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Mylonas P, Moazzez R, Joiner A, Bartlett D. Superimposition of sequential scans to measure erosion on unpolished and curved human enamel. J Dent 2021; 117:103879. [PMID: 34762989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if superimposition of sequential scans can discriminate between different fluorides at step heights less than 5 μm on natural human enamel surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Natural, unpolished, human enamel specimens (n = 60) were randomly assigned to one of three pre-treatment toothpaste slurries with a calcium silicate/fluoride, fluoride-only and a control. Baseline and post treatment scans, from a non-contacting profilometer with a 0.01 μm z-axis and <1 μm lateral scanning resolution were imported into superimposition software to define change in mean 3D step height and surface roughness following erosion in 0.3 % citric acid for 15 min. Statistical analysis conducted with two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. RESULTS Confidence and resolution of superimposition and subtraction of repeated profiles from unpolished enamel revealed accuracy within 1-2 μm. The technique was able to discriminate between the fluorides demonstrating statistical differences in mean (SD) 3D step height (μm) of 1.96 (0.40) and 2.75 (0.49) (p=0.0024). There was a statistically significant increase in surface roughness for all groups after 15 min erosion compared to baseline. But no statistically significant difference between the interventions after 15 min erosion but there was compared to no fluoride (p=0.006). CONCLUSION Superimposition and subtraction of profiles could discriminate between fluoride interventions, which showed statistical differences in enamel loss differences less than 3 μm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This erosion model and data analysis workflow was able to distinguish differences between scans of 3 μm on unpolished enamel following the interaction with fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mylonas
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom; Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - R Moazzez
- Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - D Bartlett
- Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Zanatta RF, Ávila DMDS, Maia MM, Viana ÍEL, Scaramucci T, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Protection of calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride toothpaste with serum on enamel and dentin erosive wear. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210081. [PMID: 34614120 PMCID: PMC8523098 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of a toothpaste containing calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride associated or not to the boost serum (BS) against erosive tooth wear (ETW) on enamel and dentin. Methodology Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were subjected to an erosion-abrasion cycling model (1% citric acid - pH 3.6 -2 min / artificial saliva – 60 min, 4×/day, 5 days). Toothbrushing was performed for 15 s (2 min exposed to slurry), 2×/day, with the toothpastes (n=10): control without fluoride (Weleda), Arg/Ca/MFP (Colgate Pro-Relief), Si/PO4/MFP (Regenerate-Unilever), and Si/PO4/MFP/BS (Si/PO4/MFP with dual BS – Advanced Enamel Serum-Unilever). The effect of treatments on the eroded tissues was assessed by surface microhardness in the first day, and surface loss (SL) resulting from ETW was evaluated by profilometry (μm) after three and five days. Additional dentin specimens (n=5/group) were subjected to 20,000 brushing cycles to verify the abrasivity of the toothpastes. Data were subjected to ANOVA and correlation tests (5%). Results For enamel, no difference in microhardness was observed among the treated groups, and similar SL was obtained after 5 days. For dentin, Si/PO4/MFP/BS resulted in higher microhardness values, but none of the groups presented significantly lower SL than the control. There was no significant correlation between SL and abrasiveness. Conclusion The calcium silicate/sodium phosphate toothpaste and serum increased microhardness of eroded dentin, but they did not significantly reduce enamel and dentin loss compared to the non-fluoride control toothpaste. The abrasiveness of the toothpastes could not predict their effect on ETW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Morgana Menezes Maia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia - FOUSP, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia - FOUSP, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
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Buzalaf MAR, Levy FM, Gomes B, Valle AD, Trevizol JS, Magalhães AC, Joiner A. Protective effect of calcium silicate toothpaste on enamel erosion and abrasion in vitro. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06741. [PMID: 33912715 PMCID: PMC8066351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare in vitro the effect of a toothpaste containing fluoride (F), calcium silicate (CaSi) and sodium phosphate salts to conventional toothpaste (NaF) on human enamel specimens submitted to erosive and abrasive challenges. Methods 48 sound and 48 enamel samples pre-treated with 1% citric acid were divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Group 1- Non-fluoride toothpaste; Group 2- NaF toothpaste (1450 ppmF); Group 3- CaSi toothpaste (1450 ppmF; MFP); Group 4- Erosion only. The samples were subjected to pH cycling (3 cycles/day; 90s; 1% citric acid, pH 3.6) and to abrasion for 7 days. After the 1st and the last cycle, they were submitted to abrasion (15s, 1.5N load), using a brushing machine, soft toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (1:3; 15ml/sample) and then immersed in the slurry for 45s. Samples were immersed in artificial saliva between the challenges. Enamel loss was evaluated using profilometry on days 3 and 7. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results For sound enamel at baseline, mean (±SD) enamel loss (μm) for groups 1-4 on day 3 was 2.15 ± 0.35a, 1.20 ± 0.22b, 0.95 ± 0.19b and 1.98 ± 0.32a; on day 7 was 3.05 ± 0.40a, 2.07 ± 0.32b, 1.36 ± 0.33c and 3.69 ± 0.27d respectively. For acid-softened enamel at baseline, enamel loss on day 3 was 3.16 ± 0.19a, 2.17 ± 0.14b, 1.70 ± 0.11c and 3.04 ± 0.19a; on day 7 was 3.92 ± 0.25a, 3.07 ± 0.13b, 2.09 ± 0.15c and 3.87 ± 0.25a respectively. Conclusions Both F toothpastes led to significantly higher enamel protection from short-term erosion and abrasion in comparison to the non-F toothpaste and erosion only. In the longer term, CaSi toothpaste conferred significantly higher protection than NaF toothpaste. Clinical significance The results showed that for the longer term the CaSi toothpaste provided significantly higher protection than the NaF toothpaste, which indicates a good potential of the former to help prevent erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Flávia Mauad Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio Valle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sanches Trevizol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, United Kingdom
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Vicente A, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ, González-Paz BM, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Bravo-González LA. Effectiveness of a toothpaste and a serum containing calcium silicate on protecting the enamel after interproximal reduction against demineralization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:834. [PMID: 33437013 PMCID: PMC7804454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of a calcium silicate/phosphate fluoridated tooth paste and a serum compared with a toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite on protecting the enamel after interproximal reduction against demineralization. 3 sets of eleven incisors were created. The teeth underwent interproximal enamel reduction (IER) of 0.5 mm. Each set was allocated to one of three groups: (1) Brushing without toothpaste (control group); (2) Vitis toothpaste + Remin Pro; (3) Regenerate toothpaste + Regenerate Serum. The agents were applied three times a day and specimens subjected to demineralization cycles for 30 days. The weight percentages of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were quantified by X-ray microfluorescence spectroscopy. Surface microhardness measurements and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) observations were made. Ca data and the Ca/P ratio were significantly higher in Group 3 than the other groups (p < 0.017), while P was significantly lower in Group 3 (p < 0.017). No significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.017). Group 3 showed significantly higher microhardness values (p < 0.05) than Group 1. No significant differences were found for other comparisons between groups (p < 0.05). SEM images showed less demineralization in Group 3. The application of a calcium silicate/phosphate fluoridated tooth paste (Regenerate advance) and a dual serum (Regenerate advance enamel serum) protect the enamel with interproximal reduction against demineralization. Therefore, this treatment could be used to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite after IER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Vicente
- Unit of Orthodontics, University Dental Clinic, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Child Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine-Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Belén M González-Paz
- Unit of Orthodontics, University Dental Clinic, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine-Dentistry, University of Murcia, Avda Marqués de los Vélez. Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria 2ºplanta, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
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Leal IDC, Costa WKDF, Passos VF. Fluoride dentifrice containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts on dental erosion: In vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104857. [PMID: 32768713 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a commercial dentifrice containing fluoride, calcium silicate, and sodium phosphate and its dual phase gel serum to prevent erosive tooth wear in enamel. METHODS Forty-eight enamel specimens were selected by surface hardness and randomly allocated into 4 groups (n = 12) according to the commercial toothpastes: non-fluoridated (NF); 1100 ppm Stannous fluoride (SnF2); 1450 ppm MFP + calcium silicate + sodium phosphate (CSSP); CSSP + dual-phase gel (CSSP + Serum). Cyclic experiments were repeated 3x / day for five days, including an erosive challenge with 0.05 M citric acid (pH 3.75 for 30 s), treatment with toothpaste slurries (1 min), and remineralization with artificial saliva (pH 7.0 for 60 min). Surface alterations were determined by stylus profilometry (μm) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SnF2, CSSP and CSSP + Serum significantly reduce surface wear compared to NF treated group. Besides, there were no significant differences among SnF2, CSSP and CSSP + Serum. In micrographs of both groups treated with CSSP, the surface demonstrates the presence of a protective layer as a deposition of particles. CONCLUSIONS Dentifrice containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate with or without the dual-phase gel was able to prevent the erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelly de Carvalho Leal
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/nº, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Vanara Florêncio Passos
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/nº, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60430-350, Brazil.
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Li H, Liu W, Zhou HJ, Sun Y, Zhang M, Wang J, Limer A, Owens G, Joiner A. In vitro dentine tubule occlusion by a novel toothpaste containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate. J Dent 2020; 103S:100024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjodo.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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