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Lima AF, Pizzanelli GG, Stolf CS, Salomon JP, Lalevée J, Andia DC. Novel co-initiators of polymerization: Cytotoxicity profile and modulation of inflammatory mediators in human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1692-1696. [PMID: 39097504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of novel polymerization co-initiators and their effect on cytokine release from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), comparing them with commonly used co-initiators. METHODS Cells were isolated from the dental pulp of healthy human third molars. The new co-initiators, namely HDa1, HD4, HD1, and MHPTm, were evaluated and compared with the compounds dimethylaminoethyl amine benzoate (EDAB) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). These compounds were diluted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 8 mM. hDPSCs were seeded onto 96-well plates and incubated for 48 h. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of the co-initiators mentioned for 24 h. After this period, the culture medium was removed, and mitochondrial metabolism was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) was analyzed by the MAGPIX assay. Cells without exposure to the tested compounds served as controls. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS The compounds showed low toxicity, with 8 mM concentration causing the most significant reduction in mitochondrial metabolism. MHPTm was the most toxic co-initiator tested (compound bearing an amine functionality). All compounds up-regulated TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8, with HD4 exhibiting the most pronounced increase in IL-6 and IL-8. SIGNIFICANCE The newly proposed co-initiators demonstrated reduced impact on mitochondrial metabolism, comparable to some traditional co-initiators. Despite their lower toxicity, HD4 increased IL-6 and IL-8 release, suggesting its potential involvement in triggering an inflammatory reaction, particularly in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Zip Code: 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giulia G Pizzanelli
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Zip Code: 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S Stolf
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jean-Pierre Salomon
- Operative Dentistry and in Endodontics. Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie, Odontologie Hospitalière, C.H.U. de Besançon, France; Medical Devices and Dental Biomaterials Department, Odontology Department of Besançon's Medicine Faculty, France; Chercheur Associé EA 4662 " Nanomédecine, Radiologie, Thérapie " and " Macro-, Micro, and Nano-fillers of Direct, Indirect and 3D printed Medical Devices used in Oral Medicine. Université de Franche Comté, 3 Boulevard A. Flemming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse. Universit ́e de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Denise Carleto Andia
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, Zip Code: 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Dressano D, Salvador MVO, Aguiar FHB, Gonçalves LS, Palin WM, Watts DC, Hadis MA, Lima AF, Marchi GM. Achieving property enhancements in dental resin composites via reduced concentrations of camphorquinone within a ternary initiator system. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1400-1408. [PMID: 38908961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the impact of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI) on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites (ECRs) featuring reduced concentrations of camphorquinone (CQ)/amine. METHODS Five concentrations of CQ (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mol%) with dimethylaminoethyl amine benzoate (EDAB) in a 1:2 mol% ratio (CQ:EDAB) were incorporated into a 50:50 mass% monomer blend of bisphenol glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). An additional 5 groups with the same CQ:EDAB concentrations had 0.5 mol% DPI added. Each resin group contained 60 wt% of 0.7 µm barium-alumino-silicate glass. Light transmission (n = 3), real-time degree of polymerization (n = 3), temperature change during polymerization (n = 5), polymerization shrinkage strain (n = 3), flexural strength, and modulus (n = 12), as well as water sorption and solubility (n = 5), were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Light transmission was reduced in groups containing 0.125 and 0.25 mol% of CQ without DPI. DPI increased temperature, degree and rate of polymerization, despite the reduction in CQ/amine concentration. Additionally, there was an increase in polymerization shrinkage strain, flexural strength and modulus, and a reduction in water sorption and solubility in ECRs with DPI, even with lower concentrations of CQ/EDAB. SIGNIFICANCE DPI improved the assessed properties of composites across various concentrations of CQ/EDAB, showing the benefit of reducing the quantity of CQ used without compromising the properties and curing of the resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Dressano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Luciano Souza Gonçalves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - William M Palin
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, Coupland 3 Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed A Hadis
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK.
| | - Adriano Fonseca Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, CEP: 04026-002 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av Limeira, 901 Mail Box 52, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Jin S, Luo S, Chen K, Fang S, Zhong L, Zhang J, He R. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors in CQ-based photoinitiating systems for dental resins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16719. [PMID: 39030243 PMCID: PMC11271577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to explore the properties of the lignin-derived amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) during the curing process. Four novel hydrogen donors (HD1, HD2, HD3, and HD4) derived from lignin α-O-4 structural were designed and synthesized by simple methods, and their low C-H bond dissociation energies on methylene were determined by molecular orbitals theory. Four experimental groups using CQ (camphorquinone)/HD PIs formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%) were compared to CQ/EDB (ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate) system. The photopolymerization profiles and double bond conversion rate was tracked by FTIR experiments; the color bleaching ability of the samples and color aging test assay were performed using color indexes measurements; The cytotoxicity of the samples was also compared to EDB related systems. All of the experimental groups with new HDs were compared to the control group with EDB by statistical analysis. Compared to CQ/EDB system, new lignin-derived hydrogen donors combined with CQ showed comparable or even better performances in polymerization initiation to form resin samples, under a blue dental LED in air. Excellent color bleaching property was observed with the new HDs. Aging tests and cytotoxicity examination of the resin were performed, indicating the new lignin compounds to be efficient hydrogen donors for amine-free CQ-based photo-initiating system. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors are promising for further usage in light-curing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Xu
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuxin Luo
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailun Chen
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui He
- Center of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Kwon Y, Lee S, Kim J, Jun J, Jeon W, Park Y, Kim HJ, Gierschner J, Lee J, Kim Y, Kwon MS. Ultraviolet light blocking optically clear adhesives for foldable displays via highly efficient visible-light curing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2829. [PMID: 38565557 PMCID: PMC10987679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In developing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel for a foldable smartphone (specifically, a color filter on encapsulation) aimed at reducing power consumption, the use of a new optically clear adhesive (OCA) that blocks UV light was crucial. However, the incorporation of a UV-blocking agent within the OCA presented a challenge, as it restricted the traditional UV-curing methods commonly used in the manufacturing process. Although a visible-light curing technique for producing UV-blocking OCA was proposed, its slow curing speed posed a barrier to commercialization. Our study introduces a highly efficient photo-initiating system (PIS) for the rapid production of UV-blocking OCAs utilizing visible light. We have carefully selected the photocatalyst (PC) to minimize electron and energy transfer to UV-blocking agents and have chosen co-initiators that allow for faster electron transfer and more rapid PC regeneration compared to previously established amine-based co-initiators. This advancement enabled a tenfold increase in the production speed of UV-blocking OCAs, while maintaining their essential protective, transparent, and flexible properties. When applied to OLED devices, this OCA demonstrated UV protection, suggesting its potential for broader application in the safeguarding of various smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Jun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngdo Kim
- Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Luo S, Jin S, Xu L, Liao Y, He R, Zhang J, Zhong L. Lignin-derived new hydrogen donors for photoinitiating systems in dental materials. J Dent 2023; 132:104477. [PMID: 36914066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to develop amine free photo-initiating system (PIs) for the photopolymerization of dental methacrylate resins, using seven new hydrogen donors HDA-HDG derived from β-O-4 lignin model. METHODS Seven experimental CQ/HD PIs were formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%). CQ/EDB system was chosen as the comparison group. FTIR-ATR was used to monitor the polymerization kinetics and double bond conversion. Bleaching property and color stability were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Molecular orbitals calculations were used to demonstrate C-H bond dissociation energies of the novel HDs. Depth of cure of the HD based systems were compared to the EDB based one. Cytotoxicity was also studied by CCK8 assay using tissue of mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells). RESULTS Compared to CQ/EDB system, the new CQ/HD systems show comparable or better photopolymerization performances (1 mm-thick samples). Comparable or even better bleaching properties were also obtained with the new amine-free systems. Comparing to EDB, all HDs exhibited significantly lower C-H bond dissociation energies by molecular orbitals calculations. Groups with new HD showed higher depth of cure. OD and RGR values were similar to that of the CQ/EDB group, ensuring the feasibility of the new HDs in dental materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The new CQ/HD PI systems could be potentially useful in dental materials, presenting improvements in restorations' esthetic and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Luo
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yilei Liao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui He
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China,; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of, Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China,; Center of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
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Müller SM, Schlögl S, Wiesner T, Haas M, Griesser T. Recent Advances in Type I Photoinitiators for Visible Light Induced Photopolymerization. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Monika Müller
- Montanuniversität Leoben: Montanuniversitat Leoben Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials AUSTRIA
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Chemistry of Elastomers and Surfaces AUSTRIA
| | - Tanja Wiesner
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Michael Haas
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Inorganic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Montanuniversitat Leoben Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials Otto Glöckel-Straße 2/IV 8700 Leoben AUSTRIA
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Len’shina NA, Shurygina MP, Chesnokov SA. Photoreduction Reaction of Carbonyl-Containing Compounds in the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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