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Lee MY, Yoon HW, Kim SI, Kwon JS, Shin SJ. Implementing microfluidic flow device model in utilizing dural substitutes as pulp capping materials for vital pulp therapy. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045027. [PMID: 39116895 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6cf8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) has gained prominence with the increasing trends towards conservative dental treatment with specific indications for preserving tooth vitality by selectively removing the inflamed tissue instead of the entire dental pulp. Although VPT has shown high success rates in long-term follow-up, adverse effects have been reported due to the calcification of tooth canals by mineral trioxide aggregates (MTAs), which are commonly used in VPT. Canal calcification poses challenges for accessing instruments during retreatment procedures. To address this issue, this study evaluated the mechanical properties of dural substitute intended to alleviate intra-pulp pressure caused by inflammation, along with assessing the biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), both of which play crucial roles in dental pulp. The study examined the application of dural substitutes as pulp capping materials, replacing MTA. This assessment was conducted using a microfluidic flow device model that replicated the blood flow environment within the dental pulp. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were employed to ensure that the fluid flow velocity within the microfluidic flow device matched the actual blood flow velocity within the dental pulp. Furthermore, the dural substitutes (Biodesign; BD and Neuro-Patch; NP) exhibited resistance to penetration by 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HEMA) released from the upper restorative materials and bonding agents. Finally, while MTA increased the expression of angiogenesis-related and hard tissue-related genes in HUVEC and hDPSCS, respectively, BD and NP did not alter gene expression and preserved the original characteristics of both cell types. Hence, dural substitutes have emerged as promising alternatives for VPT owing to their resistance to HEMA penetration and the maintenance of stemness. Moreover, the microfluidic flow device model closely replicated the cellular responses observed in live pulp chambers, thereby indicating its potential use as anin vivotesting platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yong Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Won Yoon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jiang ES, Moon W, Lim BS, Chang J, Chung SH. Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production induced by different co-monomer eluted from nanohybrid dental composites. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36717844 PMCID: PMC9887763 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety issues for dental restorative composites are critical to material selection, but, limited information is available to dental practitioners. This study aimed to compare the chemical and biological characteristics of three nanohybrid dental composites by assessing filler particle analysis, monomer degree of conversion (DC), the composition of eluates, and cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts. METHODS Three nanohybrid composites (TN, Tetric N-Ceram; CX, Ceram X Sphere Tec One; and DN, DenFil NX) were used. The size distribution and morphology of the filler particles were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (n = 5). The DC was measured via micro-Raman spectroscopy (n = 5). For the component analysis, methanol eluates from the light-polymerised composites were evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (n = 3). The eluates were prepared from the polymerised composites after 24 h in a cell culture medium. A live/dead assay (n = 9) and Water-Soluble Tetrazolium-1 assay (n = 9) were performed and compared with negative and positive controls. The ROS in composites were compared with NC. Statistical significance in differences was assessed using a t-test and ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS Morphological variations in different-sized fillers were observed in the composites. The DC values were not significantly different among the composites. The amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were higher in TN than DN (p = 0.0022) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in CX was higher than in others (p < 0.0001). The lowest cell viability was shown in CX (p < 0.0001) and the highest ROS formation was detected in TN (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Three nanohybrid dental composites exhibited various compositions of filler sizes and resin components, resulting in different levels of cytotoxicity and ROS production. Chemical compositions of dental composites can be considered with their biological impact on safety issues in the intraoral use of dental restorative composites. CX with the highest TEGDMA showed the highest cytotoxicity induced by ROS accumulation. DN with lower TEGDMA and HEMA presented the highest cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Shi Jiang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.459480.40000 0004 1758 0638Department of Stomatology, Yanbian University and Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000 China
| | - Wonjoon Moon
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Bum-Soon Lim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhea Chang
- National Dental Care Center for Persons With Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Dental resin monomers induce early and potent oxidative damage on human odontoblast-like cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109336. [PMID: 33248029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental materials consist of filler particles and different monomers that are light cured in situ to re-establish dental function and aesthetics. Due to the degree of conversion of adhesive polymers, the monomers triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are released in relatively high amounts and are susceptible to degradation, acting as bioactive compounds and affecting cell and tissues. This study aimed to assess the effect of HEMA and TEGDMA exposure on metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and cell survival of human odontoblast-like cell (hOLCs). Exposure to resin monomers for 24 h induced major changes in cell membrane integrity, metabolic activity, and survival, which were measured by the calcein method and lactate dehydrogenase release. Increased and early reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed leading to degradative oxidation of membrane lipids identified as malondialdehyde production. Severe alteration in mitochondria occurred due to transmembrane mitochondrial potential collapse, possibly inducing activation of apoptotic cell death. hOLCs exposure to resin monomers modified the cell redox potential, with consequences on membrane permeability and integrity, including mitochondrial function. Lipid peroxidation appears to be a key phenomenon for the membrane structures oxidation after HEMA and TEGDMA exposure, leading to cell death and cytotoxicity. hOLCs respond early by differential induction of adaptive mechanisms to maintain cell homeostasis. Modulation of oxidative stress-induced response involves the regulation of genes that encode for antioxidant proteins such as catalase and heme oxygenase-1; regulation that functions as a critical protection mechanism against oxidative cell damage induced by HEMA and TEGDMA. Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant substance mitigates the oxidative damage associated with exposure to monomers.
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Perduns R, Volk J, Schertl P, Leyhausen G, Geurtsen W. HEMA modulates the transcription of genes related to oxidative defense, inflammatory response and organization of the ECM in human oral cells. Dent Mater 2019; 35:501-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim IS, Park HC, Quan H, Kim Y, Wu L, Yang HC. Effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate on macrophage polarization. Int Endod J 2019; 52:987-998. [PMID: 30703248 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of hydrophilic dental resin monomers, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), on the polarization of a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). METHODOLOGY THP-1 cells were treated with resin monomers at noncytotoxic concentrations for 48 h and were analysed for CD86 and CD206 expressions using flow cytometry. The cells were stimulated for polarization in the presence of resin monomers (co-treatment) or after treatment with monomers (pre-treatment). CD86 and CD206 mRNA in co-treated cells was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The release of TNF-α and TGF-β by pre-treated and co-treated cells was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological changes of macrophages during polarization were observed using bright-field microscopy. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS TEGDMA (1 mmol L-1 ) and HEMA (2 mmol L-1 ) did not induce CD86 and CD206 expressions in THP-1 cells but rather inhibited their expressions in the co-treated cells. The inhibitory effects also appeared at the transcription level. However, the expression of surface markers was not affected by pre-treatment with resin monomers. The release of TNF-α and TGF-β by M1- and M2-stimulated cells, respectively, was suppressed by co-treatment (P < 0.05). Microscopic studies revealed that co-treatment with resin monomers suppressed polarization-associated morphological changes such as cell volume increase. CONCLUSIONS TEGDMA and HEMA inhibited macrophage polarization to both M1 and M2 at the transcription level, and the inhibitory effects disappeared upon the removal of resin monomers from the cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-S Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H C Park
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Quan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - L Wu
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-C Yang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cinnamates, Acrylates and Methacrylates Against RAW264.7 Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1309-1322. [PMID: 30348683 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to various systemic age-related conditions. It is known that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as dietary cinnamates (β-phenyl acrylates) and related (meth)acrylates can have various positive and negative health effects, including cytotoxicity, allergic activity, pro-and anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without a phenolic group in the context of periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, we investigated the cytotoxicity and up-regulatory/down-regulatory effect of three trans-cinnamates (trans-cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamaldehyde), two acrylates (ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), and three methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) using RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and mRNA expression was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of expression of mRNAs for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1). RESULTS The most cytotoxic compound was 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, followed by ethyl acrylate and cinnamaldehyde (50% lethal cytotoxic concentration, LC50=0.2-0.5 mM). Cox2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by cinnamaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, particularly by the former. In contrast, the up-regulatory effect on Nos2 mRNA expression was in the order: cinnamaldehyde >> ethyl acrylate ≈ triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate >> methyl methacrylate ≈ methyl cinnamate. On the other hand, cinnamic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate had no effect on gene expression. The two acrylates, but not cinnamates and methacrylates, up-regulated the expression of Ho1 mRNA at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 0.1 mM. Expression of Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa mRNAs induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was greatly suppressed by cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and the two acrylates at 0.1 mM (p<0.05), and slightly, but significantly suppressed by cinnamic acid and methacrylates at 0.1-1 mM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde and acrylates exhibited both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, possibly due to their marked ability to act as Michael reaction acceptors, as estimated from the beta-carbon 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Methyl cinnamate exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with less cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory activity, suggesting that this compound may be useful for treatment of periodontal disease and related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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Peng M, Qiang L, Xu Y, Li C, Li T, Wang J. Modification of Cysteine 179 in IKKβ by Ursolic Acid Inhibits Titanium-Wear-Particle-Induced Inflammation, Osteoclastogenesis, and Hydroxylapatite Resorption. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5244-5251. [PMID: 30265541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening of artificial joints mainly accounts for the failure of arthroplasty. We previously reported that ursolic acid (UA) inhibited osteolysis caused by titanium (Ti) wear particles via suppression of NF-kB signaling. In the present study, that the suppressive effect of UA on Ti-particle-induced inflammation and osteoclastogenesis targets on IKKβ cys-179 was demonstrated. A retrovirus packaged IKKβC179A plasmid with a Cys-179 mutation replaced by Ala was constructed. qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the gene expressions. Secreted inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Formation and function of osteoclastogenesis were evaluated by TRAP stain and hydroxylapatite resorption assays. As a result, a mutation of IKKβC179A rescued the therapeutic effect of UA on Ti-particle-induced inflammation, including morphological transforms, upregulation of iNOS and COX-2, increased secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased secretion of IL-10. Meanwhile, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and hydroxylapatite resorptions were restored by transfection of IKKβC179A. Phosphorylations of p65 and the IKKα/β complex and translocation of p65 into the nucleus were suppressed by UA but rescued by a mutation of IKKβC179A. Conclusively, UA inhibits Ti-wear-particle-induced inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and hydroxylapatite resorption via modifying cysteine 179 of IKKβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Southwest Jiaotong University College Of Medicine , No.111, North Section, Second Ring Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Southwest Jiaotong University College Of Medicine , No.111, North Section, Second Ring Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , P.R. China
| | - Cuidi Li
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1804 Huashan Road , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , China
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Moreira AG, Cuevas-Suárez CE, da Rosa WLDO, Ogliari AO, Petzhold CL, Piva E, Ogliari FA, Lima GDS. Piperonyl methacrylate: Copolymerizable coinitiator for adhesive compositions. J Dent 2018; 79:31-38. [PMID: 30248382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study describes the synthesis of piperonyl methacrylate (PipM) and evaluates its effect when used as coinitiator in the photoinitiated radical polymerization of experimental adhesive resins. METHODS PipM was synthetized through an esterification reaction and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Adhesive resins containing camphorquinone as photoinitiator and PipM or ethyl-4-dimethyl amine benzoate (EDAB) as coinitiators were formulated. Scotchbond Multipurpose (SBMP) adhesive was used as commercial reference. All materials were analyzed for polymerization kinetics, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption/solubility, shear bond strength to bovine enamel and dentin, characterization of hybrid layer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbiological direct contact test, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The adhesive with PipM presented higher degree of conversion and lower sorption/solubility when compared with other groups. Shear bond strength to enamel and dentin were similar for PipM and EDAB materials. The percentage of cellular viability was close to 100% and similar in the experimental groups and the commercial reference. CONCLUSIONS PipM presented similar or superior performance to the tertiary amine used as control, representing a potential alternative coinitiator for photopolymerizable dental materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE PipM could be potentially useful in the formulations of adhesive systems with enhanced chemical properties, which could mean improvement in the longevity of composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, HGO, Mexico
| | | | - Aline Oliveira Ogliari
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar Liberato Petzhold
- Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aulo Ogliari
- Center for Technological Development, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Giana da Silveira Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Kwak DH, Seo YN, Lee JH, Park SJ, Cho YH, Kim JS, Kim SU, Choo YK. GM1 Induced the inflammatory response related to the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 pathway in co-culture of pig mesenchymal stem cells with RAW264.7. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:157-164. [PMID: 30460093 PMCID: PMC6138341 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1453546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig-human xenotransplantation can trigger cell-mediated immune responses. We explored the role of gangliosides in inflammation related to immune rejection in xenotransplantation. Co-culture of xenogeneic cells (pig-MSCs and RAW264.7) was used to emulate xenotransplantation conditions. MTT assay results indicated that cell viability was significantly decreased in pADMSCs co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. GM1 and GM3 were highly expressed in pADMSCs co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. pADMSCs co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells strongly expressed pro-inflammatory proteins such as COX-2, iNOS, p50, p65, pIκBα, and TNF-α. GM1-knockdown pADMSCs co-cultured with RAW 264.7 cells did not show significantly altered cell viability, but pro-inflammatory proteins were markedly inhibited. Co-culture of pADMSCs with RAW264.7 cells induced significant phosphorylation (p) of JNK1/2 and pERK1/2. However, pERK1/2 and pJNK1/2 were decreased and MEK1/2 and Raf1 were suppressed in GM1-knockdown pADMSCs co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. Thus, the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways were significantly upregulated in response to increases of GM1 in co-cultured xenogeneic cells. However, the inflammatory response was suppressed in co-culture of GM1-knockdown pADMSCs with RAW264.7 cells via down-regulation of the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways. Therefore, the ganglioside GM1 appears to play a major role in the inflammatory response in xenotransplantation via the Raf-1/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Kwak
- Institute of Glycosciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Aribio, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - You Na Seo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biotechnology, Medical Engineering College, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Glycosciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Inamitsu H, Okamoto K, Sakai E, Nishishita K, Murata H, Tsukuba T. The dental resin monomers HEMA and TEGDMA have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation with low cytotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:817-824. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inamitsu
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nishishita
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
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Kim EC, Park H, Lee SI, Kim SY. Effect of the Acidic Dental Resin Monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate on Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:340-9. [PMID: 25847254 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is frequently used as an acidic resin monomer in dental adhesives, its effect on dental pulp cells (DPCs) has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10-MDP on the inflammatory response and odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs at minimally toxic concentrations. We found that 10-MDP caused the release of inflammatory cytokines including NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 10-MDP reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization nodule formation and mRNA expression of odontoblastic differentiation markers such as dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein-1, osterix and Runx2 in a concentration-dependent manner with low toxicity. In addition, 10-MDP induced activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target gene, haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We evaluated whether the effect of 10-MDP was related to the induction of HO-1 and found that treatment with a selective inhibitor of HO-1 reversed the production of 10-MDP-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of differentiation markers. Pre-treatment with either a GSH synthesis inhibitor or antioxidants blocked 10-MDP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Taken together, the results of this study showed that minimally toxic concentrations of 10-MDP promoted an inflammatory response and suppressed odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs by activating Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction through MAPK and NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haejin Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ginsenoside Rg5 improves cognitive dysfunction and beta-amyloid deposition in STZ-induced memory impaired rats via attenuating neuroinflammatory responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:317-26. [PMID: 24503167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory responses play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5), an abundant natural compound in Panax ginseng, has been found to be beneficial in treating AD. In the present study, we demonstrated that Rg5 improved cognitive dysfunction and attenuated neuroinflammatory responses in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impaired rats. Cognitive deficits were ameliorated with Rg5 (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) treatment in a dose-dependent manner together with decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05) in brains of STZ rats. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also significantly reduced by Rg5 whereas choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was remarkably increased in the cortex and hippocampus of STZ-induced AD rats (P<0.05). In addition, Congo red and immunohistochemistry staining results showed that Rg5 alleviated Aβ deposition but enhanced the expressions of insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (P<0.05). Western blot analysis also demonstrated that Rg5 increased remarkably BDNF and IGF-1 expressions whereas decreased significantly Aβ deposits (P<0.05). Furthermore, it was observed that the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly up-regulated in STZ-induced AD rats and down-regulated strongly (P<0.05) by Rg5 compared with control rats. These data demonstrated that STZ-induced learning and memory impairments in rats could be improved by Rg5, which was associated with attenuating neuroinflammatory responses. Our findings suggested that Rg5 could be a beneficial agent for the treatment of AD.
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Chang HH, Chang MC, Wang HH, Huang GF, Lee YL, Wang YL, Chan CP, Yeung SY, Tseng SK, Jeng JH. Urethane dimethacrylate induces cytotoxicity and regulates cyclooxygenase-2, hemeoxygenase and carboxylesterase expression in human dental pulp cells. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:722-31. [PMID: 24140606 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), a major dental resin monomer, on human dental pulp is not fully clear. In this study, we investigated the influence of UDMA on the cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and related gene expression of dental pulp cells. The role of reactive oxygen species, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and carboxylesterase (CES) in UDMA cytotoxicity, was evaluated. UDMA induced morphological changes of pulp cells and decreased cell viability by 29-49% at concentrations of 0.1-0.35 mM. UDMA induced G0/G1, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The expression of cdc2, cyclinB1 and cdc25C was inhibited by UDMA. Moreover, UDMA stimulated COX-2, HO-1 and CES2 mRNA expression of pulp cells. The cytotoxicity of UDMA was attenuated by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, catalase and esterase, but was enhanced by Zn-protoporphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor), BNPP (CES inhibitor) and loperamide (CES2 inhibitor). Exposure of UDMA may potentially induce the inflammation and toxicity of dental pulp. These findings are important for understanding the clinical response of human pulp to resin monomers after operative restoration and pulp capping, and also provide clues for improvement of dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guay-Fen Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Ling Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shuei-Kuen Tseng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Gallorini M, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. HEMA-induced cytotoxicity: oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis. Int Endod J 2014; 47:813-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - A. Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - V. di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
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15
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Ho YC, Huang FM, Lee SS, Chang YC. The regulation of cytotoxicity and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate in human osteoblasts are related to intracellular glutathione levels. Int Endod J 2013; 47:784-90. [PMID: 24245513 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on cytotoxicity and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in human osteoblasts. METHODOLOGY Cytotoxicity was judged using an Alamar Blue reduction assay on human osteoblast cell line U2OS. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of COX-2 protein by HEMA. To determine whether glutathione (GSH) levels were important in cytotoxicity and COX-2 expression of HEMA, cells were pre-treated with the GSH precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), to boost thiol levels, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH. Paired Student's t-tests were applied for the statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS HEMA demonstrated a cytotoxic effect to U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The 50% inhibition concentration of HEMA was approximately 3 mmol L(-1) . HEMA was found to induce COX-2 protein expression in U2OS cells (P < 0.05). The addition of OTZ acted as a protective effect on HEMA-induced cytotoxicity and COX-2 expression (P < 0.05). In contrast, the addition of BSO enhanced HEMA-induced cytotoxicity and COX-2 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together, the levels of HEMA that were tested inhibited cell growth on U2OS cells. HEMA has a significant potential for periapical toxicity. The activation of COX-2 protein expression may be one of the mechanisms of HEMA-induced periapical inflammation. These inhibitory effects were associated with intracellular GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Ho
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Chang HH, Chang MC, Huang GF, Wang YL, Chan CP, Wang TM, Lin PS, Jeng JH. Effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the cytotoxicity, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostanoids production in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2012; 45:848-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Lai JY, Wang TP, Li YT, Tu IH. Synthesis, characterization and ocular biocompatibility of potential keratoprosthetic hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Zhu T, Lim BS, Park HC, Son KM, Yang HC. Effects of the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine on triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate, hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:197-205. [PMID: 22102427 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are known to deplete glutathione in mammalian cells, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cause oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether hydroxyl radicals (·OH), the most lethal and genotoxic ROS, and the Fenton reaction are involved in the cytotoxicity of resin monomers to four different cell types, namely MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), human gingival fibroblasts, and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelating agent, effectively protected MC3T3-E1 cells from resin monomer-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that cytotoxicity was caused primarily by hydroxyl radicals. However, DFO only had a protective effect against relatively high concentrations of TEGDMA and HEMA in HDPCs and human gingival fibroblasts, and resin monomer-induced cytotoxicity in L929 was not attenuated by DFO. A labile iron pool (LIP) was detectable only in MC3T3-E1 cells among the four cell types. This indicates that the generation of hydroxyl radicals induced by resin monomers is likely dependent on LIP levels. In contrast to resin monomers, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cytotoxicity was not prevented by DFO in any of the cell types examined, although hydroxyl radicals were detected in MC3T3-E1 cells and HDPCs on exposure to exogenous H(2)O(2). This result suggests that generation of hydroxyl radicals is not always the primary cause of cytotoxicity in H(2)O(2)-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Chongro-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Trubiani O, Cataldi A, De Angelis F, D’Arcangelo C, Caputi S. Overexpression of interleukin-6 and -8, cell growth inhibition and morphological changes in 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-treated human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Int Endod J 2011; 45:19-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Costa CADS, Ribeiro APD, Giro EMA, Randall RC, Hebling J. Pulp response after application of two resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) in deep cavities of prepared human teeth. Dent Mater 2011; 27:e158-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim NR, Lim BS, Park HC, Son KM, Yang HC. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on TEGDMA- and HEMA-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:300-7. [PMID: 21604367 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) are major resinous components of dental restorative materials and dentin bonding adhesives. Resin monomers are known to cause cytotoxicity in mammalian cells via oxidative stress and inhibit differentiation of dental pulp cells and osteoblasts. This study was aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress was involved in the inhibition of TEGDMA- and HEMA-induced differentiation. TEGDMA and HEMA reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the mRNA expression of the osteopontin (OPN) gene in MG63 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. On the other hand, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not affect ALP activity at concentrations below 10 mM. Reduced ALP activity and OPN mRNA expression by TEGDMA were partially recovered via cotreatment with NAC. However, NAC did not exhibit significant effects in HEMA-treated cells. Glutathione (GSH) levels were also down-regulated by both TEGDMA and HEMA. The addition of NAC induced the partial recovery of GSH in cells treated with 0.5 mM TEGDMA. On the other hand, the levels of GSH in HEMA-treated cells were not affected by NAC. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the suppression of differentiation by TEGDMA. Translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus has been known to play a role in the suppression of osteogenic differentiation by oxidative stress. However, Nrf2 did not move into the nucleus in resin monomer-treated MG63 cells, suggesting the contribution of other signaling pathways to the suppressive effects of resin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ryoung Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Chongro-ku, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Son KM, Park HC, Kim NR, Lee IS, Yang HC. Enhancement of the ALP activity of C3H10T1/2 cells by the combination of an oxysterol and apatite. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:044107. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/4/044107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bakopoulou A, Papadopoulos T, Garefis P. Molecular toxicology of substances released from resin-based dental restorative materials. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3861-3899. [PMID: 19865523 PMCID: PMC2769064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin-based dental restorative materials are extensively used today in dentistry. However, significant concerns still remain regarding their biocompatibility. For this reason, significant scientific effort has been focused on the determination of the molecular toxicology of substances released by these biomaterials, using several tools for risk assessment, including exposure assessment, hazard identification and dose-response analysis. These studies have shown that substances released by these materials can cause significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, leading to irreversible disturbance of basic cellular functions. The aim of this article is to review current knowledge related to dental composites' molecular toxicology and to give implications for possible improvements concerning their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Fixed & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece; E-Mails: (B.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Triantafillos Papadopoulos
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Pavlos Garefis
- Department of Fixed & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece; E-Mails: (B.A.); (G.P.)
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