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Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R, Bueno J, Vallecillo C, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Sanz M. Next-generation antibacterial nanopolymers for treating oral chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin. Int Endod J 2024; 57:787-803. [PMID: 38340038 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Periodontitis' refers to periodontal destruction of connective tissue attachment and bone, in response to microorganisms forming subgingival biofilms on the root surface, while 'apical periodontitis' refers to periapical inflammatory processes occurring in response to microorganisms within the root canal system. The treatment of both diseases is based on the elimination of the bacterial challenge, though its predictability depends on the ability of disrupting these biofilms, what may need adjunctive antibacterial strategies, such as the next-generation antibacterial strategies (NGAS). From all the newly developed NGAS, the use of polymeric nanotechnology may pose a potential effective approach. Although some of these strategies have only been tested in vitro and in preclinical in vivo models, their use holds a great potential, and therefore, it is relevant to understand their mechanism of action and evaluate their scientific evidence of efficacy. OBJECTIVES To explore NGAS based on polymeric nanotechnology used for the potential treatment of periodontitis and apical periodontitis. METHOD A systemic search of scientific publications of adjunctive antimicrobial strategies using nanopolymers to treat periodontal and periapical diseases was conducted using The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE by PubMed), The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and Web of Science. RESULTS Different polymeric nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanostructured hydrogels combined with antimicrobial substances have been identified in the periodontal literature, being the most commonly used nanopolymers of polycaprolactone, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan. As antimicrobials, the most frequently used have been antibiotics, though other antimicrobial substances, such as metallic ions, peptides and naturally derived products, have also been added to the nanopolymers. CONCLUSION Polymeric nanomaterials containing antimicrobial compounds may be considered as a potential NGAS. Its relative efficacy, however, is not well understood since most of the existing evidence is derived from in vitro or preclinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Postgraduate Program of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Bueno
- Postgraduate Program of Specialization in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Timbó ICG, Oliveira MSCS, Lima RA, Chaves AV, Pereira VDA, Fechine PBA, Regis RR. Microbiological, physicomechanical, and surface evaluation of an experimental self-curing acrylic resin containing halloysite nanotubes doped with chlorhexidine. Dent Mater 2024; 40:348-358. [PMID: 38142145 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to synthesize halloysite nanotubes loaded with chlorhexidine (HNT/CHX) and evaluate the antimicrobial activity, microhardness, color change, and surface characteristics of an experimental self-curing acrylic resin containing varying concentrations of the synthesized nanomaterial. METHODS The characterization of HNT/CHX was carried out by calculating incorporation efficiency, morphological and compositional, chemical and thermal evaluations. SAR disks were made containing 0 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 10 % of HNT/CHX. Specimens (n = 3) were immersed in distilled water and spectral measurements were carried out using UV/Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the release of CHX for up to 50 days. The antimicrobial activity of the composite against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by disk-diffusion test. Microhardness, color analyses (ΔE), and surface roughness (Ra) (n = 9) were performed before and after 30 days of immersion. Data were analyzed using ANOVA/Bonferroni. {Results.} The incorporation efficiency of CHX into HNT was of 8.15 %. All test groups showed controlled and cumulative CHX release up to 30 or 50 days. Significant antimicrobial activity was verified against both microorganisms (p < 0.001). After the 30-day immersion period, the 10 % HNT/CHX group showed a significant increase in hardness (p < 0.05) and a progressive color change (p < 0.001). At T0, the 5 % and 10 % groups exhibited Ra values similar to the control group (p > 0.05), while at T30, all groups showed similar roughness values (p > 0.05). {Significance.} The modification of a SAR with HNT/CHX provides antimicrobial effect and controlled release of CHX, however, the immediate surface roughness in the 3 % group was compromised when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C G Timbó
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayara S C S Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ramille A Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anderson V Chaves
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de A Pereira
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre B A Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Romulo R Regis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Federal University of Ceará (FFOE-UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Neves CB, Costa J, Portugal J, Bettencourt AF. Understanding the Mechanical, Surface, and Color Behavior of Oral Bioactive Prosthetic Polymers under Biodegradation Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112549. [PMID: 37299348 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the properties of resin-based polymers exposed to the oral environment can emerge when chlorhexidine (CHX) is incorporated to develop bioactive systems for treating denture stomatitis. Three reline resins loaded with CHX were prepared: 2.5 wt% in Kooliner (K), 5 wt% in Ufi Gel Hard (UFI), and Probase Cold (PC). A total of 60 specimens were submitted to physical aging (1000 cycles of thermal fluctuations, 5-55 °C) or chemical aging (28 days of pH fluctuations in artificial saliva, 6 h at pH = 3, 18 h at pH = 7). Knoop microhardness (30 s, 98 mN), 3-point flexural strength (5 mm/min), and surface energy were tested. Color changes (ΔE) were determined using the CIELab system. Data were submitted to non-parametric tests (α = 0.05). After aging, bioactive K and UFI specimens were not different from the controls (resins without CHX) in mechanical and surface properties. Thermally aged CHX-loaded PC specimens showed decreased microhardness and flexural strength but not under adequate levels for function. The color change was observed in all CHX-loaded specimens that underwent chemical aging. The long-term use of CHX bioactive systems based on reline resins generally does not impair removable dentures' proper mechanical and aesthetic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina B Neves
- Biomedical and Oral Sciences Research Unit (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinar Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Jaime Portugal
- Biomedical and Oral Sciences Research Unit (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana F Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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da Mota Martins V, Paranhos LR, de Oliveira MN, Maia LC, Machado AC, Santos-Filho PCF. Does the addition of chlorhexidine to glass ionomer cements influence its antimicrobial effect and survival rate? A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:365-379. [PMID: 35286624 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of the addition of chlorhexidine on the antimicrobial effect and on the survival of restorations performed with glass ionomer cement. METHODS Nine databases were used to search for randomized clinical trials that compared the survival rate and the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations with and without the incorporation of chlorhexidine (CHX), without restrictions on year or language. Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2 was used to assess the risk of bias. The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS From 593 studies found, seven met the inclusion criteria. The concentration of CHX varied between 0.5 and 2%. In general, the addition of CHX to GIC promoted reductions in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus burdens when compared to those without CHX. No study showed a difference in the survival of restorations between GIC with CHX and conventional GIC. Individual risk of bias varied from low to high and the certainty of evidence was classified as very low. CONCLUSIONS Based on a very low level of certainty, the evidence suggests that the incorporation of CHX in GIC might improve the antimicrobial effects for a short time, in addition to having little influence on the survival of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V da Mota Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L R Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - M N de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L C Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A C Machado
- Health Technical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P C F Santos-Filho
- Division of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Should local drug delivery systems be used in dentistry? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1395-1407. [PMID: 34545538 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In dentistry, the use of biomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDS) aiming the release of the active compounds directly to the site of action is slowly getting more awareness among the scientific and medical community. Emerging technologies including nanotechnological platforms are offering novel approaches, but the majority are still in the proof-of-concept stage. This study critically reviews the potential use of DDS in anesthesiology, oral diseases, cariology, restorative dentistry, periodontics, endodontics, implantology, fixed and removable prosthodontics, and orthodontics with a special focus on infections. It also stresses the gaps and challenges faced. Despite numerous clinical and pharmacological advantages, some disadvantages of DDS pose an obstacle to their widespread use. The biomaterial's biofunctionality may be affected when the drug is incorporated and may cause an additional risk of toxicity. Also, the release of sub-therapeutic levels of drugs such as antibiotics may lead to microbial resistance. Multiple available techniques for the manufacture of DDS may affect drug release profiles and their bioavailability. If the benefits outweigh the costs, DDS may be potentially used to prevent or treat oral pathologies as an alternative to conventional strategies. A case-by-case approach must be followed.
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Incorporation of Arginine to Commercial Orthodontic Light-Cured Resin Cements-Physical, Adhesive, and Antibacterial Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164391. [PMID: 34442914 PMCID: PMC8401166 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The amino acid arginine is now receiving great attention due to its potential anti-caries benefits. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and antimicrobial potential (CFU) of two arginine-containing orthodontic resin cements. (2) Methods: Forty bovine incisors were separated into four groups (n = 10): Orthocem, Orthocem + arginine (2.5 wt%), Transbond XT, and Transbond XT + arginine (2.5 wt%). The brackets were fixed to the flat surface of the enamel, and after 24 h the SBS was evaluated using the universal testing machine (Instron). For the UTS test, hourglass samples (n = 10) were made and tested in a mini-testing machine (OM-100, Odeme). For the antibacterial test (colony forming unit-CFU), six cement discs from each group were made and exposed to Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm for 7 days. The microbiological experiment was performed by serial and triplicate dilutions. The data from each test were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). (3) Results: The enamel SBS mean values of Transbond XT were statistically higher than those of Orthocem, both with and without arginine (p = 0.02033). There was no significant difference in the SBS mean values between the orthodontic resin cements, either with or without arginine (p = 0.29869). The UTS of the Transbond XT was statistically higher than the Orthocem, but the addition of arginine at 2.5 wt% did not influence the UTS for either resin cement. The Orthocem + arginine orthodontic resin cement was able to significantly reduce S. mutans growth, but no difference was observed for the Transbond XT (p = 0.03439). (4) Conclusion: The incorporation of arginine to commercial orthodontic resin cements may be an efficient preventive strategy to reduce bacterial growth without compromising their adhesive and mechanical properties.
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Cardoso RFDM, Basting RT, França FMG, Amaral FLBD, Basting RT. Physicochemical characterization, water sorption and solubility of adhesive systems incorporated with titanium tetrafluoride, and its influence on dentin permeability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104453. [PMID: 33780849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) in an aqueous solution can decrease dentin permeability, but some effects of its incorporation into adhesive systems are not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the physicochemical, water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) properties of two adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond/C and Scotchbond Universal/S) incorporated with 0.0% (T0), 2.5% (T2) and 4.0% (T4) titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), and determine dentin permeability (L) after application of these adhesive systems both immediately afterwards (baseline) and after 6 months of storage. The physicochemical analyses of the incorporated solutions were performed based on evaluating particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI) by dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential (ZP) by electrophoresis. WS and SL tests followed ISO 4049 standards, and used a 7-day water storage period. The L test was performed by analyzing human dentin discs before and after adhesive system application, and after storage. PS and PDI were higher for CT0 and ST4 (p < 0.0001; ANOVA, Tukey). ZP was lower for CT4, ST2 and ST4 (p < 0.0001; ANOVA, Tukey). A 4.0% TiF4 incorporation showed higher WS (p < 0.05; Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, Dunn). Higher SL was observed for CT0 and ST4 (p < 0.05; Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, Dunn). The L value at baseline was lower for ST4, but was not different from the CT4 groups after storage (p < 0.05; Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, Dunn). It can be concluded that TiF4 affected the colloidal stability of Scotchbond, but did not alter the other properties. The 2.5% TiF4 did not affect the PDI, WS or L of the Clearfil, and can be considered an alternative for reducing hybrid layer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Paqué PN, Schmidlin PR, Wiedemeier DB, Wegehaupt FJ, Burrer PD, Körner P, Deari S, Sciotti MA, Attin T. Toothpastes with Enzymes Support Gum Health and Reduce Plaque Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:835. [PMID: 33478112 PMCID: PMC7835853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Two promising formulations (enzyme-containing toothpastes with glucose oxidase and D-glucose with (C+) and without Citrox (C-) Citrox) were investigated in a clinical crossover trial (two slurries: sodium lauryl sulfate-containing (SLS), a toothpaste without SLS (reference), and water). Subjects (n = 20) abstained from toothbrushing for four days and rinsed with a toothpaste slurry. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices (PI) were measured. A mixed linear model was used to statistically compare the slurries with respect to BOP and PI change. The in vitro bacterial growth-inhibiting evaluation showed the best results for SLS, followed by C+ and C-. The change in BOP and PI exhibited statistically significant differences to water rinsing (BOP; PI changes in % points (difference of the baseline and post-rinse values: water = 8.8%; 90.0%; C+ = -1.4%; 80.4%; SLS = 1.5%; 72.1%; reference = 0.8%; 77.5%; C- = -1.8%; 75.1%). All slurries exhibited anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque effects, resulting in a prophylactic benefit for limited-access regions during brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune N. Paqué
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Phoebe D. Burrer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Shengjile Deari
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Michel-Angelo Sciotti
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences Northern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
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Satpute T, Mulay S. Chlorhexidine in operative dentistry - A review. JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL DENTAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jicdro.jicdro_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bafail A, Carrilho MR, Kishen A, Prakki A. Effect of protease inhibitor specificity on dentin matrix properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103861. [PMID: 32543386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate protease activity of dentin matrices subjected to treatment with non-specific (chlorhexidine - CHX), cysteine cathepsin specific (E-64), and cysteine cathepsin-K (CT-K) specific (Odanacatib - ODN) inhibitors. METHODS Pulverized dentin powder obtained from human dentin disks (0.5 mm thickness) completely demineralized with 10% H3PO4 were challenged in 1 mL lactic acid (LA) (0.1M, pH 5.5) or stored in deionized water for 30 min. Aliquots of dentin powder were then immersed in 1 mL of CHX (2%), E-64 (10 μM and 20 μM) or Odanacatib (0.2 nM and 1 μM) for 30min. Degradation of dentin collagen was determined by telopeptide assays measuring the sub-product release of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides (ICTP) and C-terminal peptide (CTX) in incubation media, which correlates with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and CT-K activities respectively (n = 3). The ICTP and CTX data were normalized to concentration of total protein (ICTPtp and CTXtp) in the media, measured by bicinchoninic acid assay. Dentin matrix properties were also measured by gravimetric change (n = 8) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (n = 10). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test and independent t-test (α = 5%). RESULTS Telopeptide assays showed significantly lower CTXtp values after treatment with E-64 and Odanacatib. E-64 and Odanacatib at all tested concentrations significantly reduced the release of ICTPtp. Gravimetric analysis showed no significant difference between the tested inhibitors and control except for CHX after lactic acid challenge. UTS results showed significantly higher values for E-64 (20 μM) and Odanacatib (0.2 nM and 1 μM) groups in deionized water. SIGNIFICANCE Dentin therapies targeting enzymes such as CT-K by specific inhibitors may provide superior pharmacokinetics and optimum efficacy due to precise protein binding, consequently limiting collagen degradation directly or indirectly by enzyme related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Bafail
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada; Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Janadah Bin Umayyah Road, Tayba, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcela Rocha Carrilho
- College of Dental Medicine Illinois, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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de Menezes LR, da Silva EO, Maurat da Rocha LV, Ferreira Barbosa I, Rodrigues Tavares M. The use of clays for chlorhexidine controlled release as a new perspective for longer durability of dentin adhesion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:132. [PMID: 31786679 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adhesive systems have the function to establish the connection between the restorative material and dental tissue, therefore it is of fundamental importance, because failures in the adhesive interface can reduce the life of a dental restoration. This study investigated the possibility of using the adhesive layer as a chlorhexidine modified release system evaluating their impact on the properties of these systems as well as evaluating the impact of these systems on immediate and post-aging dentin adhesion. Were used a matrix with BisGMA, UDMA, HEMA and TEGDMA copolymer and clay particles (Dellite 67G); associated with a chlorhexidine and a camphorquinone photoinitiator system. The properties of these systems were evaluated by the XRD, FTIR spectrophotometer, flexural strength, elasticity modulus, drug release, enzymatic inhibition and dentin adhesion resistance. The presence of the clay can raise the mechanical properties of the adhesive systems engendering a more resistant hybrid layer and led to a more sustained release of chlorhexidine in the systems, allowing a longer effective period of MMP-2 inhibition. The hypothesis that the addition of clays as release modulators could increase the effectiveness of these drugs in inhibiting the dentin's MPPs and consequently enhancing the adhesive durability was confirmed. These results indicate that the controlled release of chlorhexidine is able to reduce the process of loss of adhesion presenting itself as a promising system to increase the longevity of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Rodrigues de Menezes
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Oliveira da Silva
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Viana Maurat da Rocha
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel Ferreira Barbosa
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba/Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Bafail A, Azizalrahman M, Vilde T, Kishen A, Prakki A. Alternative model for cathepsin K activation in human dentin. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1630-1636. [PMID: 31543377 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protease activity in dentin matrices subjected to lactic acid (LA) in comparison to polyacrylic acid (PAA) challenge model at cathepsin K (CT-K) optimum pH 5.5 to assess effectiveness of inhibitors in dentin collagen degradation. METHODS Dentin disks measuring 0.5mm prepared from human molars were completely demineralized in 10% H3PO4. Demineralized dentin disks were challenged with 0.1M LA, 1.1mM PAA, artificial saliva (AS), or deionized water (C) for 24h or 7-days. Dentin collagen properties were tested by measurement of %dry mass change, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Degradation of dentin type I collagen was measured by telopeptide assays measuring the sub-product release of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides (ICTP) and C-terminal peptide (CTX) in the incubation media in relation to total protein concentration, which correlates with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CT-K activities. RESULTS Gravimetric analysis showed statistically significant difference between C and other groups (p<0.04) at 24h. LA specimens showed significantly higher weight loss from 24h to 7-days (p=0.02). UTS revealed statistically significant difference between AS and LA at 24h and 7-days. UTS at 24h and 7-days for C and AS had significantly higher mean values compared to LA and PAA. Telopeptide assays reported that CTXtp results showed that LA at 24h had significantly higher mean values compared to C and AS. SIGNIFICANCE LA has the ability to activate endogenous CT-K in dentin as measured by the release of CTX (CT-K specific telopeptide). This LA based model has the potential application for further investigations on the activity and possible inhibitors of CT-K in human dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bafail
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Azizalrahman
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Vilde
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Prakki
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Pelá VT, Prakki A, Wang L, Ventura TMS, de Souza E Silva CM, Cassiano LPS, Brianezzi LFF, Leite AL, Buzalaf MAR. The influence of fillers and protease inhibitors in experimental resins in the protein profile of the acquired pellicle formed in situ on enamel-resin specimens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104527. [PMID: 31472277 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of the addition of fillers and/or protease inhibitors [(epigallocatechin gallate - EGCG) or (chlorhexidine - CHX)] in experimental resins in the protein profile of the acquired pellicle (AP) formed in situ on enamel-resin specimens. DESIGN 324 samples of bovine enamel were prepared (6 × 6 × 2 mm). The center of each sample was added with one of the following experimental resins (Bis-GMA+TEGDMA): no filler, no inhibitor (NF-NI); filler no inhibitor (F-NI); no filler plus CHX (NF-CHX); filler plus CHX (F-CHX); no filler plus EGCG (NF-EGCG); filler plus EGCG (F-EGCG). Nine subjects used a removable jaw appliance (BISPM - Bauru in situ pellicle model) with 2 slabs from each group. The AP was formed for 120 min, in 9 days and collected with electrode filter paper soaked in 3% citric acid. The pellicles collected were processed for analysis by LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 140 proteins were found in the AP collected from all the substrates. Among them, 16 proteins were found in common in all the groups: 2 isoforms of Basic salivary proline-rich protein, Cystatin-S, Cystatin-AS, Cystatin-SN, Histatin-1, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, Lysozyme C, Mucin-7, Proline-rich protein 4, Protein S100-A9, Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein ½ and Statherin. Proteins with other functions, such as metabolism and transport, were also identified. CONCLUSION The composition of the experimental resins influenced the protein profile of the AP. This opens a new avenue for the development of new materials able to guide for AP engineering, thus conferring protection to the adjacent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Linda Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiza Paula Silva Cassiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Wang S, Xia Y, Ma T, Weir MD, Ren K, Reynolds MA, Shu Y, Cheng L, Schneider A, Xu HHK. Novel metformin-containing resin promotes odontogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis of dental pulp stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:85-96. [PMID: 30465181 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This represents the first report on the development of metformin-containing dental resins. The objectives were to use the resin as a carrier to deliver metformin locally to stimulate dental cells for dental tissue regeneration and to investigate the effects on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and mineral synthesis. Metformin was incorporated into a resin at 20% by mass as a model system. DPSC proliferation attaching on resins was evaluated. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) genes expressions were measured. ALP activity and alizarin red staining (ARS) of mineral synthesis by the DPSCs on resins were determined. DPSCs on metformin-containing resin proliferated well (mean ± SD; n = 6), and the number of cells increased by 4-fold from 1 to 14 days (p > 0.1). DSPP, ALP, and DMP-1 gene expressions of DPSCs on metformin resin were much higher than DPSCs on control resin without metformin (p < 0.05). ALP activity of metformin group was 70% higher than that without metformin at 14 days (p < 0.05). Mineral synthesis by DPSCs on metformin-containing resin at 21 days was 9-fold that without metformin (p < 0.05). A novel metformin-containing resin was developed, achieving substantial enhancement of odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and greater mineral synthesis. The metformin resin is promising for deep cavities and perforated cavities to stimulate DPSCs for tertiary dentin formation, for tooth root coatings with metformin release for periodontal regeneration, and for root canal fillings with apical lesions to stimulate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral, Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral, Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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15
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Inhibition of secondary caries in vitro by addition of chlorhexidine to adhesive components. Dent Mater 2019; 35:422-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Zhou W, Liu S, Zhou X, Hannig M, Rupf S, Feng J, Peng X, Cheng L. Modifying Adhesive Materials to Improve the Longevity of Resinous Restorations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030723. [PMID: 30744026 PMCID: PMC6387348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease on a global scale. Resin composites are the most popular materials to restore caries by bonding to tooth tissues via adhesives. However, multiple factors, such as microleakage and recurrent caries, impair the durability of resinous restorations. Various innovative methods have been applied to develop adhesives with particular functions to tackle these problems, such as incorporating matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, antibacterial or remineralizing agents into bonding systems, as well as improving the mechanical/chemical properties of adhesives, even combining these methods. This review will sum up the latest achievements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Jin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Botta L, Gulino EF, Gulli D. Tunable release of Chlorhexidine from Polycaprolactone-based filaments containing graphene nanoplatelets. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Pietrella D, Marmottini F, Padeletti G, Montesperelli G, Kaciulis S, Vici E, Cerri L, Ambrogi V. Resin-Based Materials with Chlorhexidine-Loaded MCM-41: Surface Characteristics, Drug Release, and Antibiofilm Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4144-4153. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pietrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto 5, Perugia 06122, Italy
| | - Fabio Marmottini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Padeletti
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Giampiero Montesperelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Impresa “Mario Lucertini″, University of Rome Tor Vergata, INSTM UdR Roma Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Luciana Cerri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) − CNR, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Valeria Ambrogi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
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Malaquias P, Gutierrez MF, Hass V, Stanislawczuk R, Bandeca MC, Arrais C, Farago PV, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Two-year Effects of Chlorhexidine-containing Adhesives on the In Vitro Durability of Resin-dentin Interfaces and Modeling of Drug Release. Oper Dent 2018; 43:201-212. [PMID: 29504885 DOI: 10.2341/16-333-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of addition of diacetate chlorhexidine (CHX) at different concentrations into two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems on CHX release, as well as the immediate (IM) and two-year (2-Y) resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL). METHODS CHX was added to XP Bond (XP) and Ambar (AM) at concentrations of 0.0 wt% (control); 0.01 wt%; 0.05 wt%; and 0.1 to 0.2 wt%. To assess the cumulative CHX release, adhesive disks were made in a metallic matrix and after light-curing were stored in water. Ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements of the storage solution were performed to examine the release kinetics of CHX. For μTBS and NL, the occlusal enamel of molars was removed and the adhesives were applied to the dentin surface after acid etching. After composite resin build-up, specimens were sectioned to obtain μTBS sticks. The specimens were subjected to μTBS and NL at IM and after 2-Y. In addition, specimens underwent examination for CHX using micro-Raman spectroscopy. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS With regard to CHX release, AM showed a slower and gradual release of CHX while XP released CHX more quickly ( p<0.05), and CHX was still present in the hybrid layers after 2-Y. Both adhesives showed CHX release at 2-Y water storage. Both CHX-containing adhesives showed higher μTBS values than did the control group ( p<0.05).
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20
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Functionalized epigallocatechin gallate copolymer inhibit dentin matrices degradation: Mechanical, solubilized telopeptide and proteomic assays. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1625-1633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Valenti S, Romanini M, Franco L, Puiggalí J, Tamarit JL, Macovez R. Tuning the Kinetic Stability of the Amorphous Phase of the Chloramphenicol Antibiotic. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5615-5624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Synthetic Polymers: Structure and Properties. Biodegradable Polymers, Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Romanini
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Franco
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Synthetic Polymers: Structure and Properties. Biodegradable Polymers, Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Synthetic Polymers: Structure and Properties. Biodegradable Polymers, Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Macovez
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Lapinska B, Klimek L, Sokolowski J, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Dentine Surface Morphology after Chlorhexidine Application-SEM Study. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080905. [PMID: 30960830 PMCID: PMC6403839 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a widely known and a very popular antibacterial agent that decreases the level of cariogenic bacteria. CHX applied on the cavity surface of dentine may influence adhesive bond strength. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentine surface after different chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) application protocols. Different CHG application protocols were introduced. A concentration of 0.2% or 2.0% CHG was applied on the etched or unetched dentine surface for 15 or 30 s, then water rinsed or drained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and energy disperse spectrometer (EDS) analysis of the dentine surfaces were performed. The application of 0.2% CHG for 15 s, followed by draining, on either etched or unetched dentine surface effectively removed the smear layer, leaving the surface enriched with CHG deposits. Conclusions: The concentration of CHG and its application time influenced the amount of CHG deposits and the degree of smear layer removal from the dentine surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Leszek Klimek
- Department of Dental Technology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Cieplik F, Steinwachs VS, Muehler D, Hiller KA, Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN, Buchalla W, Maisch T. Phenalen-1-one-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Antimicrobial Efficacy in a Periodontal Biofilm Model and Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Cytoplasmic Membrane Damage. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 29681899 PMCID: PMC5897782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of increasing resistance toward conventional antibiotics and antiseptics, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a valuable alternative, especially for use in dentistry. In this regard, photosensitizers (PS) based on a phenalen-1-one structure seem to be especially favorable due to their high singlet oxygen quantum yield. However, the actual target structures of phenalen-1-one-mediated aPDT are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of aPDT mediated by phenalen-1-one derivatives SAPYR and SAGUA for inactivation of a polymicrobial biofilm consisting of three putative periodontal pathogens in vitro and to get first insights in the mechanism of action of phenalen-1-one-mediated aPDT by assessing damage of cytoplasmic membranes. aPDT with SAPYR exhibited identical antimicrobial efficacy as compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) [4.4-6.1 log10 reduction of colony forming units (CFUs) depending on bacterial species] while aPDT with SAGUA was less effective (2.0-2.8 log10). Flow cytometric analysis combined with propidium iodide (PI) staining revealed no damage of cytoplasmic membranes after aPDT with both phenalen-1-one derivatives, which was confirmed by spectroscopic measurements for release of nucleic acids after treatment. Spectrophotometric PS-uptake measurements showed no uptake of SAPYR by bacterial cells. Despite the inability to pinpoint the actual target of phenalen-1-one-mediated aPDT, this study shows the high antimicrobial potential of phenalen-1-on mediated aPDT (especially when using SAPYR) and represents a first step for getting insights in the mechanism and damage patterns of aPDT with this class of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria-Sophia Steinwachs
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Muehler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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MATOS AB, TREVELIN LT, SILVA BTFD, FRANCISCONI-DOS-RIOS LF, SIRIANI LK, CARDOSO MV. Bonding efficiency and durability: current possibilities. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e57. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Sang Q, Williams GR, Wu H, Liu K, Li H, Zhu LM. Electrospun gelatin/sodium bicarbonate and poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/sodium bicarbonate nanofibers as drug delivery systems. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:359-365. [PMID: 28887984 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report electrospun nanofibers made of model hydrophobic (poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone); PLCL) and hydrophilic (gelatin) polymers. We explored the effect on drug release of the incorporation of sodium bicarbonate (SB) into these fibers, using the potent antibacterial agent ciprofloxacin as a model drug. The fibers prepared are smooth and have relatively uniform diameters lying between ca. 600 and 850nm. The presence of ciprofloxacin in the fibers was confirmed using IR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the drug to be incorporated into the fibers in the amorphous form. In vitro drug release studies revealed that, as expected, more rapid drug release was seen with gelatin fibers than those made of PLCL, and a greater final release percentage was obtained. The inclusion of SB in the gelatin fibers imparts them with pH sensitivity: gelatin/SB fibers showed faster release at pH5 than pH7.4, while fibers without SB gave the same release profiles at both pHs. The PLCL fibers have no pH sensitivity, even when SB was included, as a result of their hydrophobic structure precluding the ingress of solvent. In vitro cell culture studies showed that all the fibers are able to promote cell proliferation. The ciprofloxacin loaded fibers are effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth in antibacterial tests. Thus, the gelatin-based fibers can be used as pH-responsive drug delivery systems, with potential applications for instance in the treatment of tumor resection sites. Should these become infected, the pH would drop, resulting in ciprofloxacin being released and the infection halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Huanling Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Heyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Luo D, Shahid S, Sukhorukov GB, Cattell MJ. Synthesis of novel chlorhexidine spheres with controlled release from a UDMA–HEMA resin using ultrasound. Dent Mater 2017; 33:713-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inagaki LT, Alonso RCB, Araújo GAS, de Souza-Junior EJC, Anibal PC, Höfling JF, Pascon FM, Puppin-Rontani RM. Effect of monomer blend and chlorhexidine-adding on physical, mechanical and biological properties of experimental infiltrants. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e307-e313. [PMID: 28327302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial inhibition zone, degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop hardness (KH) of experimental infiltrants. Experimental low viscosity monomer blends were prepared and chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CHX) (0.1% or 0.2%) was added comprising the groups: G1) TEGDMA; G2) TEGDMA/0.1CHX; G3) TEGDMA/0.2CHX; G4) TEGDMA/UDMA; G5) TEGDMA/UDMA/0.1CHX; G6) TEGDMA/UDMA/0.2CHX; G7) TEGDMA/BISEMA; G8) TEGDMA/BISEMA/0.1CHX; G9) TEGDMA/BISEMA/0.2CHX. Icon® was used as control group. METHODS Specimens of resin blends were made (n=9) to accomplished DC and KH. Pour plate was accomplished to evaluate antimicrobial groups' activity against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Data obtained were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for blends comparisons and Dunnett's test for comparisons between experimental infiltrants and Icon® (p<0.05). RESULTS In relation to antimicrobial effect, uncured blends showed higher antibacterial activity than cured ones for the most of blends. After polymerization, G5 showed the highest inhibition zone against SM and, G3 and G6 against LA. Concerning KH, TEGDMA/UDMA-based blends showed the highest values of KH number and it was influenced by monomeric base, regardless CHX concentration. DC was not affected by monomer blend composition, neither for CHX concentration. The antimicrobial activity was affected by monomeric base, CHX concentration and polymerization. Experimental infiltrants presented similar or higher performance than Icon® for the properties evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE White spot lesion infiltration with low viscosity monomer blends (infiltrants) is an alternative to stop initial caries lesions progression. The incorporation of an antimicrobial agent as chlorhexidine diacetate salt in infiltrants composition could enhance the performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Tiemi Inagaki
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Caroline Bruschi Alonso
- Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Biomaterials Department, Rua Maria Cândida, 1813, Bloco G - 6° andar, São Paulo 02071-013, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Albamonte Spagnolo Araújo
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo José Carvalho de Souza-Junior
- University Center of Várzea Grande, Prosthodontic and Dental Materials Department, Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brazil Av Dom Orlando Chaves, 2655, Bairro Cristo Rei - Varzea Grande, 78118-900, MT, Brazil.
| | - Paula Cristina Anibal
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnostic, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Francisco Höfling
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Oral Diagnostic, Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Miori Pascon
- Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
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Kettel MJ, Heine E, Schaefer K, Moeller M. Chlorhexidine Loaded Cyclodextrin Containing PMMA Nanogels as Antimicrobial Coating and Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27647823 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanogels, aggregates, and films are prepared by complexation of the antiseptic and bacteriostatic agent chlorhexidine (CHX) for medical and dental applications. A series of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin methacrylate (CD-MA) containing hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based nanogels are loaded quantitatively with CHX in aqueous dispersion. The results show that CHX is enhancedly complexed by the use of CD-MA domains in the particles structure. β-CD-MA nanogels present the highest uptake of CHX. Furthermore, it is observed that the uptake of CHX in nanogels is influenced by the hydrophobic PMMA structure. CHX acts as external cross-linker of nanogels by formation of 1:2 (CHX:CD-MA) inclusion complexes of two β-CD-MA units on the surfaces of two different nanogels. The nanogels adsorb easily onto glass surfaces by physical self-bonding and formation of a dense crosslinked nanogel film. Biological tests of the applied CHX nanogels with regard to antimicrobial efficiency are successfully performed against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Kettel
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Heine
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karola Schaefer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. and Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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Zhou W, Ren B, Zhou X, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Li M, Feng M, Li J, Xu X, Cheng L. Novel Cavity Disinfectants Containing Quaternary Ammonium Monomer Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9080674. [PMID: 28773797 PMCID: PMC5510731 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was set to assess the possible benefits of novel cavity disinfectants with 5% dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM); and compare the effectiveness of saliva microbial-aging method with water-aging in measuring the changing of resin-dentin bond strength. Three cavity disinfectants were tested: 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX); 5% DMADDM; and 5% DMADDM + 0.2% CHX. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test was performed after microbial-aging with saliva microbial or water aging for one month. Hydroxyproline (HYP), the production of collagen degradation, was measured spectrophotometrically. Additionally, the antibacterial effects of each reagent were evaluated. The 5% DMADDM exerted the least percentage of resin-dentin bond strength loss after one month microbial-aging (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences of bond strength decrease after one month water aging among the tested groups (p > 0.05). Microbial-aging method yield more drop of bond strength than water aging in all groups except 5% DMADDM (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, 5% DMADDM had the same matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitory effects as the other two agents (p > 0.05), but much stronger antibacterial capability than 0.2% CHX (p < 0.05). This indicated that a cavity disinfectant with 5% DMADDM is promising for improving the stability of resin-dentin bonds in appearance of saliva biofilm; and the saliva microbial-aging method is more promising for studying the durability of resin-dentin bonds than water aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials &Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials &Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Mingye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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Priyadarshini B, Selvan S, Lu T, Xie H, Neo J, Fawzy A. Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1065-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516656135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we are introducing a new drug-delivery approach to demineralized dentin substrates through microsized dentinal tubules in the form of drug-loaded nanocapsules. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used in adhesive dentistry due to its nonspecific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effect and antibacterial activities. Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX were fabricated by interfacial polymer deposition at PCL/CHX ratios of 125:10, 125:25, and 125:50. Unloaded nanocapsules (blank) were fabricated as control. The fabricated nanocapsules were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, surface charges, particle recovery, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Nanocapsule morphology, drug inclusion, structural properties, and crystallinity were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Initial screening of the antibacterial activities and the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules were also conducted. Nanocapsules, as carried on ethanol/water solution, were delivered to demineralized dentin specimens connected to an ex vivo model setup simulating the pulpal pressure to study their infiltration, penetration depth, and retention inside the dentinal tubules by SEM/TEM. Nanocapsules were Ag labeled and delivered to demineralized dentin, followed by the application of a 2-step etch-and-rinse dentin adhesive. CHX-release profiles were characterized in vitro and ex vivo up to 25 d. Spherical nanocapsules were fabricated with a CHX core coated with a thin PCL shell. The blank nanocapsules exhibited the largest z-average diameter with negatively charged ζ-potential. With CHX incorporation, the nanocapsule size was decreased with a positive shift in ζ-potential. Nano-PCL/CHX at 125:50 showed the highest drug loading, antibacterial effect, and CHX release both in vitro and ex vivo. SEM and TEM revealed the deep penetration and retention of the CHX-loaded nanocapsules inside dentinal tubules and their ability to be gradually degraded to release CHX in vitro and ex vivo. Ag-labeled nanocapsules revealed the close association and even distribution of nanocapsules throughout the resin tag structure. This study demonstrated the potential of introducing this novel drug-delivery approach to demineralized dentin substrates and the resin-dentin interface with nanosized CHX-loaded nanocapsules through the microsized dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.M. Priyadarshini
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S.T. Selvan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Innovis, Singapore
| | - T.B. Lu
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Xie
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. Neo
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A.S. Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Evaluation of sorption/solubility, softening, flexural strength and elastic modulus of experimental resin blends with chlorhexidine. J Dent 2016; 49:40-5. [PMID: 27101768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate physical-chemical properties of experimental diacetate chlorhexidine (CHX)-added resin blends. METHODS Blends were formulated: G1)TEGDMA; G2)TEGDMA/0.1%CHX; G3)TEGDMA/0.2%CHX; G4)TEGDMA/UDMA; G5)TEGDMA/UDMA/0.1%CHX; G6)TEGDMA/UDMA/0.2%CHX; G7)TEGDMA/BisEMA, G8)TEGDMA/BisEMA/0.1%CHX; G9)TEGDMA/BisEMA/0.2%CHX. Icon(®) was the control group. For sorption/solubility (SS), cylindrical specimens (n=5) were prepared and their weight obtained. The specimens were immersed in deionized water for 7days at 37°C and their weight was verified again. SS were calculated using accepted formulas. For softening, cylindrical specimens (n=10) were prepared and initial Knoop hardness number (KHN) obtained. The specimens were immersed in absolute ethanol for 24h at 37°C and final KHN accomplished. Softening values were calculated by KHN reduction percentage. For elastic modulus (EM) and flexural strength (FS) bar specimens were prepared (n=10) and values obtained with a universal device (three point, 5mm distance, 0.5mm/min, load of 50N). The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=5%). RESULTS TEGDMA/BisEMA blends and Icon(®) showed the lowest sorption from blends (p>0.05), and Icon(®) was the most soluble material (p<0.01). TEGDMA/UDMA/0.1%CHX showed the highest softening, similar to Icon(®) (p>0.05). For EM, all blends were different than Icon(®) (p<0.01). For FS, TEGDMA blends were similar to Icon(®), showing the lowest averages (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monomers chemical characteristics influenced the physical-chemical properties of experimental blends more than CHX. Between the blends tested, UDMA blends presented satisfactory results for assays evaluated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Infiltrants CHX-added could arrest and reinforce initial caries lesions, and the antimicrobial effect could prevent new lesions in sound enamel adjacent to the infiltrated area.
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Zarella BL, Buzalaf MAR, Kato MT, Hannas AR, Salo T, Tjäderhane L, Prakki A. Cytotoxicity and effect on protease activity of copolymer extracts containing catechin. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 65:66-71. [PMID: 26867224 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cytotoxicity and effect on protease activity of epigallocatechin-gallate extracted from experimental restorative dental copolymers in comparison to the control compound chlorhexidine. METHODS Copolymer disks were prepared from bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70/30 mol%) containing no compound (control) or 1% w/w of either epigallocatechin-gallate or chlorhexidine. MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells were seeded with the copolymer extracts leached out into deionized water. Cell metabolic activity was quantified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 24, 48, 72 h. Inhibition of protease activity by resin extracts was measured by a collagenolytic/genatinolytic enzyme activity assay and gelatin zymography. Data for MTT and protease inhibition were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The MTT revealed that at 72 h, extracts from control (16.7%) and chlorhexidine (22.3%) copolymers induced significant reduction in cell metabolism (p<0.05). All copolymer extracts caused enzymatic inhibition in a dose dependent manner (p<0.01). Even when highly diluted, epigallocatechin-gallate extract had a significant antiproteolytic activity (p<0.05). Zymograms showed that all extracts reduced activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (pro- and active forms), with MMP-9 exhibiting the highest percentage inhibition revealed by densitometry. CONCLUSIONS Epigallocatechin-gallate and chlorhexidine extracts did not exert cytotoxicity on evaluated cells when compared to control extracts. Both compounds retained antiproteolytic activity after extraction from a dental copolymer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Once extracted from a dental copolymer, epigallocatechin-gallate is not cytotoxic and retains antiproteolytic activity. These results may allow incorporation of epigallocatechin-gallate as a natural-safe alternative to chlorhexidine in functionalized restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lara Zarella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Melissa Thiemi Kato
- Department of Dentistry, University of Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP 17011-160, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Reis Hannas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Tuula Salo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1G6, Canada.
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On the stiffness of demineralized dentin matrices. Dent Mater 2015; 32:161-70. [PMID: 26747822 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Resin bonding to dentin requires the use of self-etching primers or acid etching to decalcify the surface and expose a layer of collagen fibrils of the dentin matrix. Acid-etching reduces the stiffness of demineralized dentin from approximately 19 GPa-1 MPa, requiring that it floats in water to prevent it from collapsing during bonding procedures. Several publications show that crosslinking agents like gluteraladehyde, carbodiimide or grape seed extract can stiffen collagen and improve resin-dentin bond strength. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess a new approach for evaluating the changes in stiffness of decalcified dentin by polar solvents and a collagen cross-linker. METHODS Fully demineralized dentin beams and sections of etched coronal dentin were subjected to indentation loading using a cylindrical flat indenter in water, and after treatment with ethanol or ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). The stiffness was measured as a function of strain and as a function of loading rate from 1 to 50 μm/s. RESULTS At a strain of 0.25% the elastic modulus of the fully demineralized dentin was approximately 0.20 MPa. It increased to over 0.90 MPa at strains of 1%. Exposure to ethanol caused an increase in elastic modulus of up to four times. Increasing the loading rate from 1 to 50 μm/s caused an increase in the apparent modulus of up to three times in both water and ethanol. EDC treatment caused increases in the stiffness in fully demineralized samples and in acid-etched demineralized dentin surfaces in situ. SIGNIFICANCE Changes in the mechanical behavior of demineralized collagen matrices can be measured effectively under hydration via indentation with cylindrical flat indenters. This approach can be used for quantifying the effects of bonding treatments on the properties of decalcified dentin after acid etching, as well as to follow the loss of stiffness over time due to enzymatic degradation.
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Deng S, Chung KH, Chan D, Spiekerman C. Evaluation of Bond Strength and Microleakage of a Novel Metal-titanate Antibacterial Agent. Oper Dent 2015; 41:E48-56. [PMID: 26652018 DOI: 10.2341/14-257-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect on both bond strength and microleakage of incorporation of a novel antibacterial nanoparticulate metal-titanate complex (nMT) into a dental adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty extracted human molars were prepared to determine whether incorporation of nMT into bonding agents can affect shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive strength fatigue. SBS was measured with a universal testing machine, and the peak force at failure was recorded. An electromechanical fatigue machine was used for cyclic loading treatment of specimens. Differences in the SBS values among groups were identified using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analyses (α=0.05). Twenty standard Class V cavities were restored to examine microleakage when the primer/bonding resin was modified with 10 wt% nMT. Microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins was calculated as a percentage of the full length of the cavity. Results of the microleakage experiment were analyzed with paired and independent sample t-tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The mean (± standard deviation) shear bond strength values of before fatigue and after fatigue ranged from 21.9 (2.5) MPa to 23.9 (3.8) MPa and from 17.1 (2.5) MPa to 17.7 (2.5) MPa respectively. No statistically significant differences in failure force were observed among groups (p=0.70). Microleakage under all conditions was significantly greater in the dentin margins than in the enamel margins (p<0.05). There was no evidence that microleakage differed between the experimental groups with modified primer and bonding resin. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating nMT into a dental adhesive system will not compromise the resin composite's tooth bonding and sealing ability.
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da Silva EM, de Sá Rodrigues CUF, de Oliveira Matos MP, de Carvalho TR, dos Santos GB, Amaral CM. Experimental etch-and-rinse adhesive systems containing MMP-inhibitors: Physicochemical characterization and resin-dentin bonding stability. J Dent 2015; 43:1491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abu Nawareg M, Elkassas D, Zidan A, Abuelenain D, Abu Haimed T, Hassan AH, Chiba A, Bock T, Agee K, Pashley DH. Is chlorhexidine-methacrylate as effective as chlorhexidine digluconate in preserving resin dentin interfaces? J Dent 2015; 45:7-13. [PMID: 26593780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of 2% CHX and 2% CHX-methacrylate compared to the resin-dentin bonds created by a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system after 24h, 6min and 12min. METHODS Microtensile bond strengths and interfacial nanoleakage within resin-dentin interfaces created by Adper Single Bond 2, with or without CHX or CHX-methacrylate pre-treatment for 30s on acid-etched dentin surfaces, were evaluated after 24h, 6min and 12min of storage in distilled water at 37°C. RESULTS Twelve months of storage resulted in a significant decrease in microtensile bond strength in the control group, and significant increases in silver nanoleakage. In contrast, Single Bond 2+CHX, and to a greater extent CHX-methacrylate, significantly reduced the rate of deterioration of resin-dentin interfaces over the 12min water storage period, in terms of bond strength. CONCLUSIONS Similar to Single Bond 2+CHX, Single Bond+CHX-methacrylates reduced the degradation of resin-bonded interfaces over a 12 month storage period. Thus it can be concluded that Single Bond 2+CHX-methacrylate may be important to improve durability of bonded interfaces and therefore, prolong the life span of adhesive restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although CHX primers have been shown to enhance the durability of etch-and-rinse adhesives, that protection is lost after 2h. The use of CHX-methacrylate should last much longer since it may copolymerize with adhesive monomers, unlike CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Abu Nawareg
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina Elkassas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zidan
- Dental Biomaterials Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt
| | - Dalia Abuelenain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abu Haimed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayaka Chiba
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thorsten Bock
- R&D Adhesives, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, FL9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Kelli Agee
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David H Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Llorens E, Calderón S, del Valle LJ, Puiggalí J. Polybiguanide (PHMB) loaded in PLA scaffolds displaying high hydrophobic, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 50:74-84. [PMID: 25746248 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), a low molecular weight polymer related to chlorohexidine (CHX), is a well-known antibacterial agent. In this study, polylactide (PLA) nanofibers loaded with PHMB were produced by electrospinning to obtain 3D biodegradable scaffolds with antibacterial properties. PLA fibers loaded with CHX were used as control. The electrospun fibers were studied and analyzed by SEM, FTIR, DSC and contact angle measurements. PHMB and CHX release from loaded scaffolds was evaluated, as well as their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. The results showed that the nanofibers became smoother and their diameter smaller with increasing the amount of loaded PHMB. This feature led to an increase of both surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the scaffold. PHMB release was highly dependent on the hydrophilicity of the medium and differed from that determined for CHX. Lastly, PHMB-loaded PLA scaffolds showed antibacterial properties since they inhibited adhesion and bacterial growth, and exhibited biocompatible characteristics for the adhesion and proliferation of both fibroblast and epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Llorens
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Calderón
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Luis J del Valle
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain; Center for Research in Nano-Engineering (CrNE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici C, C/Pasqual i Vila s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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Beigi Burujeny S, Atai M, Yeganeh H. Assessments of antibacterial and physico-mechanical properties for dental materials with chemically anchored quaternary ammonium moieties: thiol-ene-methacrylate vs. conventional methacrylate system. Dent Mater 2015; 31:244-61. [PMID: 25605414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fabrication of low shrinkage stress and strain dental resins containing highly available immobilized bactericidal moieties has been reported. The goal of this study is producing dental restorative materials with long-last antibacterial activity and reduced secondary caries. It is anticipated that antibacterial properties of quaternary ammonium moieties chemically immobilized in the backbone of dental resins is directly depended on accessibility of these functions. In the present study the antibacterial effect of a series of antibacterial monomers polymerized in a ternary thiol-ene-methacrylate system were compared with corresponding classical methacrylate system against Streptococcus mutans (an oral bacteria Strain). Physical and mechanical properties of dental materials obtained from these two systems were also evaluated and compared. METHODS The viscosities of the resin matrixes were measured on a MCR 300 rheometer. Degree of conversion (DC%) of monomers was measured using FTIR spectroscopy. The shrinkage-strain of photocured resins was measured using the bonded-disk technique. A universal testing machine combined with a stress measurement device was utilized to measure the polymerization-induced shrinkage stress. Viscoelastic properties of the samples were also determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Assessment of antibacterial properties was performed through agar diffusion test (AD) to confirm non-release behavior of chemically anchored moieties. Quantitative assay of antibacterial activity was evaluated through direct contact test (DCT) against S. mutans. Direct contact cytotoxicity assay with fibroblast cell line L-929 was also performed to find more insight regarding cytotoxicity of the antibacterial matrixes. The data were analyzed and compared by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (significance level=0.05). RESULTS Neat methacrylate systems had significantly higher viscosity than thiol-ene-methacrylate analogous. The degree of conversion of methacrylate moieties in thiol-ene-methacrylate system was improved in comparison to conventional methacrylate system. Shrinkage stress and strain of thiol-ene-methacrylate system was lower than the neat methacrylate system. The thiol-ene-methacrylate systems show increased homogeneity and decreased glass transition temperature (Tg) and crosslink density (νc) in comparison to the neat methacrylate-based resins. The incorporated monofuctional quaternized monomer reduces degree of conversion, shrinkage stress and crosslink density of matrix. The results showed significant improvement in antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of dental materials obtained from thiol-ene polymerization system. SIGNIFICANCE It was shown that with proper control of monomers molar ratio, significant improvement in antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility as well as acceptable mechanical properties can be attained for dental resins prepared through the application of thiol-ene polymerization methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Beigi Burujeny
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965-115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Mohammad Atai
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965-115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Hamid Yeganeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, PO Box 14965-115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran.
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Abstract
In dentin bonding, contemporary dental adhesive systems rely on formation of the hybrid layer, a biocomposite containing dentin collagen and polymerized resin adhesive. They are usually able to create at least reasonable integrity of the hybrid layer with high immediate bond strength. However, loss of dentin-bonded interface integrity and bond strength is commonly seen after aging both in vitro and in vivo. This is due to endogenous collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases, and cysteine cathepsins, responsible for the time-dependent loss of hybrid layer collagen. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of adhesive systems creates problems that lead to suboptimal hybrid layers. These problems include, for example, insufficient resin impregnation of dentin, phase separation, and a low rate of polymerization, all of which may reduce the longevity of the bonded interface. Preservation of the collagen matrix integrity by inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is key to improving dentin bonding durability. Several approaches to retain the integrity of the hybrid layer and to improve the long-term dentin bond strength have been tested. These include the use of enzyme inhibitors, either separately or as incorporated into the adhesive resins; increase of collagen resistance to enzymatic degradation; and elimination of water from the interface to slow down or eliminate hydrolytic loss of the hybrid layer components. This review looks at the principles, current status, and future of the different techniques designed to prevent the loss of hybrid layer and bond strength.
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Araújo M, Souza L, Apolonio FM, Barros LO, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Saboia V. Two-year clinical evaluation of chlorhexidine incorporation in two-step self-etch adhesive. J Dent 2015; 43:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Sabatini C, Pashley DH. Mechanisms regulating the degradation of dentin matrices by endogenous dentin proteases and their role in dental adhesion. A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 2014; 27:203-214. [PMID: 25831604 PMCID: PMC4412266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review provides an overview of the different mechanisms proposed to regulate the degradation of dentin matrices by host-derived dentin proteases, particularly as it relates to their role in dental adhesion. Significant developments have taken place over the last few years that have contributed to a better understanding of all the factors affecting the durability of adhesive resin restorations. The complexity of dentin-resin interfaces mandates a thorough understanding of all the mechanical, physical and biochemical aspects that play a role in the formation of hybrid layers. The ionic and hydrophilic nature of current dental adhesives yields permeable, unstable hybrid layers susceptible to water sorption, hydrolytic degradation and resin leaching. The hydrolytic activity of host-derived proteases also contributes to the degradation of the resin-dentin bonds. Preservation of the collagen matrix is critical to the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability. Approaches to regulate collagenolytic activity of dentin proteases have been the subject of extensive research in the last few years. A shift has occurred from the use of proteases inhibitors to the use of collagen cross-linking agents. Data provided by 51 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1999 and December 2013 were compiled in this systematic review. RESULTS Appraisal of the data provided by the studies included in the present review yielded a summary of the mechanisms which have already proven to be clinically successful and those which need further investigation before new clinical protocols can be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Sabatini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David H. Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Bertolini MM, Portela MB, Curvelo JAR, Soares RMA, Lourenço EJV, Telles DM. Resins-based denture soft lining materials modified by chlorhexidine salt incorporation: an in vitro analysis of antifungal activity, drug release and hardness. Dent Mater 2014; 30:793-8. [PMID: 24933229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro growth inhibition of Candida albicans, the rate of chlorhexidine release and shore A hardness from resins-based denture soft lining materials modified by chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA) or chlorhexidine hydrochloride (CHC) incorporation. METHODS Resin discs were prepared from soft denture liners based on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% of CDA or CHC. For antifungal activity resin discs were placed on agar plates inoculated with C. albicans, after 48 h at 37°C the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. For the chlorhexidine release, discs were immersed into distilled water at 37°C, and spectral measurements were made after 48 h. Shore A hardness was evaluated at the baseline, 2 and 7 days, using 6mm thick rectangular specimens also immersed into distilled water at 37°C. Data were statistically processed by SigmaStat software using ANOVA and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures was done using the Holm-Sidak method, with α=0.05 (p<0.001). RESULTS CDA added to PMMA soft liner and PEMA soft liner had a dose-related inhibitory effect on C. albicans and on chlorhexidine release rate (p<0.001). The PMMA and PEMA hardness increased statistically by time but not for the different CDA concentrations. CHC had no inhibitory effect on C. albicans. SIGNIFICANCE Chlorhexidine diacetate released from resins-based soft lining materials can be convenient to reduce the biofilm development on the material surface and treat denture stomatitis, without depending on patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinna M Bertolini
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maristela B Portela
- Department of Clinics, Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre R Curvelo
- Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosangela M A Soares
- Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J V Lourenço
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Telles
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Manso AP, Grande RHM, Bedran-Russo AK, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Pashley DH, Carvalho RM. Can 1% chlorhexidine diacetate and ethanol stabilize resin-dentin bonds? Dent Mater 2014; 30:735-41. [PMID: 24815823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of the combined use of chlorhexidine and ethanol on the durability of resin-dentin bonds. METHODS Forty-eight flat dentin surfaces were etched (32% phosphoric acid), rinsed (15 s) and kept wet until bonding procedures. Dentin surfaces were blot-dried with absorbent paper and re-wetted with water (water, control), 1% chlorhexidine diacetate in water (CHD/water), 100% ethanol (ethanol), or 1% chlorhexidine diacetate in ethanol (CHD/ethanol) solutions for 30 s. They were then bonded with All Bond 3 (AB3, Bisco) or Excite (EX, Ivoclar-Vivadent) using a smooth, continuous rubbing application (10 s), followed by 15 s gentle air stream to evaporate solvents. The adhesives were light-cured (20 s) and resin composite build-ups constructed for the microtensile method. Bonded beams were obtained and tested after 24-h, 6-months and 15-months of water storage at 37°C. Storage water was changed every month. Effects of treatment and testing periods were analyzed (ANOVA, Holm-Sidak, p<0.05) for each adhesive. RESULTS There were no interactions between factors for both etch-and-rinse adhesives. AB3 was significantly affected only by storage (p=0.003). Excite was significantly affected only by treatments (p=0.048). AB3 treated either with ethanol or CHD/ethanol resulted in reduced bond strengths after 15 months. The use of CHD/ethanol resulted in higher bond strengths values for Excite. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of ethanol/1% chlorhexidine diacetate did not stabilize bond strengths after 15 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials and Biochemistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa Helena Miranda Grande
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials and Biochemistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Bedran-Russo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandra Reis
- University of Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- University of Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - David Henry Pashley
- Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ricardo Marins Carvalho
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Stanislawczuk R, Reis A, Malaquias P, Pereira F, Farago PV, Meier MM, Loguercio AD. Mechanical properties and modeling of drug release from chlorhexidine-containing etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dent Mater 2014; 30:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Paradiso P, Galante R, Santos L, Alves de Matos AP, Colaço R, Serro AP, Saramago B. Comparison of two hydrogel formulations for drug release in ophthalmic lenses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1170-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Paradiso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - R. Galante
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - L. Santos
- Instituto de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais e Superfícies, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - A. P. Alves de Matos
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM/FCUL)-Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande Lisboa Portugal
| | - R. Colaço
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - A. P. Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- CiiEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz; Campus Universitário; Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica 2829-511 Caparica Portugal
| | - B. Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Stanislawczuk R, Pereira F, Muñoz MA, Luque I, Farago PV, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effects of chlorhexidine-containing adhesives on the durability of resin–dentine interfaces. J Dent 2014; 42:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Mankovskaia A, Lévesque CM, Prakki A. Catechin-incorporated dental copolymers inhibit growth of Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:203-7. [PMID: 23739855 PMCID: PMC3881876 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To test the inhibitory growth activity of green tea catechin incorporated into dental resins compared to resins containing the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Material and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCg) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were determined according to the microdilution method. Resin discs (5 mm x 3 mm) were prepared from Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (R1) and Bis-GMA/CH3Bis-GMA (R2) comonomers (n=9) containing: a) no drug, b) EGCg, c) CHX. Two concentrations of each drug (0.5x MIC and 1x MIC) were incorporated into the resin discs. Samples were individually immersed in a bacterial culture and incubated for 24 h at 37º C under constant agitation. Cell viability was assessed by counting the number of colonies on replica agar plates. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Student t-tests (α=0.05). Results: Both resins containing EGCg and CHX showed a significant inhibition of bacterial growth at both concentrations tested (p<0.05). A significantly higher inhibition was observed in response to resins containing CHX at 0.5x MIC and 1x MIC, and EGCg at 1x MIC when compared to EGCg at 0.5x MIC. Also, EGCg at 0.5x MIC in R1 had a significantly higher growth inhibition than in R2. Conclusions: Both EGCg and CHX retained their antibacterial activity when incorporated into the resin matrix. EGCg at 1x MIC in R1 and R2 resins significantly reduced S. mutans survival at a level similar to CHX. The data generated from this study will provide advances in the field of bioactive dental materials with the potential of improving the lifespan of resin-based restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mankovskaia
- Human Biology Department, College of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer-A review. Dent Mater 2013; 29:999-1011. [PMID: 23953737 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous dentin collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins, are responsible for the time-dependent hydrolysis of collagen matrix of hybrid layers. As collagen matrix integrity is essential for the preservation of long-term dentin bond strength, inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is necessary for durable resin-bonded restorations. METHODS Several tentative approaches to prevent enzyme function have been proposed. Some of them have already demonstrated clinical efficacy, while others need to be researched further before clinical protocols can be proposed. This review will examine both the principles and outcomes of techniques to prevent collagen hydrolysis in dentin-resin interfaces. RESULTS Chlorhexidine, a general inhibitor of MMPs and cysteine cathepsins, is the most tested method. In general, these experiments have shown that enzyme inhibition is a promising approach to improve hybrid layer preservation and bond strength durability. Other enzyme inhibitors, e.g. enzyme-inhibiting monomers, may be considered promising alternatives that would allow more simple clinical application than chlorhexidine. Cross-linking collagen and/or dentin matrix-bound enzymes could render hybrid layer organic matrices resistant to degradation. Alternatively, complete removal of water from the hybrid layer with ethanol wet bonding or biomimetic remineralization should eliminate hydrolysis of both collagen and resin components. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the function of the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of hybrid layer collagen has prompted several innovative approaches to retain hybrid layer integrity and strong dentin bonding. The ultimate goal, prevention of collagen matrix degradation with clinically applicable techniques and commercially available materials may be achievable in several ways.
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Cai Y, Strømme M, Melhus A, Engqvist H, Welch K. Photocatalytic inactivation of biofilms on bioactive dental adhesives. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:62-7. [PMID: 23847027 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are the most prevalent mode of microbial life in nature and are 10-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria. Persistent biofilm growth associated at the margin of a dental restoration often leads to secondary caries, which remains a challenge in restorative dentistry. In this work, we present the first in vitro evaluation of on-demand photocatalytic inactivation of biofilm on a novel dental adhesive containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Streptococcus mutans biofilm was cultured on this photocatalytic surface for 16 h before photocatalytic treatment with ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light. UV-A doses ranging from 3 to 43 J/cm(2) were applied to the surface and the resulting viability of biofilms was evaluated with a metabolic activity assay incorporating phenol red that provided a quantitative measure of the reduction in viability due to the photocatalytic treatments. We show that an UV-A irradiation dose of 8.4 J/cm(2) leads to one order of magnitude reduction in the number of biofilm bacteria on the surface of the dental adhesives while as much as 5-6 orders of magnitude reduction in the corresponding number can be achieved with a dose of 43 J/cm(2). This material maintains its functional properties as an adhesive in restorative dentistry while offering the possibility of a novel dental procedure in the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections via on-demand UV-A irradiation. Similar materials could be developed for the treatment of additional indications such as peri-implantits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Cai
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Reis A, Carrilho M, Breschi L, Loguercio AD. Overview of Clinical Alternatives to Minimize the Degradation of the Resin-dentin Bonds. Oper Dent 2013; 38:E1-E25. [DOI: 10.2341/12-258-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - M Carrilho
- Marcela Rocha Carrilho, DDS, PhD, professor, GEO/Bandeirante University of São Paulo and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, University of Trieste, Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Trieste, Italy
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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