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Garlet A, Andre-Frei V, Del Bene N, Cameron HJ, Samuga A, Rawat V, Ternes P, Leoty-Okombi S. Facial Skin Microbiome Composition and Functional Shift with Aging. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38792850 PMCID: PMC11124346 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The change in the skin microbiome as individuals age is only partially known. To provide a better understanding of the impact of aging, whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed on facial skin swabs of 100 healthy female Caucasian volunteers grouped by age and wrinkle grade. Volunteers' metadata were collected through questionnaires and non-invasive biophysical measurements. A simple model and a biological statistical model were used to show the difference in skin microbiota composition between the two age groups. Taxonomic and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the skin microbiome was more diverse in the older group (≥55 yo). There was also a significant decrease in Actinobacteria, namely in Cutibacterium acnes, and an increase in Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. Some Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species belonging to the Firmicutes phylum and species belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum increased. In the 18-35 yo younger group, the microbiome was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of Cutibacterium acnes and Lactobacillus, most strikingly, Lactobacillus crispatus. The functional analysis using GO terms revealed that the young group has a higher significant expression of genes involved in biological and metabolic processes and in innate skin microbiome protection. The better comprehension of age-related impacts observed will later support the investigation of skin microbiome implications in antiaging protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Garlet
- BASF Corporation, 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (A.G.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Valerie Andre-Frei
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions, 32 Rue Saint Jean de Dieu, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Nicolas Del Bene
- BASF Corporation, 540 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (A.G.); (N.D.B.)
| | | | - Anita Samuga
- BASF Corporation, 26 Davis Dr, Raleigh-Durham, NC 27709, USA; (H.J.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Vimal Rawat
- BASF SE, Speyerer Str. 2, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany;
| | - Philipp Ternes
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
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Lboukili I, Stamatas G, Descombes X. Automating reflectance confocal microscopy image analysis for dermatological research: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220021VRR. [PMID: 35879817 PMCID: PMC9309100 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive, in vivo technology that offers near histopathological resolution at the cellular level. It is useful in the study of phenomena for which obtaining a biopsy is impractical or would cause unnecessary tissue damage and trauma to the patient. AIM This review covers the use of RCM in the study of skin and the use of machine learning to automate information extraction. It has two goals: (1) an overview of information provided by RCM on skin structure and how it changes over time in response to stimuli and in disease and (2) an overview of machine learning approaches developed to automate the extraction of key morphological features from RCM images. APPROACH A PubMed search was conducted with additional literature obtained from references lists. RESULTS The application of RCM as an in vivo tool in dermatological research and the biologically relevant information derived from it are presented. Algorithms for image classification to epidermal layers, delineation of the dermal-epidermal junction, classification of skin lesions, and demarcation of individual cells within an image, all important factors in the makeup of the skin barrier, were reviewed. Application of image analysis methods in RCM is hindered by low image quality due to noise and/or poor contrast. Use of supervised machine learning is limited by time-consuming manual labeling of RCM images. CONCLUSIONS RCM has great potential in the study of skin structures. The use of artificial intelligence could enable an easier, more reproducible, precise, and rigorous study of RCM images for the understanding of skin structures, skin barrier, and skin inflammation and lesions. Although several attempts have been made, further work is still needed to provide a definite gold standard and overcome issues related to image quality, limited labeled datasets, and lack of phenotype variability in available databases.
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Chauvel-Picard J, Bérot V, Tognetti L, Orte Cano C, Fontaine M, Lenoir C, Pérez-Anker J, Puig S, Dubois A, Forestier S, Monnier J, Jdid R, Cazorla G, Pedrazzani M, Sanchez A, Fischman S, Rubegni P, Del Marmol V, Malvehy J, Cinotti E, Perrot JL, Suppa M. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography as a tool for three-dimensional in vivo quantification of healthy epidermis: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100236. [PMID: 34608756 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal three-dimensional (3D) topography/quantification has not been completely characterized yet. The recently developed line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) provides real-time, high-resolution, in-vivo 3D imaging of the skin. This pilot study aimed at quantifying epidermal metrics (epidermal thicknesses, dermal-epidermal junction [DEJ] undulation and keratinocyte number/shape/size) using 3D LC-OCT. For each study participant (8 female, skin-type-II, younger/older volunteers), seven body sites were imaged with LC-OCT. Epidermal metrics were calculated by segmentations and measurements assisted by artificial intelligence (AI) when appropriate. Thicknesses of epidermis/SC, DEJ undulation and keratinocyte nuclei volume varied across body sites. Evidence of keratinocyte maturation was observed in vivo: keratinocyte nuclei being small/spherical near the DEJ and flatter/elliptical near the skin surface. Skin microanatomy can be quantified by combining LC-OCT and AI. This technology could be highly relevant to understand aging processes and conditions linked to epidermal disorders. Future clinical/research applications are to be expected in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chauvel-Picard
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Vincent Bérot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Linda Tognetti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carmen Orte Cano
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margot Fontaine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clément Lenoir
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javiera Pérez-Anker
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandra Forestier
- Chanel Parfums Beauté, Innovation Research and Development, Pantin, France
| | - Jilliana Monnier
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Cancer, la Timone hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
| | - Randa Jdid
- Chanel Parfums Beauté, Innovation Research and Development, Pantin, France
| | - Gabriel Cazorla
- Chanel Parfums Beauté, Innovation Research and Development, Pantin, France
| | | | - Antoine Sanchez
- DAMAE Medical, Paris, France
- Department of Bioengineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Véronique Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cinotti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
| | - Jean L Perrot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Mogensen M, Hendel K, Ung V, Wenande E, Togsverd-Bo K, Forman JL, Haedersdal M. Assessing Light and Energy-Based Therapy by Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Randomized Trial of Photoaged Skin. Dermatology 2021; 238:422-429. [PMID: 34515098 DOI: 10.1159/000517960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Image-guided quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment of skin can potentially evaluate treatment efficacy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are ideal for this purpose. This study assessed clinically relevant statistical changes in RCM and OCT features in photoaged skin after light and energy-based therapy. METHODS Novel statistical analyses were performed using OCT and RCM data collected during a previously published trial: a 12-week study of female décolleté skin randomized to four areas treated with thulium laser (L), photodynamic therapy (PDT), combined L-PDT, and control. Eight semi-quantitative RCM scores of photodamage and OCT measurements of skin roughness, blood flow, and epidermal thickness (ET) were evaluated and compared to dermoscopy and clinical skin scores. In statistical analysis, estimated treatment difference (ETD) was calculated. RESULTS Twelve women with moderate to severe photodamage were included. RCM and OCT data demonstrated a trend towards rejuvenation of epidermis with increased ET, changes in skin surface, and improved honeycomb pattern in RCM. In angiographic OCT, non-significant changes towards more regular capillary meshes were shown, which matched a decline in appearance of gross telangiectasias in dermoscopy. Improved skin tone after laser and L-PDT was identified in RCM, showing less edged papillae in 36% and 45%, and lentigo number declined in 55% of patients after treatments in dermoscopy. Based on clinical scores, L-PDT provided the greatest clinical improvement, which corresponded to superior ETD outcomes in ET and edged papillae shown in OCT and RCM, respectively. CONCLUSION Objective OCT and RCM assessment of skin rejuvenation was demonstrated in this study. Importantly, image-based improvements corresponded to favorable clinical skin scores and fewer photoaging characteristics in dermoscopy. Importantly, most changes did not reach statistical significance, prompting further studies and emphasizing the modest value of non-randomized, non-blinded anti-aging trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Hendel
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde Ung
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily Wenande
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Togsverd-Bo
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie L Forman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guida S, Pellacani G, Ciardo S, Longo C. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of Aging Skin and Skin Cancer. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021068. [PMID: 34123564 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1103a68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process that causes morphologic variations. Some of these variations have been hypothesized to be involved in skin cancer development. This paper reviews current knowledge of the features of aged skin as seen with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Basic principles of the technique are described, and the RCM features of healthy skin and skin cancer are briefly discussed. Moreover, the RCM features at different layers of young and elderly skin are described, as are the variations that occur with passing years and in relation to sun exposure that contribute to photoaging and the development of skin cancer. RCM enables the noninvasive evaluation, at quasi-histologic resolution, of aging-related skin changes, some of which are shared with skin cancer; this ability helps avoid skin biopsy. Further research is needed to understand the relation between skin aging and skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Infante VHP, Bagatin E, Maia Campos PMBG. Skin photoaging in young men: A clinical study by skin imaging techniques. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:341-351. [PMID: 33728691 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in skin physiology and lifestyle among people can influence the skin damage caused by solar radiation. Photoprotection habits play an important role to prevent skin photoaging. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin changes resulting from solar exposure in young men by skin imaging techniques. METHODS Twenty-three male, aged 18-28 years, with and without photoprotection habits participated in the study. Instrumental measurements in terms of dermis thickness and echogenicity (20 mHz ultrasound - DermaScanC® ), morphological and structural skin characterization (Reflectance Confocal Microscopy - VivaScope® 1500) and high-resolution imaging (Visioface® ) were performed in the malar region of the face. RESULTS Pigmentation disorders, telangiectasia, wrinkles and lower dermis echogenicity were observed in the skin of subjects without photoprotection habits. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy images showed an irregular honeycomb pattern (35%), polycyclic papillae (40%) and coarse collagen fibres (35%), which are related to photoaging. CONCLUSION Sun exposure without photoprotection results in a loss of dermal echogenicity and changes in the epidermis structure and collagen fibres regardless of chronological age. Thus, the study adds data for a discussion about correct photoprotection habits among young people and can help to increase the use of sunscreens for male public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ediléia Bagatin
- Medical School - Federal University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Tsuboi H, Yokota I, Miyamori D, Akasaka Y, Yamada A, Ikegaya H. Age estimation based on visual parameters of the skin of cadavers. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:532-537. [PMID: 30767271 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported relationships between various visual parameters of the skin and changes due to aging. Due to an increase in the discovery of unidentified bodies, the field of forensic medicine anticipates the development of a rapid method for estimating age. The present study measured various visual parameters of the skin in human remains and investigated the correlation between these parameters and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin images were taken of four body parts (cheek, chin, brachium, and thigh) of 414 forensic cases. We interpreted eight visual parameters of the skin (smoothness, roughness, texture, dullness, brightness, erythema, color phase, and sagging) from skin photograph images, and constructed three age-prediction models, categorized by sex, postmortem interval, and age. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed in the erythema of the cheek and chin, the roughness of the brachium, and the texture of the brachium and thigh among the visual parameters calculated in four body parts, using the three models. The root-mean-square errors, which indicate the precision of the three prediction models, were 13.06, 13.80, and 13.77. The only model that demonstrated a correlation with the visual parameters was sex (but not age or postmortem interval). CONCLUSION Similar to living subjects, we observed a correlation with age for a number of visual parameters. The parameters that correlate with age depend on whether the site being measured was exposed to sunlight. Age estimation based on visual parameters requires measurement of visual parameters for skin both exposed and not exposed to sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tsuboi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Akasaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumu Yamada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Bielfeldt S, Springmann G, Seise M, Wilhelm KP, Callaghan T. An updated review of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin - New perspectives and evaluation for claims support. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:348-355. [PMID: 30047989 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of skin research, today's consumer has increased access to an informed understanding of ageing skin and its appendages, together with a plethora of targeted products to meet such needs. In recent years, increased legislative demands for quality evidential claims support have led not only to the development and validation of clinical methods to measure and quantify ageing skin, but also a clearer understanding of the skin ageing process-especially the impact of both its internal and external environments-as well as a tougher stance on clearly unjustifiable claims. Traditional testing methods used to research and evaluate anti-ageing products claim to employ sophisticated instruments. Today, however, since the term anti-ageing can be considered a misnomer, intelligent use of combined more advanced clinical methods has enabled the development of technologically improved consumer products providing enhanced efficacy and targeted performance. Non-invasive methods for the assessment and quantification of the causes of ageing skin provide tools to the clinical researcher as defined by key clinically observed ageing parameters. Where evidence requires additional support, a number of clinical procedures evaluating ageing skin and hair products are combined with invasive procedures, thus enabling an added value to product claims. As discussed herein, given the enhanced understanding of ageing, we provide an update to our previous reviews of clinical methods used in the assessment of skin ageing, to include the wider aspects of environmental exposure; skin pigmentation; microbiome disturbance; surface topography; colour, radiance, and pH; and structural integrity-all requiring a disciplined approach to their use in dermatological investigations and product claims evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bielfeldt
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, 22869, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Springmann
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, 22869, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Seise
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, 22869, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - K-P Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, 22869, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Callaghan
- Callaghan Consulting International, 22587, Hamburg, Germany
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