure V, Khan T, Gote G, Dhayagude U, Deshpande S, Shaikh J, Chaure G, Pal RR, Parkale S, Suravase S, Bhoskar S, Gupta RV, Kalia A, Yeshodharan R, Azhar M, Daler J, Mali V, Sharma G, Kishore A, Vyawahare R, Agarwal G, Pareek H, Budhe S, Nayak A, Warude D, Gupta PK, Joshi P, Joshi S, Darekar S, Pandey D, Wagh A, Nigade PB, Mehta M, Patil V, Modi D, Pawar S, Verma M, Singh M, Das S, Gundu J, Nemmani K, Bock MG, Sharma S, Bakhle D, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and State-Dependent Na V1.7 Inhibitors with Robust Oral Efficacy in Pain Models: Structure-Activity Relationship and Optimization of Chroman and Indane Aryl Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6107-6133. [PMID: 32368909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is a genetically validated target for pain. Identification of NaV1.7 inhibitors with all of the desired properties to develop as an oral therapeutic for pain has been a major challenge. Herein, we report systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies carried out to identify novel sulfonamide derivatives as potent, selective, and state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors for pain. Scaffold hopping from benzoxazine to chroman and indane bicyclic system followed by thiazole replacement on sulfonamide led to identification of lead molecules with significant improvement in solubility, selectivity over NaV1.5, and CYP2C9 inhibition. The lead molecules 13, 29, 32, 43, and 51 showed a favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profile across different species and robust efficacy in veratridine and formalin-induced inflammatory pain models in mice. Compound 51 also showed significant effects on the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model. The profile of 51 indicated that it has the potential for further evaluation as a therapeutic for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ramdas
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rashmi Talwar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vijay Kanoje
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh M Loriya
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Moloy Banerjee
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Pradeep Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Advait Arun Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Laxmikant Datrange
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Deepak Sahebrao Walke
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaibhav Kalhapure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Talha Khan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Gote
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Usha Dhayagude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shreyas Deshpande
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Javed Shaikh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Chaure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ravindra R Pal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Santosh Parkale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sachin Suravase
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Smita Bhoskar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh V Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anil Kalia
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Yeshodharan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahammad Azhar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jagadeesh Daler
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Mali
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amitesh Kishore
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rupali Vyawahare
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gautam Agarwal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Himani Pareek
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Budhe
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Arun Nayak
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Warude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Parag Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Darekar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dilip Pandey
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Akshaya Wagh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant B Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Maneesh Mehta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahip Verma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sudipto Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jayasagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Nemmani
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mark G Bock
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dhananjay Bakhle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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3
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Sun S, Jia Q, Zenova AY, Wilson MS, Chowdhury S, Focken T, Li J, Decker S, Grimwood ME, Andrez JC, Hemeon I, Sheng T, Chen CA, White A, Hackos DH, Deng L, Bankar G, Khakh K, Chang E, Kwan R, Lin S, Nelkenbrecher K, Sellers BD, DiPasquale AG, Chang J, Pang J, Sojo L, Lindgren A, Waldbrook M, Xie Z, Young C, Johnson JP, Robinette CL, Cohen CJ, Safina BS, Sutherlin DP, Ortwine DF, Dehnhardt CM. Identification of Selective Acyl Sulfonamide–Cycloalkylether Inhibitors of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (NaV) 1.7 with Potent Analgesic Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 62:908-927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Qi Jia
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Alla Y. Zenova
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Michael S. Wilson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Sultan Chowdhury
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Thilo Focken
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Shannon Decker
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Michael E. Grimwood
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrez
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Ivan Hemeon
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Tao Sheng
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Chien-An Chen
- ChemPartner, Building No. 5, 998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Andy White
- ChemPartner, Building No. 5, 998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - David H. Hackos
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Lunbin Deng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Girish Bankar
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Kuldip Khakh
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Elaine Chang
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Rainbow Kwan
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Karen Nelkenbrecher
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Benjamin D. Sellers
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Antonio G. DiPasquale
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jae Chang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Luis Sojo
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Andrea Lindgren
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Matthew Waldbrook
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Clint Young
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - James P. Johnson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - C. Lee Robinette
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Charles J. Cohen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Brian S. Safina
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Daniel P. Sutherlin
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Daniel F. Ortwine
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Christoph M. Dehnhardt
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
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