1
|
Shuto T, Mine Y, Makihira S, Nikawa H, Wachi T, Kakimoto K. Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:51. [PMID: 35009198 PMCID: PMC8746240 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride and abrasives in toothpastes may cause corrosion and deterioration of the titanium used for implants and other prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence or absence and types of fluoride and abrasives affected the titanium surface texture. Brushing with toothpastes was performed on pure-titanium discs using an abrasive testing machine. Unprocessed titanium discs without brushing were used as control samples. Surface roughness, color, and gloss of titanium were measured and the differences compared with the control were analyzed. Additionally, titanium surfaces and abrasives in toothpastes were observed using a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface texture of each sample. Some toothpastes (abrasive+) significantly increased the difference in surface roughness, color, and gloss, compared with ultrapure water. Toothpaste (fluoride+/abrasive+) that had many polygonal abrasive particles led to the largest color differences and exhibited notable scratches and a larger number of contaminant- or corrosion-like black spots. In contrast, brushing with toothpaste without fluoride or abrasives (fluoride-/abrasive-) caused little change to the titanium surface. These results suggest that both fluoride and abrasives in toothpaste used for brushing may be factors that affect surface texture and corrosion resistance of titanium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shuto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4 Makinohonmachi, Osaka 573-1144, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Seicho Makihira
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Takanori Wachi
- Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Kazutoshi Kakimoto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4 Makinohonmachi, Osaka 573-1144, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Bai S, Li F, Li D, Zhang J, Tian M, Zhang Q, Tong Y, Zhang Z, Wang G, Guo T, Ma C. Effect of plasma nitriding and titanium nitride coating on the corrosion resistance of titanium. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
3
|
Park JB, Lee SH, Kim N, Park S, Jin SH, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. Instrumentation With Ultrasonic Scalers Facilitates Cleaning of the Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Titanium Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2015; 41:419-28. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical instrumentation is widely used to debride dental implants, but this may alter the surface properties of titanium, which in turn may influence bacterial adhesion and make it more difficult to remove the biofilm. This in vitro study was performed (1) to assess the amount of biofilm formation on a sand-blasted and acid-etched titanium fixture treated with ultrasonic scalers with metal, plastic, and carbon tips and (2) to evaluate how this treatment of titanium surfaces affects implant cleaning by brushing with dentifrice. The titanium fixtures were treated with various ultrasonic scaler tips, and surface roughness parameters were measured by confocal microscopy. Biofilm was formed on the treated fixtures by using pooled saliva from 10 subjects, and the quantity of the adherent bacteria was compared with crystal violet assay. The fixture surfaces with biofilm were brushed for total of 30 seconds with a toothbrush with dentifrice. The bacteria remaining on the brushed fixture surfaces were quantified by scanning electron microscopy. Surface changes were evident, and the changes of the surfaces were more discernible when metal tips were used. A statistically significant decrease in roughness value (arithmetic mean height of the surface) was seen in the 2 metal-tip groups and the single plastic-tip group. After brushing with dentifrice, the treated surfaces in all the treatment groups showed significantly fewer bacteria compared with the untreated surfaces in the control group, and the parts of the surfaces left untreated in the test groups. Within the limits of this study, treatment of titanium fixture surfaces with ultrasonic metal, plastic, or carbon tips significantly enhanced the bacterial removal efficacy of brushing. Thorough instrumentation that smooths the whole exposed surface may facilitate maintenance of the implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - NamRyang Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jin
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kack-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koh M, Park JB, Jang YJ, Ko Y. The effect of pretreating resorbable blast media titanium discs with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:301-7. [PMID: 24455443 PMCID: PMC3891862 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.6.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This in vitro study was performed to assess the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a resorbable blast media (RBM) titanium surface pretreated with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush and to evaluate the effects of the treatment of the RBM titanium discs on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. Methods RBM titanium discs were pretreated with one of several ultrasonic scaler tips or cleaned with a toothbrush. Then the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis and the quantity of adherent bacteria was compared. The disc surfaces incubated with bacteria were brushed with a toothbrush with dentifrice. Bacteria remaining on the disc surfaces were quantified. Results A change in morphology of the surface of the RBM titanium discs after different treatments was noted. There were no significant differences in the adherence of bacteria on the pretreated discs according to the treatment modality. Pretreatment with various instruments did not produce significant differences in the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing with dentifrice. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, various types of mechanical instrumentation were shown to cause mechanical changes on the RBM titanium surface but did not show a significant influence on the adherence of bacteria and removal efficiency of brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Koh
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park JB, Jang YJ, Koh M, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. In Vitro Analysis of the Efficacy of Ultrasonic Scalers and a Toothbrush for Removing Bacteria from Resorbable Blast Material Titanium Disks. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1191-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
Effects of Ultrasonic Scaler Tips and Toothbrush on Titanium Disc Surfaces Evaluated With Confocal Microscopy. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23:1552-8. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31825e3ba6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
7
|
Faria ACL, Bordin ARDV, Pedrazzi V, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Effect of whitening toothpaste on titanium and titanium alloy surfaces. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:498-504. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012005000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fais LMG, Fernandes-Filho RB, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Vaz LG, Adabo GL. Titanium surface topography after brushing with fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste simulating 10 years of use. J Dent 2012; 40:265-75. [PMID: 22265989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a controlled study contrasting titanium surface topography after procedures that simulated 10 years of brushing using toothpastes with or without fluoride. METHODS Commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V disks (6 mm Ø×4 mm) were mirror-polished and treated according to 6 groups (n=6) as a function of immersion (I) or brushing (B) using deionised water (W), fluoride-free toothpaste (T) and fluoride toothpaste (FT). Surface topography was evaluated at baseline (pretreatment) and post-treatment, using atomic force microscope in order to obtain three-dimensional images and mean roughness. Specimens submitted to immersion were submerged in the vehicles without brushing. For brushed specimens, procedures were conducted using a linear brushing machine with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Immersion and brushing were performed for 244 h. IFT and BFT samples were analysed under scanning electron microscope with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Pre and post-treatment values were compared using the paired Student T-test (α=.05). Intergroup comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test (α=.05). RESULTS cp Ti mean roughness (in nanometers) comparing pre and post-treatment were: IW, 2.29±0.55/2.33±0.17; IT, 2.24±0.46/2.02±0.38; IFT, 2.22±0.53/1.95±0.36; BW, 2.22±0.42/3.76±0.45; BT, 2.27±0.55/16.05±3.25; BFT, 2.27±0.51/22.39±5.07. Mean roughness (in nanometers) measured in Ti-6Al-4V disks (pre/post-treatment) were: IW, 1.79±0.25/2.01±0.25; IT, 1.61±0.13/1.74±0.19; IFT, 1.92±0.39/2.29±0.51; BW, 2.00±0.71/2.05±0.43; BT, 2.37±0.86/11.17±2.29; BFT, 1.83±0.50/15.73±1.78. No significant differences were seen after immersions (p>.05). Brushing increased the roughness of cp Ti and of Ti-6Al-4V (p<.01); cp Ti had topographic changes after BW, BT and BFT treatments whilst Ti-6Al-4V was significantly different only after BT and BTF. EDS has not detected fluoride or sodium ions on metal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to toothpastes (immersion) does not affect titanium per se; their use during brushing affects titanium topography and roughness. The associated effects of toothpaste abrasives and fluorides seem to increase roughness on titanium brushed surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiza M G Fais
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Impact d’un protocole de deux ans de protection fluorée anti-caries sur les brackets en titane. Int Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Khoury ES, Abboud M, Bassil-Nassif N, Bouserhal J. Effect of a two-year fluoride decay protection protocol on titanium brackets. Int Orthod 2011; 9:432-51. [PMID: 22032966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluoride ion can attack titanium, causing its corrosion. Orthodontic patients being high-risk caries developers and in need of fluoride protection, the Center for Disease Control has developed a Fluoride Decay Prevention (FDP) protocol, consisting of a 6-minute tooth-brushing, followed by a 1-minute daily mouthwash, in addition to an in-clinic trimestrial topical fluoride gel application. This study aimed at evaluating gravimetrically, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and by sliding mechanics analysis, the consequences of FDP at 6, 12, 18, and 24months on titanium brackets corrosion. METHODS One hundred and fifty titanium brackets were randomly divided into five groups of 30. Group 1 was the control group. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 each received an equivalent of 6, 12, 18, and 24months of FDP treatment respectively. All groups were placed in artificial saliva for 2months and then rinsed. Subsequently, the brackets were dried, for 48hours, using Silica gel in a desiccator maintained at 37°C before testing. RESULTS SEM analysis showed that numbers and dimensions of pits gradually increased due to corrosion as we moved from group 1 to group 5. Gravimetrical and sliding mechanics results revealed no statistical difference between groups 2 and 3, and a significant difference between groups 4 and 5 upon comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION Surface changes due to corrosion were detected at 6 and 12months of FDP but had no clinical effects. However, the increase in sliding resistance and bracket weight loss became significant at 18 and 24months of FDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie S Khoury
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hossain A, Okawa S, Miyakawa O. Surface texture and composition of titanium brushed with toothpaste slurries of different pHs. Dent Mater 2007; 23:186-92. [PMID: 16487582 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study characterized the surface texture and composition of titanium brushed with toothpaste slurries of different pHs, and thereby elucidated mechanochemical interactions between the metal and abrasive material in dentifrice. METHODS Two fluoride-free toothpastes, which contained crystalline CaHPO(4).2H(2)O and amorphous SiO(2) particles as abrasive, were mixed with acidic buffers to provide slurries of pH 6.8 and 4.8. Specimens were cast from CP Ti, mirror-polished, and then toothbrushed at 120strokes/min for 350,400 strokes under a load of 2.45N. Specimen surfaces were characterized by means of SPM and EPMA. The obtained data were compared with the already reported results of water-diluted alkaline slurries. SPM data of each paste were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Irrespective of toothpaste, neutral slurries, as with alkaline slurries, yielded a chemically altered surface with rough texture, whereas acidic slurries formed a chemically clean surface with relatively smooth texture. Mechanochemical polishing effect might be mainly responsible for the cleanness and smoothness. SIGNIFICANCE Acidic slurry-induced smooth surface may minimize plaque formation. However, the augmentation of released titanium ions may be adverse to the human body. For evaluation of toothpaste abrasion effects on titanium, paste slurry pH should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awlad Hossain
- Division of Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Gakkoucho-dori 2-5274, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|