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Wierońska JM, Pilc A. Glutamate-based anxiolytic ligands in clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1007-22. [PMID: 23718208 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.803066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With regard to anxiety, the role of the balance between glutamatergic and GABAergic systems was pursued for many years. The majority of drugs used presently as effective anxiolytics enhance the GABAergic system activity, thus increasing inhibition within the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, decreasing the activity of glutamatergic neurotransmission may attenuate excitation in the CNS, thus resulting in anxiolysis. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on clinical data of well-known and recently discovered glutamatergic and, to a lesser extent, GABAergic agents, which reached at least the Phase II criteria. EXPERT OPINION A variety of glutamatergic agents active at both N-acetylo-D-asparaginian and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have been tested in humans to examine their potential anxiolytic activity. Many compounds acting on the glutamatergic system and approved for the treatment of other disorders than anxiety were shown to exert anxiolytic effects in clinical trials. Those are mainly voltage-dependent ion channel ligands as well as d-cycloserin and memantine. Also, ligands active at mGlu receptors, such as fenobam and LY354740, exhibited activity in controlled clinical trials. However, relatively few trials are found on the agents that are focused on GABAergic neurotransmission. Therefore, it seems that glutamatergic system may become a novel target for modern and effective anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Zhang L, Brodney MA, Candler J, Doran AC, Duplantier AJ, Efremov IV, Evrard E, Kraus K, Ganong AH, Haas JA, Hanks AN, Jenza K, Lazzaro JT, Maklad N, McCarthy SA, Qian W, Rogers BN, Rottas MD, Schmidt CJ, Siuciak JA, Tingley FD, Zhang AQ. 1-[(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-phenylpiperidines as mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulators for the Treatment of Psychosis. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1724-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Candler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela C. Doran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allen J. Duplantier
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edel Evrard
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Kraus
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan H. Ganong
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica A. Haas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley N. Hanks
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Keith Jenza
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sheryl A. McCarthy
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Weimin Qian
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Melinda D. Rottas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Judith A. Siuciak
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - F. David Tingley
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andy Q. Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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