1
|
Shelar P, Abdolvand H, Butler S. On the behaviour of zirconia-based dental materials: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104861. [PMID: 34600431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia-based dental materials are extensively used in clinical practice due to their tooth-like appearance, biofunctionality, biocompatibility, and affordability. However, premature clinical failures of veneering porcelains raise a concern about their integrity. Extensive studies have been performed over a decade to resolve this issue, but it is challenging to reference all information effectively. A single source identifying the significance of potential parameters on material performance has not previously been available. An evidence-based meta-narrative review technique was used to review the characteristic parameters that can affect the overall behaviour of zirconia-based materials. Keywords were chosen to assess manuscripts based on scientific coherence with this paper's research objective. Online keyword searches were carried out on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SAGE databases for relevant published manuscripts from year 1985-2020.261 out of 3170 identified manuscripts were included. A total of 10 parameters were identified and classified into the material, manufacturing, and geometric aspects. The effect of every parameter was reviewed on the performance of the material. A discrepancy in findings was observed and is attributed to the fact that there is no standard methodology. This review acts as a single source that summarizes various parameters' contribution to zirconia-based dental materials' performance. This review facilitates manufacturing improvements by accounting for every parameter's effect on overall performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shelar
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Abdolvand
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Butler
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fabris D, Moura JPA, Fredel MC, Souza JCM, Silva FS, Henriques B. Biomechanical analyses of one-piece dental implants composed of titanium, zirconia, PEEK, CFR-PEEK, or GFR-PEEK: Stresses, strains, and bone remodeling prediction by the finite element method. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:79-88. [PMID: 34173713 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the biomechanics, using the finite element method (FEM), of traditional titanium Morse taper (MT) dental implants compared to one-piece implants composed of zirconia, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK), or glass fiber-reinforced PEEK (GFR-PEEK). MT and one-piece dental implants were modeled within a mandibular bone section and loaded on an oblique force using FEM. A MT implant system involving a Ti6Al4V abutment and a cp-Ti grade IV implant was compared to one-piece implants composed of cp-Ti grade IV, zirconia (3Y-TZP), PEEK, CFR-PEEK, or GFR-PEEK. Stress on bone and implants was computed and analyzed while bone remodeling prediction was evaluated considering equivalent strain. In comparison to one-piece implants, the traditional MT implant revealed higher stress peak (112 MPa). The maximum stresses on the one-piece implants reached ~80 MPa, regardless their chemical composition. MT implant induced lower bone stimulus, although excessive bone strain was recorded for PEEK implants. Balanced strain levels were noticed for reinforced PEEK implants of which CFR-PEEK one-piece implants showed proper biomechanical behavior. Balanced strain levels might induce bone remodeling at the peri-implant region while maintaining low risks of mechanical failures. However, the strength of the PEEK-based composite materials is still low for long-term clinical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabris
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - José P A Moura
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.,Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Braga, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Márcio C Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Braga, 4800-058, Portugal.,School of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Filipe S Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Braga, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.,Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Braga, 4800-058, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fabris D, Fredel MC, Souza JCM, Silva FS, Henriques B. Biomechanical behavior of functionally graded S53P4 bioglass-zirconia dental implants: Experimental and finite element analyses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104565. [PMID: 34087536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of one-piece zirconia implants with a functionally graded bioglass (BG) layer as compared to monolithic zirconia and BG-coated implants, using the finite element method (FEM). METHODS Zirconia disks were infiltrated with bioglass S53P4 and then morphologically inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by mechanical analyses on micro-indentation tests for further biomechanical validation using the finite element method (FEM). On modeling, zirconia dental implants anchored into mandibular bone were simulated on occlusal loading as recorded under mastication. Three types of implants were simulated: i) free of BG coating, ii) with 100 μm or 150 μm thick conventional BG coatings; and iii) with graded BG coatings involving 3 different chemical composition distributions. The stress state at both implant and bone were evaluated using the FEM. The mechanically-induced bone remodelling was analyzed through the bone strain results. RESULTS Infiltration of BG into a zirconia structure resulted in a ∼100 μm thick layer with an exponential-like gradation of chemical composition and properties. Regarding the FEM calculations, the BG coating induced up to 30% decrease on stress in the implant body when compared to the monolithic zirconia implant. The gradient of chemical composition also improved the stresses' distribution. The stresses distribution towards the BG-coatings were significantly high and could lead to failure. Stresses on the bone were recorded down to its strength threshold, with insignificant influence of the coating layer. The bone strain values on all models indicates further bone remodelling although BG-coated and BG-graded zirconia implants showed the highest strain magnitude that may enhance the mechanical stimulation for bone maintenance. SIGNIFICANCE Graded BG-zirconia dental implants showed enhanced overall biomechanical behaviour as compared to the BG-coated or monolithic zirconia dental implants. Also, such biomechanical improvements noticed for the BG-graded system should be considered in combination with the well-known osseointegration benefits of bioactive glasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabris
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcio C Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; School of Dentistry (DODT), Postgraduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shahmoradi M, Wan B, Zhang Z, Wilson T, Swain M, Li Q. Monolithic crowns fracture analysis: The effect of material properties, cusp angle and crown thickness. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1038-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Wan B, Shahmoradi M, Zhang Z, Shibata Y, Sarrafpour B, Swain M, Li Q. Modelling of stress distribution and fracture in dental occlusal fissures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4682. [PMID: 30886223 PMCID: PMC6423029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture behaviour of fissural dental enamel under simulated occlusal load in relation to various interacting factors including fissure morphology, cuspal angle and the underlying material properties of enamel. Extended finite element method (XFEM) was adopted here to analyse the fracture load and crack length in tooth models with different cusp angles (ranging from 50° to 70° in 2.5° intervals), fissural morphologies (namely U shape, V shape, IK shape, I shape and Inverted-Y shape) and enamel material properties (constant versus graded). The analysis results showed that fissures with larger curved morphology, such as U shape and IK shape, exhibit higher resistance to fracture under simulated occlusal load irrespective of cusp angle and enamel properties. Increased cusp angle (i.e. lower cusp steepness), also significantly enhanced the fracture resistance of fissural enamel, particularly for the IK and Inverted-Y shape fissures. Overall, the outcomes of this study explain how the interplay of compositional and structural features of enamel in the fissural area contribute to the resistance of the human tooth against masticatory forces. These findings may provide significant indicators for clinicians and technicians in designing/fabricating extra-coronal dental restorations and correcting the cuspal inclinations and contacts during clinical occlusal adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wan
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mahdi Shahmoradi
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Zhongpu Zhang
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yo Shibata
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Babak Sarrafpour
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Xu Y, Su B, Arola D, Zhang D. The effect of adhesive failure and defects on the stress distribution in all-ceramic crowns. J Dent 2018; 75:74-83. [PMID: 29857076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of adhesive failure and defects between the crown and cement on the stress distribution within all-ceramic crowns and the corresponding risk of failure. METHODS An IPS e.max crown of lithium disilicate produced by CAD/CAM for a first mandibular molar was modeled using finite element analysis based on X-ray micro-CT scanned images. Predefined debonding states and interfacial defects between the crown and cement were simulated using the model. The first principal stress distribution of the crown and cement was analyzed under a vertical occlusal load of 600 N. A concept of failure risk was proposed to evaluate the crown. RESULTS Stress concentrations in the crown were identified on the occlusal surface surrounding the region of loading, beneath the area of loading and at the margin of the interior surface. Stress concentrations in the cement were also evident at the boundary of the debonded areas. The lower surface of the crown is safe to sustain the 600 N vertical load, but the top surface of the cement would undergo cohesive failure. According to the evaluation of failure risk of the crown, the conditions of highest risk corresponded to the conditions with highest percentage of cement damage. The risk of failure is not only associated with debonding between the crown and cement, but also associated with its distribution. CONCLUSIONS Debonding related defects and cementing defects are more deleterious to the interfacial stress than debonding itself. The axial wall plays a critical role in maintaining the principal tensile stress of the crown at an acceptable level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramos V, Øilo M. Thermal cracks of implant-based zirconia four-unit restorations: A fractographic analysis of two restorations fractured during production. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:327-330. [PMID: 29627215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two zirconia-based 4-unit restorations intended for the same patient fractured during the veneering process even though the prolonged cooling protocol recommended by the manufacturers was used. Fractographic analyses revealed that both restorations fractured as a result of thermal shock, but at different times during production. Further investigation is necessary to optimize the firing protocols for large zirconia-based restorations and avoid fracture due to thermal shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Ramos
- Associate Professor, Director, Graduate Prosthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Marit Øilo
- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fabris D, Souza JC, Silva FS, Fredel M, Gasik M, Henriques B. Influence of specimens’ geometry and materials on the thermal stresses in dental restorative materials during thermal cycling. J Dent 2018; 69:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
9
|
Askari E, Flores P, Silva F. A particle swarm-based algorithm for optimization of multi-layered and graded dental ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:461-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Figueiredo VMGD, Pereira SMB, Bressiani E, Valera MC, Bottino MA, Zhang Y, Melo RMD. Effects of porcelain thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in a bilayered zirconia system. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:566-574. [PMID: 29069155 PMCID: PMC5806690 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2015-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the influence of porcelain (VM9, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in bilayered zirconia systems (YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty zirconia bars (20.0x4.0x1.0 mm) and six zirconia blocks (12.0x7.5x1.2 mm) were prepared and veneered with porcelain with different thickness: 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. The bars of each experimental group (n=10) were subjected to four-point flexural strength testing. In each ceramic block, a Vickers indentation was created under a load of 10 kgf for 10 seconds, for the propagation of cracks. RESULTS The results of flexural strength were evaluated by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. The factor "thickness of the porcelain" was statistically significant (p=0.001) and the l-mm group presented the highest values of flexural strength. The cracks were predominant among the bending specimens with 1 and 2 mm of porcelain, and catastrophic failures were found in 50% of 3-mm-thick porcelain. After the indentation of blocks, the most severe defects were observed in blocks with 3-mm-thick porcelain. CONCLUSION The smallest (1 mm) thickness of porcelain on the zirconia infrastructure presented higher values of flexural strength. Better resistance to defect propagation was observed near the porcelain/ zirconia interface for all groups. Higher flexural strength was found for a thinner porcelain layer in a bilayered zirconia system. The damage caused by a Vickers indentation near and far the interface with the zirconia shows that the stress profiles are different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Maria Gonçalves de Figueiredo
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Sarina Maciel Braga Pereira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Bressiani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Márcia Carneiro Valera
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Bottino
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - Yu Zhang
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York, USA
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scherrer SS, Lohbauer U, Della Bona A, Vichi A, Tholey MJ, Kelly JR, van Noort R, Cesar PF. ADM guidance-Ceramics: guidance to the use of fractography in failure analysis of brittle materials. Dent Mater 2017; 33:599-620. [PMID: 28400062 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide background information and guidance as to how to use fractography accurately, a powerful tool for failure analysis of dental ceramic structures. METHODS An extended palette of qualitative and quantitative fractography is provided, both for in vivo and in vitro fracture surface analyses. As visual support, this guidance document will provide micrographs of typical critical ceramic processing flaws, differentiating between pre- versus post sintering cracks, grinding damage related failures and occlusal contact wear origins and of failures due to surface degradation. RESULTS The documentation emphasizes good labeling of crack features, precise indication of the direction of crack propagation (dcp), identification of the fracture origin, the use of fractographic photomontage of critical flaws or flaw labeling on strength data graphics. A compilation of recommendations for specific applications of fractography in Dentistry is also provided. SIGNIFICANCE This guidance document will contribute to a more accurate use of fractography and help researchers to better identify, describe and understand the causes of failure, for both clinical and laboratory-scale situations. If adequately performed at a large scale, fractography will assist in optimizing the methods of processing and designing of restorative materials and components. Clinical failures may be better understood and consequently reduced by sending out the correct message regarding the fracture origin in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne S Scherrer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Research Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Dental Clinic 1, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro Vichi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Michael J Tholey
- Research and Development Department VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Saeckingen, Germany.
| | - J Robert Kelly
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Center for Biomaterials, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.
| | - Richard van Noort
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Three-dimensional characterization and distribution of fabrication defects in bilayered lithium disilicate glass-ceramic molar crowns. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e178-e185. [PMID: 28279435 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and characterize the distribution of fabrication defects in bilayered lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDG) crowns using micro-CT and 3D reconstruction. METHODS Ten standardized molar crowns (IPS e.max Press; Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated by heat-pressing on a core and subsequent manual veneering. All crowns were scanned by micro-CT and 3D reconstructed. Volume, position and sphericity of each defect was measured in every crown. Each crown was divided into four regions-central fossa (CF), occlusal fossa (OF), cusp (C) and axial wall (AW). Porosity and number density of each region were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using Welch two sample t-test, Friedman one-way rank sum test and Nemenyi post-hoc test. The defect volume distribution type was determined based on Akaike information criterion (AIC). RESULTS The core ceramic contained fewer defects (p<0.001) than the veneer layer. The size of smaller defects, which were 95% of the total, obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution. Region CF showed higher porosity (p<0.001) than the other regions. Defect number density of region CF was higher than region C (p<0.001) and region AW (p=0.029), but no difference was found between region CF and OF (p>0.05). Four of ten specimens contained the largest pores in region CF, while for the remaining six specimens the largest pore was in region OF. SIGNIFICANCE LDG core ceramic contained fewer defects than the veneer ceramic. LDG strength estimated from pore size was comparable to literature values. Large defects were more likely to appear at the core-veneer interface of occlusal fossa, while small defects also distributed in every region of the crowns but tended to aggregate in the central fossa region. Size distribution of small defects in veneer obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fabris D, Souza JC, Silva FS, Fredel M, Mesquita-Guimarães J, Zhang Y, Henriques B. THERMAL RESIDUAL STRESSES IN BILAYERED, TRILAYERED AND GRADED DENTAL CERAMICS. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2017; 43:3670-3678. [PMID: 28163345 PMCID: PMC5289668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Layered ceramic systems are usually hit by residual thermal stresses created during cooling from high processing temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal residual stresses at different ceramic multi-layered systems and evaluate their influence on the bending stress distribution. Finite elements method was used to evaluate the residual stresses in zirconia-porcelain and alumina-porcelain multi-layered discs and to simulate the 'piston-on-ring' test. Temperature-dependent material properties were used. Three different multi-layered designs were simulated: a conventional bilayered design; a trilayered design, with an intermediate composite layer with constant composition; and a graded design, with an intermediate layer with gradation of properties. Parameters such as the interlayer thickness and composition profiles were varied in the study. Alumina-porcelain discs present smaller residual stress than the zirconia-porcelain discs, regardless of the type of design. The homogeneous interlayer can yield a reduction of ~40% in thermal stress relative to bilayered systems. Thinner interlayers favoured the formation of lower thermal stresses. The graded discs showed the lowest thermal stresses for a gradation profile given by power law function with p=2. The bending stresses were significantly affected by the thermal stresses in the discs. The risk of failure for all-ceramic dental restorative systems can be significantly reduced by using trilayered systems (homogenous or graded interlayer) with the proper design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabris
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Júlio C.M. Souza
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcio Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Mesquita-Guimarães
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Influence of interlayer design on residual thermal stresses in trilayered and graded all-ceramic restorations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:1037-1045. [PMID: 27987657 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Residual thermal stresses are formed in dental restorations during cooling from high temperature processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of constructive design variables (composition and interlayer thickness) on residual stresses in alumina- and zirconia-graded restorations. Restorations' real-like cooling conditions were simulated using finite elements method and temperature-dependent material properties were used. Three different designs were evaluated: a bilayered restoration (sharp transition between materials); a trilayered restoration with a homogenous interlayer between core and veneer; and a trilayered restoration with a graded interlayer. The interlayer thickness and composition were varied. Zirconia restorations presented overall higher thermal stress values than alumina ones. Thermal stresses were significantly reduced by the presence of a homogeneous interlayer. The composition of the interlayer showed great influence on the thermal stresses, with the best results for homogeneous interlayers being observed for porcelain contents in the composite ranging between 30%-50% (vol.%), for both alumina and zirconia restorations. The interlayer's thickness showed a minor contribution in the thermal stress reduction. The graded interlayer showed an optimized reduction in restorations' thermal stresses. The use of graded interlayer, favoring enhanced thermal stress distributions and lower magnitude is expected to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wendler M, Belli R, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. Spatial distribution of residual stresses in glass-ZrO 2 sphero-cylindrical bilayers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:535-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Fabris D, Souza JC, Silva FS, Fredel M, Mesquita-Guimarães J, Zhang Y, Henriques B. The bending stress distribution in bilayered and graded zirconia-based dental ceramics. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2016; 42:11025-11031. [PMID: 28104926 PMCID: PMC5241077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural stresses in classic bilayered and in graded zirconia-feldspathic porcelain composites. A finite element method and an analytical model were used to simulate the piston-on-ring test and to predict the biaxial stress distributions across the thickness of the bilayer and graded zirconia-feldspathic porcelain discs. An axisymmetric model and a flexure formula of Hsueh et al. were used in the FEM and analytical analysis, respectively. Four porcelain thicknesses were tested in the bilayered discs. In graded discs, continuous and stepwise transitions from the bottom zirconia layer to the top porcelain layer were studied. The resulting stresses across the thickness, measured along the central axis of the disc, for the bilayered and graded discs were compared. In bilayered discs, the maximum tensile stress decreased while the stress mismatch (at the interface) increased with the porcelain layer thickness. The optimized balance between both variables is achieved for a porcelain thickness ratio in the range of 0.30-0.35. In graded discs, the highest tensile stresses were registered for porcelain rich interlayers (p=0.25) whereas the zirconia rich ones (p=8) yield the lowest tensile stresses. In addition, the maximum stresses in a graded structure can be tailored by altering compositional gradients. A decrease in maximum stresses with increasing values of p (a scaling exponent in the power law function) was observed. Our findings showed a good agreement between the analytical and simulated models, particularly in the tensile region of the disc. Graded zirconia-feldspathic porcelain composites exhibited a more favourable stress distribution relative to conventional bilayered systems. This fact can significantly impact the clinical performance of zirconia-feldspathic porcelain prostheses, namely reducing the fracture incidence of zirconia and the chipping and delamination of porcelain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabris
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Júlio C.M. Souza
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcio Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Mesquita-Guimarães
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Z, Chen J, Li E, Li W, Swain M, Li Q. Topological design of all-ceramic dental bridges for enhancing fracture resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 32:e02749. [PMID: 26444905 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Layered all-ceramic systems have been increasingly adopted in major dental prostheses. However, ceramics are inherently brittle, and they often subject to premature failure under high occlusion forces especially in the posterior region. This study aimed to develop mechanically sound novel topological designs for all-ceramic dental bridges by minimizing the fracture incidence under given loading conditions. A bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) technique is implemented within the extended finite element method (XFEM) framework. Extended finite element method allows modeling crack initiation and propagation inside all-ceramic restoration systems. Following this, BESO searches the optimum distribution of two different ceramic materials, namely porcelain and zirconia, for minimizing fracture incidence. A performance index, as per a ratio of peak tensile stress to material strength, is used as a design objective. In this study, the novel XFEM based BESO topology optimization significantly improved structural strength by minimizing performance index for suppressing fracture incidence in the structures. As expected, the fracture resistance and factor of safety of fixed partial dentures structure increased upon redistributing zirconia and porcelain in the optimal topological configuration. Dental CAD/CAM systems and the emerging 3D printing technology were commercially available to facilitate implementation of such a computational design, exhibiting considerable potential for clinical application in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpu Zhang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Junning Chen
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eric Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Swain
- Discipline of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Henriques B, Miranda G, Gasik M, Souza J, Nascimento R, Silva F. Finite element analysis of the residual thermal stresses on functionally gradated dental restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 50:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Marrelli M, Pujia A, Apicella D, Sansalone S, Tatullo M. Influence of peak oral temperatures on veneer-core interface stress state. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2015. [PMID: 28642897 PMCID: PMC5433208 DOI: 10.3109/23337931.2015.1039536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: There is a growing interest for the use of Y-TZP zirconia as core material in veneered all-ceramic prostheses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of CET on the stress distribution of a porcelain layered to zirconia core single crowns by finite elements analysis. Material and methods: CET of eight different porcelains was considered during the analysis. Results: Results of this study indicated that the mismatch in CET between the veneering porcelain and the Y-TZP zirconia core has to be minimum (0.5–1 μm/mK) so as to decrease the growing of residual stresses which could bring chipping. Conclusions: The stress state due to temperature variation should be carefully taken into consideration while studying the effect of mechanical load on zirconia core crown by FEA. The interfacial stress state can be increased by temperature variation up to 20% with respect to the relative failure parameter (interface strength in this case). This means that stress due to mechanical load combined to temperature variation-induced stress can lead porcelain veneer–zirconia core interfaces to failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tatullo
- Calabrodental Clinic.,Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical UnitSt. E. FermiCrotoneItaly
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The impact of luting agents and stiffness of implant-abutments on marginal adaptation, chipping, and fracture resistance of zirconia crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:279-91. [PMID: 25168974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Besides the prevention strategies against early stage dental caries, restoration is a preferable way to prevent decayed tooth from further deterioration. This study aimed to compare the mechanical strengths of carious tooth, traditionally restored tooth, and novel conservatively restored teeth under occlusal loading. The two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM) was applied to quantify and compare maximum tensile stresses thereby predicting the initiation of crack. Taking into consideration of peak tensile stresses, it was found that the conservative (minimal intervention) restorations exhibited better fracture resistance than traditional restoration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Z, Guazzato M, Sornsuwan T, Scherrer SS, Rungsiyakull C, Li W, Swain MV, Li Q. Thermally induced fracture for core-veneered dental ceramic structures. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8394-402. [PMID: 23684764 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective and reliable clinical uses of dental ceramics necessitate an insightful analysis of the fracture behaviour under critical conditions. To better understand failure characteristics of porcelain veneered to zirconia core ceramic structures, thermally induced cracking during the cooling phase of fabrication is studied here by using the extended finite element method (XFEM). In this study, a transient thermal analysis of cooling is conducted first to determine the temperature distributions. The time-dependent temperature field is then imported to the XFEM model for viscoelastic thermomechanical analysis, which predicts thermally induced damage and cracking at different time steps. Temperature-dependent material properties are used in both transient thermal and thermomechanical analyses. Three typical ceramic structures are considered in this paper, namely bi-layered spheres, squat cylinders and dental crowns with thickness ratios of either 1:2 or 1:1. The XFEM fracture patterns exhibit good agreement with clinical observation and the in vitro experimental results obtained from scanning electron microscopy characterization. The study reveals that fast cooling can lead to thermal fracture of these different bi-layered ceramic structures, and cooling rate (in terms of heat transfer coefficient) plays a critical role in crack initiation and propagation. By exploring different cooling rates, the heat transfer coefficient thresholds of fracture are determined for different structures, which are of clear clinical implication.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wimmer T, Hostettler J, Beuer F, Stawarczyk B. Load-bearing capacity of soldered and subsequently veneered 4-unit zirconia FDPs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 23:1-7. [PMID: 23643863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated and compared the impact of soldering on fracture resistance of veneered 4-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight 4-unit zirconia frameworks were milled and randomly divided in four groups (n=12). Untreated frameworks served as control, one group underwent thermal treatment, one group was sectioned and soldered in the connector between both pontics and one group was sectioned and soldered centrally in the mesial pontic. All frameworks were veneered with glass-ceramic material in powder build-up technique. The fracture load was determined on two different failure types, namely on chipping of the veneering ceramic and on total fracture of the FDP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA together with the Scheffé post-hoc test and Weibull statistics (p<0.05). RESULTS The mean range of fracture load of chipped FDPs was determined between 655 N and 789 N; no differences between the tested groups were found (p=0.587). The mean fracture load until total fracture ranged in all tested groups from 768 N to 1261 N. Sound FDPs and soldered FDPs in the connector area presented lower mean total fracture load compared to soldered FDPs in the pontic (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Soldered zirconia frameworks showed similar in-vitro performance compared to sound frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timea Wimmer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|