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Bömicke W, Schwindling FS, Rammelsberg P, Rues S. Bond Strength of Milled and Printed Zirconia to 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP) Resin Cement as a Function of Ceramic Conditioning, Disinfection and Ageing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2159. [PMID: 38730965 PMCID: PMC11085335 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the suitability of printed zirconia (ZrO2) for adhesive cementation compared to milled ZrO2. Surface conditioning protocols and disinfection effects on bond strength were also investigated. ZrO2 discs (n = 14/group) underwent either alumina (Al2O3) airborne particle abrasion (APA; 50 µm, 0.10 MPa) or tribochemical silicatisation (TSC; 110 µm Al2O3, 0.28 MPa and 110 µm silica-modified Al2O3, 0.28 MPa), followed by disinfection (1 min immersion in 70% isopropanol, 15 s water spray, 10 s drying with oil-free air) for half of the discs. A resin cement containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) was used for bonding (for TSC specimens after application of a primer containing silane and 10-MDP). Tensile bond strength was measured after storage for 24 h at 100% relative humidity or after 30 days in water, including 7500 thermocycles. Surface conditioning significantly affected bond strength, with higher values for TSC specimens. Ageing and the interaction of conditioning, disinfection and ageing also impacted bond strength. Disinfection combined with APA mitigated ageing-related bond strength decrease but exacerbated it for TSC specimens. Despite these effects, high bond strengths were maintained even after disinfection and ageing. Adhesive cementation of printed ZrO2 restorations exhibited comparable bond strengths to milled ZrO2, highlighting its feasibility in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.R.); (S.R.)
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Tian JM, Ho WF, Hsu HC, Song Y, Wu SC. Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia-Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7691. [PMID: 38138835 PMCID: PMC10744630 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the low-temperature degradation (LTD) kinetics of tetragonal zirconia with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) dental ceramic using two degradation methods: hydrothermal degradation and immersed degradation. To study transformation kinetics, we prepared 3Y-TZP powders. We pressed these powders uniaxially into a stainless mold at 100 MPa. We then sintered the compacted bodies at intervals of 50 °C between 1300 °C and 1550 °C and immersed the specimens at various temperatures from 60 °C to 80 °C in 4% acetic acid or from 110 °C to 140 °C for the hydrothermal method. We used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm crystalline grain size and used X-ray diffraction to analyze the zirconia phase. As the sintering temperature increased, the calculated crystalline grain size also increased. We confirmed this change with the SEM image. The higher sintering temperatures were associated with more phase transformation. According to the Mehl-Avrami-Johnson equation, the activation energies achieved using the hydrothermal method were 101 kJ/mol, 95 kJ/mol, and 86 kJ/mol at sintering temperatures of 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. In addition, the activation energies of the specimens immersed in 4% acetic acid were 60 kJ/mol, 55 kJ/mol, 48 kJ/mol, and 35 kJ/mol, with sintered temperatures of 1400 °C, 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. The results showed that a lower sintering temperature would restrain the phase transformation of zirconia because of the smaller crystalline grain size. As a result, the rate of LTD decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Mei Tian
- Department of Stomatology of Xiamen Medical College, Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Wen-Fu Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan;
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Dental Technology, School of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Shih-Ching Wu
- Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan;
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Rigos AE, Sarafidou K, Kontonasaki E. Zirconia bond strength durability following artificial aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:138-159. [PMID: 37274447 PMCID: PMC10238491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study systematically reviewed the literature regarding the bond strength durability of zirconia ceramics to resin-based luting cements after application of different bonding protocols and aging conditions. Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were performed for relevant literature published between January 1st 2015 and November 15th 2022. Ninety-three (93) English language in-vitro studies were included. The percentage of the mean bond strength change was recorded prior to and after artificial aging, and the weighted mean values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Bonding protocols were classified based on the combination of MDP/non-MDP containing cement/primer and surface pretreatment, as well as the level of artificial aging performed. Alumina sandblasting (SA) was identified as the most frequently used surface pre-treatment while an insufficient number of studies was identified for each category of alternative surface treatments. The combination of MDP cement with tribochemical silica coating (TSC) or SA yielded more durable results after aging, while the application of SA and TSC improved bond durability when a non-MDP cement and a non-MDP primer were used. TSC may lead to increased bond durability compared to SA, whereas MDP cements may act similarly when combined with SA or TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios E. Rigos
- Resident, Graduate Prosthodontics, Texas A&M School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katia Sarafidou
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Uğur M, Kavut İ, Tanrıkut ÖO, Cengiz Ö. Effect of ceramic primers with different chemical contents on the shear bond strength of CAD/CAM ceramics with resin cement after thermal ageing. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37041493 PMCID: PMC10091622 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effect of ceramic primers containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl phosphate (10-MDP) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of CAD/CAM ceramics with different chemical structures and resin cement. METHODS A total of 640 CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were obtained from Vita Mark II (VM), IPS E.max CAD (EM), Vita Suprinity (VS) and Vita Enamic (VE). The specimens were divided into two groups: etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and unetched. Each group was treated with a different ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, G-Multi Primer and Monobond S), except for an untreated group (n = 10). After ceramic primers and resin cement were applied to each ceramic surface, half of the specimens were thermally aged at 10,000 cycles, 5-55 ± 1 °C, with a dwell time of 30 s. The SBS was tested with a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analysed by using statistical software (SPSS 20). Normal data distribution was checked with the Shapiro‒Wilk test. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyse the difference between the numeric data of the HF etched and thermally aged groups. A post hoc Tukey test was applied in the paired comparison of significant difference. The statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest SBS values were obtained in the HF etched G-Multi primer applied nonaged EM group (28.3 ± 2.62 MPa), while the lowest values were obtained in the nonetched and thermally aged EM group that received no treatment (2.86 ± 0.04 Mpa). The SBS significantly increased in all specimens on which the ceramic primer was applied (p < 0.001). Thermal ageing had a significant negative effect on the SBS values in all groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The positive combined effects of the 10-MDP and γ-MPTS agents resulted in a significant increase in the bonding strength of the resin cement to the CAD/CAM ceramics. In addition, the increase in the amount of inorganic filler provided a favourable effect on durable adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Uğur
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - İdris Kavut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Ozan Tanrıkut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Önder Cengiz
- Gungoren Oral and Dental Health Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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The Effect of Surface Treatments on Zirconia Bond Strength and Durability. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020089. [PMID: 36826888 PMCID: PMC9968119 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of airborne particle abrasion (APA) combined with MDP-containing resin cement, a glass-ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) method on the shear bond strengths (SBSs) and durability of 3 mol% yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia ceramic (3Y-TZP) compared with lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDGC). 3Y-TZP disks were randomly treated as follows: for Group APA+MDP, 3Y-TZP was abrased using 50 μm Al2O3 particles under 0.1 Mpa and bonded with MDP-containing resin cement; for Group GCSD, 3Y-TZP was treated with the GCSD method, etched by 5% HF for 90 s, silanized and bonded with resin cement without MDP. Group LDGC was bonded as the Group GCSD. X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) were used to analyze the surface chemical and micro-morphological changes of the ceramics before bonding. The bonded ceramic specimens were randomly divided into subgroups, and the SBSs were determined before and after 10,000 thermocycling. The SBSs were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA analysis. Failure modes were determined with optical microscopy and SEM. The XRD, ATR-FTIR and XPS results identified the formation of lithium disilicate and zirconium silicate on 3Y-TZP after GCSD. The SEM micrographs revealed that 3Y-TZP surfaces were roughened by APA, while 3Y-TZP with GCSD and LDGC surfaces could be etched by HF to be porous. The APA treatment combined with MDP-containing resin cement produced the high immediate zirconia shear bond strengths (SBSs: 37.41 ± 13.51 Mpa) that was similar to the SBSs of the LDGC (34.87 ± 11.02 Mpa, p > 0.05), but, after thermocycling, the former dramatically decreased (24.00 ± 6.86 Mpa, maximum reduction by 35.85%) and the latter exhibited the highest SBSs (30.72 ± 7.97 Mpa, minimum reduction by 11.9%). The 3Y-TZP with GCSD treatment displayed the lower zirconia SBSs before thermocycling (27.03 ± 9.76 Mpa, p < 0.05), but it was similar to the 3Y-TZP treated with APA and MDP containing resin cement after thermocycling (21.84 ± 7.03 vs. 24.00 ± 6.86 Mpa, p > 0.05). The APA combined with MDP-containing resin cement could achieve the high immediate zirconia SBSs of those of the LDGC, but it decreased significantly after thermocycling. The GCSD technique could yield the immediate zirconia SBSs similar to those of LDGC before thermocycling, and long-term zirconia SBSs were similar to those of 3Y-TZP treated with APA followed by MDP-containing resin cement after thermocycling. Hence, the GCSD technique could enrich zirconia surface treatments and is an alternative to zirconia surface pretreatment for 3Y-TZP bond durability.
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Kang LL, Chuang SF, Li CL, Lin JC, Lai TW, Wang CC. Enhancing Resin Cement Adhesion to Zirconia by Oxygen Plasma-Aided Silicatization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15165568. [PMID: 36013706 PMCID: PMC9412317 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combinations of alumina particle air abrasion (AA) and a 10-methacryloyloxyidecyl-dihyidrogenphosphate (MDP) primer and a tribochemical silica coating (TSC) and a silane-base primer are contemporary pre-cementation treatments for zirconia restorations for bonding with resin cements. However, the stability of zirconia resists the mechanical or chemical preparations. The purpose of this study was to develop an atmospheric-pressure oxygen plasma (OP)-aided silicatization method to enhance the adhesion of resin cements to zirconia. Zirconia discs were prepared to receive surface treatments of different combinations: (1) AA or TSC (2) with or without OP treatment, and (3) a chemical primer (no primer, silane, or a silane-MDP mixture). The surface morphology, hydrophilicity, and chemical compositions were characterized, and the resin-zirconia bond strengths were examined either after 24 h or a thermocycling test. The results indicated that the OP treatment after the TSC facilitated the homogeneous distribution of silane and crosslinking of silica particles, and effectively improved the hydrophilicity. The OP increased the O and Si and reduced the C elemental contents, while the combination of TSC, OP, and silane induced SiOx generation. Among the groups, only the TSC-OP-silane treatment effectively enhanced the bond strength and maintained the adhesion after thermocycling. With these results, the OP aided the silicatization protocol effectively, generated silane crosslinking, and resulted in superior resin-zirconia bond strength and durability compared to the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Kang
- Institute of Manufacturing Information and Systems, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chuang
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 ShengLi Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Li
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Lai
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 ShengLi Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Manufacturing Information and Systems, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Universal Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Bitencourt SB, Hatton BD, Bastos-Bitencourt NA, Micheline dos Santos D, Pesqueira AA, De Souza GM. Silica deposition on zirconia via room-temperature atomic layer deposition (RT-ALD): Effect on bond strength to veneering ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chatterjee N, Ghosh A. Current scenario on adhesion to zirconia; surface pretreatments and resin cements: A systematic review. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:13-20. [PMID: 36510943 PMCID: PMC8884347 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_478_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed to increase bonding of zirconia with resin. However, we are still to find the Holy Grail. A systematic literature review was performed through PubMed on international literature from January 2000 to May 2021 with relevant Medical Subject Headings terms. 56 articles were found to be relevant. Of all the different methods proposed, mechanochemical pretreatment of zirconia surface with alumina oxide and use of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate were found to be most effective as per majority of studies. New methods that require further research also surfaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Chatterjee
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nirmalya Chatterjee, Eden Royale, Flat 3B, 1588 Nayabad Avenue, Kolkata - 700 094, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Khanlar LN, Abdou A, Takagaki T, Mori S, Ikeda M, Nikaido T, Zandinejad A, Tagami J. The effects of different silicatization and silanization protocols on the bond durability of resin cements to new high-translucent zirconia. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3547-3561. [PMID: 34859327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different silicatization protocols with various silane treatment methods on the bond performance to high-translucent zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-translucent zirconia specimens were assigned to five groups according to mechanical surface pretreatment: as-sintered (Con), 0.2 MPa alumina sandblasting (AB2), tribochemical silica coating (TSC), 0.2 and 0.4 MPa glass bead air abrasion (GB2) and (GB4). Each group was subjected to 4 different cementation protocols: Panavia SA Universal (SAU), Panavia SA plus (SAP), silane + SAP (S-SAP), and Universal adhesive + SAP (U-SAP). Tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured after 24 h and 10,000 thermocycling (TC). Surface topography, surface energy, and elemental composition of the abraded zirconia surface analyses were completed. TBS data was analyzed using the Weibull analysis method. Surface roughness and surface energy were compared by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 24 h, higher TBS was achieved with all cementation protocols in AB2 and TSC, also, in GB2 with all protocols except U-SAP, and in GB4 with SAU and S-SAP. After aging, GB4/S-SAP, GB2/S-SAP, AB2/U-SAP, and TSC/S-SAP showed the highest bond strength. GB groups showed the lowest surface roughness and highest surface energy. CONCLUSION Glass bead abrasion achieved the durable bond strength to high-translucent zirconia using a separate silane coupling agent while altered surface chemistry, surface energy, and roughness without effect on morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Glass bead air abrasion is an alternative to alumina sandblasting and tribochemical silica coating and improves bond strength to high translucent zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Prosthodontic Dentistry Department, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, 46511, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Tomohiro Takagaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi 1851, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S4-501, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Hozumi 1851, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Cinel Sahin S, Celik E. The effect of different cleaning agents and resin cement materials on the bond strength of contaminated zirconia. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:840-847. [PMID: 34617647 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different cleaning methods and resin cements on the shear bond strength (SBS) of contaminated zirconia. A total of 92 disc-shaped zirconia specimens were contaminated with different procedures. Then, the specimens were grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: no cleaning + Variolink Esthetic DC (CNV ), no cleaning + Panavia V5 (CNP ), sandblasted + Variolink Esthetic DC (SBV ), sandblasted + Panavia V5 (SBP ), Ivoclean + Variolink Esthetic DC (ICV ), Ivoclean + Panavia V5 (ICP ), Katana Cleaner + Variolink Esthetic DC (KCV ), and Katana Cleaner + Panavia V5 (KCP ). Following an aging protocol in a 37°C for 1 week, SBS analysis was performed with a universal test machine. For the surface topography and elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Significance was evaluated as p < .05 and p < .01. The highest SBS results were found in the SBP group, showing a statistically significant difference from all other groups (p < .05). For the same cleaning method, Panavia V5 showed statistically significantly higher SBS values than Variolink Esthetic DC (p < .01), except the CNP -CNV (p = .880) and KCP -KCV (p = .082) groups. The most detected surface elements by EDS were Zr, O, C, and N, respectively. The contaminated zirconia surfaces must be cleaned for successful adhesion. The use of phosphate-containing adhesives in combination with sandblasting will increase the adhesion strength, and universal cleaning agents can be a good alternative to sandblasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Cinel Sahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ersan Celik
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ordu University Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu, Turkey
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Adhesion to Zirconia: A Systematic Review of Surface Pretreatments and Resin Cements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112751. [PMID: 34067501 PMCID: PMC8196946 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate the different pretreatments of the zirconia surface and resin cement in order to determine a valid operative protocol for adhesive cementation. Methodologies conducted for this study followed the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. An electronic search was performed in four databases. The established focus question was: “What type of surface conditioning method is the one that obtains the best adhesion values to zirconia over time by applying a resin cement?” Forty-five relevant papers were found to qualify for final inclusion. In total, 260 different surface pretreatment methods, mainly combinations of air-abrasion protocols and adhesive promoters, were investigated. Altogether, the use of two artificial aging methods, three types of cement and four testing methods was reported. The results showed that mechanicochemical surface pretreatments offered the best adhesive results. Self-adhesive cement and those containing 10-MDP obtained the best results in adhesion to zirconia. Artificial aging reduced adhesion, so storage in water for 30 days or thermocycling for 5000 cycles is recommended. A standardized adhesive protocol has not been established due to a lack of evidence
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Kobayashi RS, Picolo MZD, Kury M, Resende BDA, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of dental bleaching protocols with violet radiation on the color and chemical composition of stained bovine enamel. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102194. [PMID: 33513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of a violet radiation (VR) combined or not with bleaching gels on the color and mineral content of stained teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enamel/dentin blocks were obtained and stained (n = 50) with coffee, red wine, tobacco smoke, or were left non-stained. The stained or not-stained blocks (n = 10) were distributed into five bleaching groups (n = 10): VR, CP (37 % carbamide peroxide), VR/CP, HP (35 % hydrogen peroxide), and VR/HP. Color (ΔE00, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were evaluated after staining and after bleaching using a spectrophotometer. Calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and Ca/P contents (in wt%) were measured after bleaching using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data was statistically analyzed (α = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (ΔE00, ΔWID, ΔL, Δb, wt%) or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (Δa). RESULTS VR alone caused higher colorimetric changes on coffee, tobacco and red wine-stained groups compared to non-stained enamel (p < 0.05). VR/CP exhibited higher colorimetric changes compared to CP in coffee and non-stained groups. The VR/CP, HP and VR/HP groups exhibited no change differences (p > 0.05). No differences were observed for the wt% of Ca, P and Ca/P between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The violet radiation was more effective in bleaching stained rather than non-stained teeth. VR combined with 37 % carbamide peroxide was as effective as the HP agent. Besides, no adverse effects could be observed in the enamel mineral content, regardless of the bleaching protocol tested, according to the EDS semi-quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Soares Kobayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Zaghi Dal Picolo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Almeida Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Effect of Cleaning Protocol on Bond Strength between Resin Composite Cement and Three Different CAD/CAM Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184150. [PMID: 32961873 PMCID: PMC7560426 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation tested the effect of the cleaning method on the tensile bond strength (TBS) between one resin composite cement (RCC) and three different computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials, namely zirconia, lithium disilicate ceramic and resin composite. Ninety specimens were prepared from each CAD/CAM material (N = 270). The specimens were pre-treated respectively, divided into five subgroups and subjected to five different cleaning protocols, namely i. 37% phosphoric acid, ii. ethanol, iii. phosphoric acid + ethanol, iv. cleaning paste, v. distilled water. After cleaning, the specimens were either conditioned using a universal primer or a universal adhesive and bonded using a dual-curing RCC. After thermo-cycling (20,000x at 5 °C/55 °C), TBS and fracture patterns were evaluated. The data was analyzed using 1- and 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Scheffé and partial eta-squared (ƞP²), Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Chi2 tests (p < 0.05). The CAD/CAM material showed an impact on the BS while the cleaning protocol did not affect the results. Zirconia obtained the highest BS, followed by lithium-disilicate-ceramic. Resin composite resulted in the overall lowest BS. For most fracture patterns, the cohesive type occurred. All tested cleaning protocols resulted in same BS values within one CAD/CAM material indicating that the impact of the cleaning method for the restorative material seems to play a subordinate role in obtaining durable bond strength to resin composite cement. Further, it indicates that the recommended bonding protocols are well adjusted to the respective materials and might be able to compensate the impact of not accurately performed cleaning protocols.
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Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Önöral Ö, Aktore H, Ozan O. Does the application of surface treatments in different sintering stages affect flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia? J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:81-90. [PMID: 31774243 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of surface treatments conducted in presintering and postsintering stages on flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were milled from partially sintered zirconia blocks in different geometries and divided into three main groups as presintered, postsintered, and control groups. Test groups were further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the surface treatments conducted (grinding, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, air-borne particle abrasion [APA]). Four-point flexural strength (σ) test and Weibull analysis were conducted. Color differences (ΔE00 ) and translucency parameter (TPab ) were calculated with a spectrophotometer. Surfaces of specimens were scrutinized under FESEM. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Postsintered groups exhibited higher σ values (P < .05). Within all groups, highest and lowest σ values were detected at postsintered and presintered APA groups, respectively (P < .05). All ΔE00 values were above the perceptibility threshold (ΔE00 > 0.8). Higher TPab values were obtained and deeper scratches were observed in presintered groups. CONCLUSIONS Surface treatments performed at postsintering stage had a favorable effect on the flexural strength of all specimens. Surface treatments performed before sintering increased translucency and caused higher ΔE00 values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface treatments performed at different sintering stages can alter mechanical and optical properties of zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Kurtulmus-Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Özay Önöral
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | | | - Oguz Ozan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey
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