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Zhang W, Wu L, Qu R, Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Bei W, Guo J, Hu X. Hesperidin activates the GLP-1R/cAMP-CREB/IRS2/PDX1 pathway to promote transdifferentiation of islet α cells into β cells Across the spectrum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35424. [PMID: 39220963 PMCID: PMC11365324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims In all age, FoShou as a Chinese medicinal herb has been active in various kinds of Traditional Chinese medicine formula to treating diabetes. Hesperidin (HES), the main monomeric component of FoShou, has been extensively investigated for interventions with pathogenic mechanism of diabetes as well as subsequent treatment of associated complications. Islet β-cells have an essential effect on dynamically regulating blood sugar. Functional abnormalities in these cells and their death are strongly associated with the onset of diabetes. Therefore, induction of islet endocrine cell lineage re-editing for damaged βcell replenishment would be a promising therapeutic tool. Previously, it has been found that HES can protect islet β-cells in vivo, But, the regenerative function of HES in islet β cells and its role in promoting differential non-β cells transdifferentiation into β cells and cell fate rewriting associated mechanisms remain unclear.This work focused on investigating whether HES can induce islet α cells transdifferentiation into β cells for achieving damaged β cell regeneration and the causes and possible mechanisms involved in the process. Materials and methods In brief, 60 mg/kg/d streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intraperitoneally in each male C57bL/6J mouse raised by the high-sugar and high-fat diet (HFD) to create a diabetic mouse model with severe β-cell damage. After 28 consecutive days of HES treatment (160 mg/kg; 320 mg/kg; once daily, as appropriate). Tracing the dynamics of α as well as β cell transformation, together with β cells growth and apoptosis levels during treatment by cell lineage tracing. The self-enforcing transcriptional network on which the cell lineage is based is used as a clue to explore the underlying mechanisms. Guangdong Pharmaceutical University's Animal Experiment Ethics Committee (GDPulac2019180) approved all animal experiments. Results Localization by cell lineage we find that transdifferentiated newborn β-cells derived from α cells appeared in the islet endocrine cell mass of DM mice under HES'action. Compared to the model group, expressed by Tunel staining and CXCL10 levels the overall apoptosis rate of β-cells of the pancreas were reduced,the inflammatory infiltration feedback from HE staining were lower.Ki-67 positive cells showed enhanced β-cell proliferation. Decreased HbA1c and blood glucose contents, elevated C-Peptide and insulin contents which respond to ability of nascent beta cells. Also upregulated the mRNA levels of MafA, Ngn3, PDX-1, Pax4 and Arx. Moreover, increased the expression of TGR5/cAMP-CREB/GLP-1 in mouse intestinal tissues and GLP-1/GLP-1R and cAMP-CREB/IRS2/PDX-1 in pancreatic tissues. Conclusions HES directly affects β-cells, apart from being anti-apoptotic and reducing inflammatory infiltration. HES promotes GLP-1 release by intestinal L cells by activating the TGR5 receptor in DM mouse and regulating its response element CREB signaling. GLP-1 then uses the GLP-1/GLP-1R system to act on IRS2, IRS2 as a port to influence α precursor cells to express PDX-1, with the mobilization of Pax4 strong expression than Arx so that α cell lineage is finally reversed for achieving β cell endogenous proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lele Wu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ru Qu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Stein C. Effects of pH on opioid receptor activation and implications for drug design. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00446-6. [PMID: 38970252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors are integral membrane proteins that transduce chemical signals from the extracellular matrix into the cell. Traditional drug design has considered ligand-receptor interactions only under normal conditions. However, studies on opioids indicate that such interactions are very different in diseased tissues. In such microenvironments, protons play an important role in structural and functional alterations of both ligands and receptors. The pertinent literature strongly suggests that future drug design should take these aspects into account in order to reduce adverse side effects while preserving desired effects of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stein
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Experimental Anaesthesiology, Berlin, Germany.
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Guan Z, Luo L, Liu S, Guan Z, Zhang Q, Wu Z, Tao K. The role of TGR5 as an onco-immunological biomarker in tumor staging and prognosis by encompassing the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953091. [PMID: 36338742 PMCID: PMC9630950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between G protein–coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5, GPBAR1) and, specifically, cancer has been studied in in vivo and in vitro experiments, but there is still a lack of pan-cancer analysis to understand the prognostic significance and functioning mechanism of TGR5 in different cancer-driving oncogenic processes. Here, we used Gene Expression Integration, Human Protein Atlas, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to perform a pan-cancer analysis of the role of TGR5 in all 33 tumors. In all TCGA tumors, the TGR5 gene expression has been assessed, and we found that the high TGR5 gene expression in most cancers is associated with poor prognosis of overall survival for cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme (p = 0.0048), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (p = 0.033), lower grade glioma (p = 0.0028), thymoma (p = 0.048), and uveal melanoma (p = 0.004), and then the lower expression of TGR5 was linked with poor prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (p = 0.014), malignant mesothelioma (MESO) (p = 0.048), sarcoma (p = 0.018), and skin cutaneous melanoma (p = 0.0085). The TGR5 expression was linked with the immune infiltration level of the macrophage M2_TIDE and was also associated with DNA methylation in ovarian and breast cancers. The regulation of hormone secretion, Rap1 pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and bile acid pathway was involved in the functional mechanism of TGR5. Besides, gene expressions were different in different tumors detected by RT-PCR, and cell activity experiments have also found that TGR5 can increase the activity of renal cell carcinoma and reduce the activity of skin cancer and osteosarcoma cells. In this investigation, the aim was to assess the comprehensive overview of the oncogenic roles of TGR5 in all TCGA tumors using pan-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated With Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhong Wu, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Zhiqiang Guan,
| | - Qinggang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhong Wu, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Zhiqiang Guan,
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhong Wu, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Zhiqiang Guan,
| | - Kun Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhong Wu, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Zhiqiang Guan,
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Duerrauer L, Muratspahić E, Gattringer J, Keov P, Mendel HC, Pfleger KDG, Muttenthaler M, Gruber CW. I8-arachnotocin-an arthropod-derived G protein-biased ligand of the human vasopressin V 2 receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19295. [PMID: 31848378 PMCID: PMC6917733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) and their G protein-coupled receptors OTR, V1aR, V1bR, and V2R form an important and widely-distributed neuroendocrine signaling system. In mammals, this signaling system regulates water homeostasis, blood pressure, reproduction, as well as social behaviors such as pair bonding, trust and aggression. There exists high demand for ligands with differing pharmacological profiles to study the physiological and pathological functions of the individual receptor subtypes. Here, we present the pharmacological characterization of an arthropod (Metaseiulus occidentalis) OT/VP-like nonapeptide across the human OT/VP receptors. I8-arachnotocin is a full agonist with respect to second messenger signaling at human V2R (EC50 34 nM) and V1bR (EC50 1.2 µM), a partial agonist at OTR (EC50 790 nM), and a competitive antagonist at V1aR [pA2 6.25 (558 nM)]. Intriguingly, I8-arachnotocin activated the Gαs pathway of V2R without recruiting either β-arrestin-1 or β-arrestin-2. I8-arachnotocin might thus be a novel pharmacological tool to study the (patho)physiological relevance of β-arrestin-1 or -2 recruitment to the V2R. These findings furthermore highlight arthropods as a novel, vast and untapped source for the discovery of novel pharmacological probes and potential drug leads targeting neurohormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Duerrauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Gattringer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Keov
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen C Mendel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Young BM, Nguyen E, Chedrawe MAJ, Rainey JK, Dupré DJ. Differential Contribution of Transmembrane Domains IV, V, VI, and VII to Human Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Homomer Formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3341-3350. [PMID: 28096461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in drug therapy and represent one of the largest families of drug targets. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is notable as it has a central role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Blockade of AT1R signaling has been shown to alleviate hypertension and improve outcomes in patients with heart failure. Despite this, it has become apparent that our initial understanding of AT1R signaling is oversimplified. There is considerable evidence to suggest that AT1R signaling is highly modified in the presence of receptor-receptor interactions, but there is very little structural data available to explain this phenomenon even with the recent elucidation of the AT1R crystal structure. The current study investigates the involvement of transmembrane domains in AT1R homomer assembly with the goal of identifying hydrophobic interfaces that contribute to receptor-receptor affinity. A recently published crystal structure of the AT1R was used to guide site-directed mutagenesis of outward-facing hydrophobic residues within the transmembrane region of the AT1R. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer was employed to analyze how receptor mutation affects the assembly of AT1R homomers with a specific focus on hydrophobic residues. Mutations within transmembrane domains IV, V, VI, and VII had no effect on angiotensin-mediated β-arrestin1 recruitment; however, they exhibited differential effects on the assembly of AT1R into oligomeric complexes. Our results demonstrate the importance of hydrophobic amino acids at the AT1R transmembrane interface and provide the first glimpse of the requirements for AT1R complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan K Rainey
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Guo C, Chen WD, Wang YD. TGR5, Not Only a Metabolic Regulator. Front Physiol 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 28082913 PMCID: PMC5183627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), is a member of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. High levels of TGR5 mRNA were detected in several tissues such as small intestine, stomach, liver, lung, especially in placenta and spleen. TGR5 is not only the receptor for bile acids, but also the receptor for multiple selective synthetic agonists such as 6α-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (6-EMCA, INT-777) and a series of 4-benzofuranyloxynicotinamde derivatives to regulate different signaling pathways such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). TGR5, as a metabolic regulator, is involved in energy homeostasis, bile acid homeostasis, as well as glucose metabolism. More recently, our group and others have extended the functions of TGR5 to more than metabolic regulation, which include inflammatory response, cancer and liver regeneration. These findings highlight TGR5 as a potential drug target for different diseases. This review summarizes the basic information of TGR5 and its new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan UniversityKaifeng, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing, China
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