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Ren Z, Chen H, Wang R, Zhu M. Comparative Assessments of Dental Resin Composites: A Focus on Dense Microhybrid Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3718-3726. [PMID: 38716490 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The performance of dental resin composites is crucially influenced by the sizes and distributions of inorganic fillers. Despite the investigation of a variety of functional particles, glass fillers and nanoscale silica are still the predominant types in dental materials. However, achieving an overall improvement in the performance of resin composites through the optimization of their formulations remains a challenge. This work introduced a "dense" microhybrid filler system with 85 wt % filler loading, leading to the preparation of self-developed resin composites (SRCs). Comparative evaluations of these five SRCs against four commercial products were performed, including mechanical property, polymerization conversion, and shrinkage, along with water sorption and solubility and wear resistance. The results showed that among all SRC groups, SRC3 demonstrated superior mechanical performance, high polymerization conversion, reduced shrinkage, low water absorption and solubility, and acceptable wear resistance. In contrast to commercial products, this optimal SRC3 material was comparable to Z350 XT in flexural and diametral tensile strength and better in flexural modulus and surface hardness. The use of a "dense" microhybrid filler system in the development of resin composites provides a balance between physicochemical property and wear resistance, which may be a promising strategy for the development of composite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Chen WC, Chuang SF, Tseng PC, Lai TW, Chen TYF, Sun YN. Assessments of polymerization shrinkage by optical coherence tomography-based digital image correlation analysis-Part I: Parameter identification. Dent Mater 2024; 40:958-965. [PMID: 38729780 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based digital image correlation (DIC) analysis and to identify the experimental parameters for measurements of polymerization shrinkage. METHODS Class I cavities were prepared on bovine incisors and filled with Filtek Z350XT Flowable (Z350F). One OCT image of the polymerized restoration was processed to generate virtually displaced images. In addition, the tooth specimen was physically moved under OCT scanning. A DIC software analyzed these virtual and physical transformation sets and assessed the effects of subset sizes on accuracy. The refractive index of unpolymerized and polymerized Z350F was measured via OCT images. Finally, different particles (70-80 µm glass beads, 150-212 µm glass beads, and 75-150 µm zirconia powder) were added to Z350F to inspect the analyzing quality. RESULTS The analyses revealed a high correlation (>99.99%) for virtual movements within 131 pixels (639 µm) and low errors (<5.21%) within a 10-µm physical movement. A subset size of 51 × 51 pixels demonstrated the convergence of correlation coefficients and calculation time. The refractive index of Z350F did not change significantly after polymerization. Adding glass beads or zirconia particles caused light reflection or shielding in OCT images, whereas blank Z350F produced the best DIC analysis results. SIGNIFICANCE The OCT-based DIC analysis with the experimental conditions is feasible in measuring polymerization shrinkage of RBC restorations. The subset size in the DIC analysis should be identified to optimize the analysis conditions and results. Uses of hyper- or hypo-reflective particles is not recommended in this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Chen
- School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chuang
- School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ting-Weng Lai
- School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Terry Yuan-Fang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Nien Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ilie N. Profiling Elastoplastic and Chemical Parameters to Assess Polymerization Quality in Flowable Bulk-Fill Composites. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:159. [PMID: 38391645 PMCID: PMC10886178 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the chronology of polymer-based composite materials, flowable bulk-fill composites represent the most recent development. They enable a significant reduction in treatment time by being applied in larger increments of 4 to 5 mm. The aim of the investigation was to assess the polymerization quality and mechanical performance of a new formulation that has just entered the market and was still in experimental formulation at the time of the investigation, and to compare these results in the context of clinically established materials of the same category. Adequate curing in increments of up to 4 mm could be confirmed both by profiling the elastoplastic material behavior of large increments in 100 µm steps and by real-time assessment of the degree of conversion and the associated polymerization kinetic. A slightly lower amount of filler in the experimental material was associated with slightly lower hardness and elastic modulus parameters, but the creep was similar and the elastic and total indentation work was higher. The kinetic parameters were assigned to the specific characteristics of each tested material. The mechanical macroscopic strength, evaluated in a three-point bending test and supplemented by a reliability analysis, met or exceeded the standards and values measured in clinically established materials, which for all materials is related to the higher flexibility of the beams during testing, while the modulus of elasticity was low. The low elastic modulus of all flowable bulk-fill materials must be taken into account when deciding the clinical indication of this material category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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Ruppitsch LA, Ecker J, Koch T, Ehrmann K, Stampfl J, Liska R. Dynamic monomers for Hot Lithography: The
UPy
motif as a versatile tool towards stress relaxation, reprocessability, and
3D
printing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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DEGIRMENCI A, PEHLIVAN IE, DEGIRMENCI BUNALAN. Effects of polishing procedures on optical parameters and surface roughness of composite resins with different viscosities. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:199-210. [PMID: 36476685 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the optical properties of flowable and injectable composites after polishing, such as translucency (translucency parameter [TP], TP00), opalescence (OP-BW), chroma (C*ab), refractive index (RI), and change in surface roughness (Ra, Rz). Ninety disc-shaped samples were prepared from micro-hybrid, flowable, and injectable composites and divided into 3 groups according to the polishing systems (n=10). The RI was measured with an Abbe refractometer, and optical measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. The surface roughness was measured with a two-dimensional profilometer. Data were analyzed with the generalized linear model method and two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the polishing procedure did not significantly impact the RI (p=0.987). Injectable composite had the highest translucency (TP=28.67; TP00=13.49) and opalescence (OP-BW=13.11); showed the lowest C*ab value (17.95). Also, the effects of the composite type and polishing procedure on surface roughness were statistically significant (p=0.047 and p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alperen DEGIRMENCI
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil
| | - Ikbal Esra PEHLIVAN
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil
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Zhang X, Ma X, Liao M, Liu F, Wei Q, Shi Z, Mai S, He J. Properties of Bis-GMA free bulk-filled resin composite based on high refractive index monomer Bis-EFMA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pérez‐Mondragón AA, Trejo‐Carbajal N, Cuevas‐Suárez CE, Donado F, Herrera‐González AM. Effect of replacing UDMA by a new tetramethacrylate monomer on the properties of dental resin composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Antonia Pérez‐Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Nayely Trejo‐Carbajal
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Cuevas‐Suárez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales Dentales, Área Académica de Odontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Fernando Donado
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo‐AAMF Pachuca Mexico
| | - Ana M. Herrera‐González
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
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High Refractive Index Diphenyl Sulfide Photopolymers for Solar Cell Antireflection Coatings. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-reflection film can effectively reduce the surface reflectivity of solar photovoltaics, increase the transmittance of light, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The high refractive index coating is an important part of the anti-reflection film. However, the traditional metal oxide coating has poor stability and complicated processes. To address this issue, we prepared two organic high refractive index (HRI) photopolymers by modifying epoxy acrylic acid with 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol, which can be surface patterned by nanoimprinting to prepare antireflection coatings. As a result, two modified photopolymers with high refractive index (n > 1.63), high optical transmittance (T > 95%), and thermal stability (Tg > 100 °C) are obtained after curing. In particular, the diphenyl sulfide photopolymer modified by ethyl isocyanate acrylate has a refractive index up to 1.667 cured by UV light. Our work confirms that the organic HRI photopolymer can be obtained by introducing high molar refractive index groups, with potential to be applied as a PV cell power conversion efficiency material.
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Hahn B, Haubitz I, Krug R, Krastl G, Soliman S. Influence of Matrix Type on Marginal Gap Formation of Deep Class II Bulk-Fill Composite Restorations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4961. [PMID: 35564356 PMCID: PMC9099621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: To test the hypothesis that transparent matrices result in more continuous margins of bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations than metal matrices. Methods: Forty standardized MOD cavities in human molars with cervical margins in enamel and dentin were created and randomly assigned to four restorative treatment protocols: conventional nanohybrid composite (NANO) restoration (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (NANO-METAL) versus transparent matrix (NANO-TRANS), and bulk-fill composite restoration (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a metal matrix (BFC-METAL) versus transparent matrix (BFC-TRANS). After artificial aging (2500 thermal cycles), marginal quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using the replica technique. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann−Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: Metal matrices yielded significantly (p = 0.0011) more continuous margins (46.211%) than transparent matrices (27.073%). Differences in continuous margins between NANO (34.482%) and BFC (38.802%) were not significant (p = 0.56). Matrix type did not influence marginal gap formation in BFC (p = 0.27) but did in NANO restorations (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Metal matrices positively influence the marginal quality of class II composite restorations, especially in deep cavity areas. The bulk-fill composite seems to be less sensitive to the influence of factors such as light polymerization and matrix type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (I.H.); (R.K.); (G.K.); (S.S.)
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Zou X, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Liu R. Filling Aggregation-Induced Extinction Mechanism in Near-Infrared Photopolymerization for Gradient and Highly Filled Bulk Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiucheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Kury M, Ehrmann K, Harakály GA, Gorsche C, Liska R. Low volatile monofunctional reactive diluents for radiation curable formulations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kury
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | | | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
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The Photoinitiators Used in Resin Based Dental Composite-A Review and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030470. [PMID: 33540697 PMCID: PMC7867280 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented paper concerns current knowledge of commercial and alternative photoinitiator systems used in dentistry. It discusses alternative and commercial photoinitiators and focuses on mechanisms of polymerization process, in vitro measurement methods and factors influencing the degree of conversion and hardness of dental resins. PubMed, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate and Mendeley, analysis from 1985 to 2020 were searched electronically with appropriate keywords. Over 60 articles were chosen based on relevance to this review. Dental light-cured composites are the most common filling used in dentistry, but every photoinitiator system requires proper light-curing system with suitable spectrum of light. Alternation of photoinitiator might cause changing the values of biomechanical properties such as: degree of conversion, hardness, biocompatibility. This review contains comparison of biomechanical properties of dental composites including different photosensitizers among other: camphorquinone, phenanthrenequinone, benzophenone and 1-phenyl-1,2 propanedione, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, benzoyl peroxide. The major aim of this article was to point out alternative photoinitiators which would compensate the disadvantages of camphorquinone such as: yellow staining or poor biocompatibility and also would have mechanical properties as satisfactory as camphorquinone. Research showed there is not an adequate photoinitiator which can be as sufficient as camphorquinone (CQ), but alternative photosensitizers like: benzoyl germanium or novel acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators used synergistically with CQ are able to improve aesthetic properties and degree of conversion of dental resin.
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