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Vairavan R, Abdullah O, Retnasamy PB, Sauli Z, Shahimin MM, Retnasamy V. A Brief Review on Breast Carcinoma and Deliberation on Current Non Invasive Imaging Techniques for Detection. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:85-121. [PMID: 31975658 DOI: 10.2174/1573405613666170912115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is a life threatening disease that accounts for 25.1% of all carcinoma among women worldwide. Early detection of the disease enhances the chance for survival. DISCUSSION This paper presents comprehensive report on breast carcinoma disease and its modalities available for detection and diagnosis, as it delves into the screening and detection modalities with special focus placed on the non-invasive techniques and its recent advancement work done, as well as a proposal on a novel method for the application of early breast carcinoma detection. CONCLUSION This paper aims to serve as a foundation guidance for the reader to attain bird's eye understanding on breast carcinoma disease and its current non-invasive modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendaran Vairavan
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Othman Abdullah
- Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaliman Sauli
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vithyacharan Retnasamy
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Huang Z, Qi Y, Zhang K, Gu L, Guo J, Wang R, Mai S. Use of experimental-resin-based materials doped with carboxymethyl chitosan and calcium phosphate microfillers to induce biomimetic remineralization of caries-affected dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 89:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Release of ICTP and CTX telopeptides from demineralized dentin matrices: Effect of time, mass and surface area. Dent Mater 2018; 34:452-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of EDC crosslinking on the stiffness of dentin hybrid layers evaluated by nanoDMA over time. Dent Mater 2017; 33:904-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Abuna G, Feitosa VP, Correr AB, Cama G, Giannini M, Sinhoreti MA, Pashley DH, Sauro S. Bonding performance of experimental bioactive/biomimetic self-etch adhesives doped with calcium-phosphate fillers and biomimetic analogs of phosphoproteins. J Dent 2016; 52:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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6
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Turco G, Frassetto A, Fontanive L, Mazzoni A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Occlusal loading and cross-linking effects on dentin collagen degradation in physiological conditions. Dent Mater 2016; 32:192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Influence of phosphoproteins’ biomimetic analogs on remineralization of mineral-depleted resin–dentin interfaces created with ion-releasing resin-based systems. Dent Mater 2015; 31:759-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Agee KA, Mazzoni A, Carvalho RM, Carrilho M, Tersariol IL, Nascimento FD, Imazato S, Tjäderhane L, Breschi L, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Can quaternary ammonium methacrylates inhibit matrix MMPs and cathepsins? Dent Mater 2014; 31:e25-32. [PMID: 25467953 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentin matrices release ICTP and CTX fragments during collagen degradation. ICTP fragments are known to be produced by MMPs. CTX fragments are thought to come from cathepsin K activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if quaternary methacrylates (QAMs) can inhibit matrix MMPs and cathepsins. METHODS Dentin beams were demineralizated, and dried to constant weight. Beams were incubated with rh-cathepsin B, K, L or S for 24h at pH 7.4 to identify which cathepsins release CTX at neutral pH. Beams were dipped in ATA, an antimicrobial QAM to determine if it can inhibit dentin matrix proteases. Other beams were dipped in another QAM (MDPB) to determine if it produced similar inhibition of dentin proteases. RESULTS Only beams incubated with cathepsin K lost more dry mass than the controls and released CTX. Dentin beams dipped in ATA and incubated for 1 week at pH 7.4, showed a concentration-dependent reduction in weight-loss. There was no change in ICTP release from control values, meaning that ATA did not inhibit MMPs. Media concentrations of CTX fell significantly at 15wt% ATA indicating that ATA inhibits capthesins. Beams dipped in increasing concentrations of MDPB lost progressively less mass, showing that MDPB is a protease-inhibitor. ICTP released from controls or beams exposed to low concentrations were the same, while 5 or 10% MDPB significantly lowered ICTP production. CTX levels were strongly inhibited by 2.5-10% MDPB, indicating that MDPB is a potent inhibitor of both MMPs and cathepsin K. SIGNIFICANCE CTX seems to be released from dentin matrix only by cathepsin K. MMPs and cathepsin K and B may all contribute to matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kelli A Agee
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ricardo M Carvalho
- Department of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcela Carrilho
- UNIBAN (University Bandeirante Anhanguera), Biomaterials Research Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacão Bioquimica, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das cruzes, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Satoshi Imazato
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of SAU&FAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; UNIBAN (University Bandeirante Anhanguera), Biomaterials Research Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Yahyazadehfar M, Mutluay MM, Majd H, Ryou H, Arola D. Fatigue of the resin-enamel bonded interface and the mechanisms of failure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 21:121-32. [PMID: 23571321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The durability of adhesive bonds to enamel and dentin and the mechanisms of degradation caused by cyclic loading are important to the survival of composite restorations. In this study a novel method of evaluation was used to determine the strength of resin-enamel bonded interfaces under oth static and cyclic loading, and to identify the mechanisms of failure. Specimens with twin interfaces of enamel bonded to commercial resin composite were loaded in monotonic and cyclic 4-point flexure to failure within a hydrated environment. Results for the resin-enamel interface were compared with those for the resin composite (control) and values reported for resin-dentin adhesive bonds. Under both modes of loading the strength of the resin-enamel interface was significantly (p≤0.0001) lower than that of the resin composite and the resin-dentin bonded interface. Fatigue failure of the interface occurred predominantly by fracture of enamel, adjacent to the interface, and not due to adhesive failures. In the absence of water aging or acid production of biofilms, the durability of adhesive bonds to enamel is lower than that achieved in dentin bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Yahyazadehfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Mutluay MM, Zhang K, Ryou H, Yahyazadehfar M, Majd H, Xu HHK, Arola D. On the fatigue behavior of resin-dentin bonds after degradation by biofilm. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 18:219-31. [PMID: 23276517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The durability of resin-dentin bonds is a growing concern in the placement of composite restorations. Most reported evaluations concerning the mechanical behavior of the bonded interface are conducted using static loading to failure only. They also do not account for the acid production of biofilms, which is one of the most common contributors to interfacial failures in vivo. In this investigation resin-dentin bonded interface specimens were exposed to S. mutans for 14 days and then subjected to quasi-static or cyclic four-point flexure to failure. Control specimens (without biofilm) were evaluated after aging for one and fourteen days. While no significant difference in flexure strength resulted from the duration of water aging (66.2 MPa vs. 56.9 MPa), biofilm exposure caused a significant reduction in strength (29.3 MPa; p ≤ 0.000). After water aging for one and fourteen days the apparent endurance limits were 13.0 MPa and 13.1 MPa, respectively. Biofilm treatment caused a significant (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in fatigue resistance of the interface, and the endurance limit was reduced to 9.9 MPa. Fatigue failure of the control specimens initiated within the resin composite adjacent to the interface, whereas failure of the biofilm treated specimens initiated within the hybrid layer and appeared attributed to the localized demineralization of dentin. Biofilm degradation is an important consideration in assessing the durability of resin-dentin bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Murat Mutluay
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Mutluay MM, Agee KA, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Hoshika T, Cadenaro M, Breschi L, Vallittu P, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Carbodiimide cross-linking inactivates soluble and matrix-bound MMPs, in vitro. J Dent Res 2011; 91:192-6. [PMID: 22058118 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511427705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cause collagen degradation in hybrid layers created by dentin adhesives. This in vitro study evaluated the feasibility of using a cross-linking agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), to inactivate soluble rhMMP-9, as an example of dentin MMPs, and matrix-bound dentin proteases. The inhibitory effects of 5 EDC concentrations (0.01-0.3 M) and 5 incubation times (1-30 min) on soluble rhMMP-9 were screened with an MMP assay kit. The same EDC concentrations were used to evaluate their inhibitory effects on endogenous proteinases from completely demineralized dentin beams that were incubated in simulated body fluid for 30 days. Decreases in modulus of elasticity (E) and dry mass of the beams, and increases in hydroxyproline content of hydrolysates derived from the incubation medium were used as indirect measures of matrix collagen hydrolysis. All EDC concentrations and pre-treatment times inactivated MMP-9 by 98% to 100% (p < 0.05) compared with non-cross-linked controls. Dentin beams incubated in 0.3 M EDC showed only a 9% decrease in E (45% decrease in control), a 3.6% to 5% loss of dry mass (18% loss in control), and significantly less solubilized hydroxyproline when compared with the control without EDC cross-linking (p < 0.05). It is concluded that EDC application for 1 min may be a clinically relevant and effective means for inactivating soluble rhMMP-9 and matrix-bound dentin proteinases if further studies demonstrate that EDC is not toxic to pulpal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Turku, Institute of Dentistry, Lemminkaisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Zou Y, Armstrong SR, Jessop JLP. Quantitative analysis of adhesive resin in the hybrid layer using Raman spectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:288-97. [PMID: 20186729 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine absolute molar concentration of adhesive resin components in the hybrid layer by establishing methods based on Raman spectroscopy fundamentals. The hybrid layer was treated as a three-component system consisting of collagen and an adhesive resin containing two monomers. Adhesive standard specimens and Raman peak area ratios obtained with a 785 nm excitation wavelength were used to construct separate calibration curves for comonomer relative molar concentration and Bis-GMA absolute molar concentration. As collagen and water had no measurable peaks in the fingerprint region, a dilution coefficient K(j) was defined to describe their impact on Raman peak area and to calculate HEMA absolute molar concentration. Methodology was validated using an analogous system containing acetone/ethanol/water. The absolute molar concentration of Bis-GMA and HEMA decreased 87% and 83%, respectively, from the top quarter to the middle of the hybrid layer. Additionally, less Bis-GMA penetrated the hybrid layer than HEMA, as indicated by the approximately 20% decrease in comonomer molar concentration ratio between the adhesive resin layer and the top half of the hybrid layer. Lack of complete monomer infiltration will further challenge dentin-adhesive bond longevity. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Chiaraputt S, Mai S, Huffman BP, Kapur R, Agee KA, Yiu CKY, Chan DCN, Harnirattisai C, Arola DD, Rueggeberg FA, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Changes in resin-infiltrated dentin stiffness after water storage. J Dent Res 2008; 87:655-60. [PMID: 18573986 DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticization of polymers by water sorption lowers their mechanical properties in a manner that is predictable by the polarity of their component resins. This study tested the hypothesis that when adhesive resins were used to create resin-infiltrated dentin, the reductions in their flexural moduli after water storage would be lowered proportional to their hydrophilic characteristics. Three increasingly hydrophilic resin blends were used to fabricate polymer beams and macro-hybrid layer models of resin-infiltrated dentin for testing with a miniature three-point flexure device, before and after 1-4 weeks of water storage. Flexural modulus reductions in macro-hybrid layers were related to, and more extensive than, reductions in the corresponding polymer beams. Macro-hybrid layers that were more hydrophilic exhibited higher percent reductions in flexural modulus, with the rate of reduction proportional to the Hoy's solubility parameters for total intermolecular attraction forces (delta(t)) and polar forces (delta(p)) of the macro-hybrid layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiaraputt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
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