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Dodeja A, Pande S, Madke B. Dermoscopy of oral and genital mucosal lesions: A descriptive cross-sectional study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289562. [PMID: 37582080 PMCID: PMC10426990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermoscopy is a safe, rapid, and non-invasive tool that aids in the clinical examination of pigmented and non-pigmented lesions. The upward trend in the use of dermoscopy can be attributed to the availability of compact hand-held and sophisticated dermoscopes, that are small enough to be carried around in a pocket. The extent of dermoscopy is not only limited to the evaluation of cutaneous lesions but also involves its use in the assessment of mucosal lesions along with lesions of hair and nails. METHODS In a descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n = 100) with oral or genital mucosal lesions will be enrolled. Following a thorough clinical examination, a dermoscopy of the lesion will be performed with Dermlite DL4© Dermoscope, having a magnification of 10x. Images obtained would be stored and evaluated for observing specific morphologic patterns on dermoscopy which would be utilized to describe those patterns and arrive at a specific diagnosis. Descriptive statistics will include mean and standard deviation to summarise quantitative variation. Dermoscopic features of oral and genital mucosal lesions will be estimated in percentage. PURPOSE OF STUDY Mucosal lesions several times mimic each other morphologically. Performing a biopsy is not always feasible for oral and genital lesions because they may be difficult to reach and tend to bleed more profusely compared to the skin surface due to its rich vascular nature. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool that helps in the diagnosis that is used mostly for the evaluation of non-mucosal lesions. For the same reason, there is no or minimal information in the published literature with regard to dermoscopic patterns of mucosal lesions. The current study intends to describe dermoscopic patterns in oral and genital mucosal diseases so that this important information would assist the diagnosis in a non-invasive manner thereby reducing the need for invasive investigations like mucosal biopsy. EXPECTED CLINICAL OUTCOMES To summarize, this research is intended to add to the scarce literature on dermoscopic findings of oral and genital mucosal lesions. The study findings would establish the diagnosis and eliminate the need for unwarranted invasive biopsies of mucosal lesions and, if need be, help in the selection of the biopsy site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Dodeja
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushil Pande
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprology, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Huisman BW, Pagan L, Naafs RG, ten Voorde W, Rissmann R, Piek JM, Damman J, Juachon MJ, Osse M, Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, van Hees CL, van Poelgeest MI. Dermatoscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography in Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Lichen Sclerosus: A Prospective Observational Trial. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:255-261. [PMID: 36924426 PMCID: PMC10309090 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine potential discriminatory characteristics of dermatoscopy and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) on vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vHSIL) and lichen sclerosus (LS) compared with healthy vulvar skin. METHODS A prospective observational clinical trial was performed in 10 healthy volunteers, 5 vHSIL and 10 LS patients. Noninvasive imaging measurements using dermatoscopy and D-OCT were obtained at several time points, including lesional and nonlesional vulvar skin. Morphologic features of vHSIL and LS were compared with healthy controls. Epidermal thickness and blood flow were determined using D-OCT. Patients reported tolerability of each study procedure, including reference vulvar biopsies. The main outcome measures were feasibility and tolerability of imaging modalities, dermatoscopy and OCT characteristics, OCT epidermal thickness and D-OCT dermal blood flow. RESULTS The application of dermatoscopy and D-OCT is feasible and tolerable. In vHSIL, dermatoscopic warty structures were present. In LS, sclerotic areas and arborizing vessels were observed. Structural OCT in the vulvar area aligned with histology for hyperkeratosis and dermal-epidermal junction visualization. Currently, the OCT algorithm is unable to calculate the epidermal thickness of the uneven vulvar area. Dynamic optical coherence tomography showed statistically significant increased blood flow in LS patients (mean ± SD, 0.053 ± 0.029) to healthy controls (0.040 ± 0.012; p = .0024). CONCLUSIONS The application of dermatoscopy and D-OCT is feasible and tolerable in vHSIL and LS patients. Using dermatoscopy and D-OCT, the authors describe potential characteristics to aid differentiation of diseased from healthy vulvar skin, which could complement clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertine W. Huisman
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pagan
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen M.J. Piek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Catharina Cancer Institute, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle Osse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mariette I.E. van Poelgeest
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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van der Meijden WI, Boffa MJ, Ter Harmsel B, Kirtschig G, Lewis F, Moyal-Barracco M, Tiplica GS, Sherrard J. 2021 European guideline for the management of vulval conditions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:952-972. [PMID: 35411963 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W I van der Meijden
- Department of Dermatology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | - M J Boffa
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - B Ter Harmsel
- Department of Gynaecology, Roosevelt kliniek, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Kirtschig
- Gesundheitszentrum Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - F Lewis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Moyal-Barracco
- Department of Dermatology, Tarnier-Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - G-S Tiplica
- Dermatology 2, Colentina Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - J Sherrard
- Department of Sexual Health, Wycombe General Hospital, Bucks, UK
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4
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Rambhia SH, Malvankar D, Rambhia KD, Gulati A. Use Of Over head projector sheets for Vulvar Dermoscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:e61-e62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Jindal R, Chauhan P, Meena D, Chugh R. Dermoscopic characterization of zoon balanitis: First case series from Asia. Indian Dermatol Online J 2022; 13:86-89. [PMID: 35198473 PMCID: PMC8809169 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_247_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoon balanitis is a rare chronic inflammatory dermatosis involving genitalia. It is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late leading to significant patient distress. Dermoscopy can act as a useful modality in prompt diagnosis of zoon balanitis. Herein, we report dermoscopic findings in twelve lesions of zoon balanitis in seven patients.
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6
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Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence and Prospects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080950. [PMID: 34440154 PMCID: PMC8394941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, distressing, inflammatory disease with an enormous impact on quality of life. Treatment goals are relieving symptoms, reversing signs and preventing anatomical changes. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, treatment outcome may not be entirely satisfactory and a definitive cure does not exist. This may be due to the fact that the exact VLS etiopathogenesis remains unknown. The objectives of this paper were to review the most up-to-date knowledge on VLS etiopathogenesis and to consider the available therapies through the lens of a plausible pathogenetic model. An electronic search on both VLS etiopathogenesis and its treatment was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. Based on current knowledge, it is conceivable that various, heterogeneous environmental factors acting on a genetic background trigger an autoimmune, Th-1 response, which leads to a chronic inflammatory state. This, in turn, can determine both tissue and micro-vascular injury and activation of signaling pathways involved in fibroblast and collagen metabolism. This pathogenetic sequence may explain the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly topical corticosteroids, in improving VLS clinical-pathological changes. Further deepening of the disease pathways will presumably allow key mediators to become new therapeutic targets and optimize the available treatments.
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7
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Rouai M, Litaiem N, Hammami H, Bacha T, Jones M, Ksontini M, Rammeh S, Mokni M, Zeglaoui F. Dermoscopic features of mucosal lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1368-1372. [PMID: 34081330 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects the skin and the mucous membranes. The literature on the dermoscopic aspects of mucosal LP is still scarce. This study aimed to describe the dermoscopic aspects of mucosal LP and to provide a comprehensive updated summary of the literature. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in Charles Nicolle, La Rabta, and Habib Thameur hospitals from December 2019 to October 2020. We included patients with histologically confirmed mucosal LP for whom a dermoscopic examination was performed. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. The main dermoscopic structures observed were as follows: Wickham's striae (WS) (91%), vessels (88%), pigmentated structures (41%), erosions (63%), scales (34%), and blunting of lingual papillae (3.1%). WS patterns were as follows: reticular (67%), radial (48%), annular (30%), globular (15%), dotted/starry sky (15%), and veil-like blue or grey-white homogenous pattern (19%). Vascular structures were as follows: linear (85%), dotted (70%), looped (22%), and peripheral sea anemone-like vessels (37%). These vessels were distributed in a radial arrangement at the periphery of the lesions in 67% of the cases. Pigmented structures included brown/blue globules (33%), grey-blue dots (30%), and brown dots (26%). CONCLUSION Dermoscopic features of mucosal LP are varied. WS is the hallmark of LP. The distribution and aspects of WS in mucosal LP were slightly different from those described in cutaneous LP. Physicians should be aware of these dermoscopic features that could help differentiate LP from other mucosal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Rouai
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Litaiem
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hammami
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Takwa Bacha
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ksontini
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Pathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Pathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Mokni
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Dermatology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faten Zeglaoui
- Department of Dermatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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8
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Zavorins A, Ķīsis J, Nevidovska K, Voicehovska J. Clinical and dermatoscopic features of lichen planus balanoposthitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1340-1342. [PMID: 33914960 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Zavorins
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Venereology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - J Ķīsis
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology and Venereology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - J Voicehovska
- Department of, Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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9
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Navarrete J, Cabrera R, Bunker CB, Agorio C. Dermoscopy of penile sclerosing granuloma. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/3/e239846. [PMID: 33653855 PMCID: PMC7929841 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile sclerosing granuloma is a foreign body reaction to the injection of material, usually for genital augmentation purposes. Patients commonly deny having had or performed these procedures on themselves, and diagnosis can be challenging. We describe the case of a 62-year-old man with a 10-year history of a growth on the penile shaft. Dermoscopic examination showed an orange background with shiny white structures, suggesting a granulomatous pathology. Guided biopsies confirmed a sclerosing lipogranuloma. The patient admitted to having self-injected motor oil. For the first time, we report the dermoscopic description of sclerosing granuloma, which will improve clinical diagnostic precision and guide biopsies. We also contribute the first description of a dermoscopic rainbow pattern in a granulomatous disorder; this could be due to a physical phenomenon called 'dichroism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Navarrete
- Dermatology, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile,Male Genital Dermatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raúl Cabrera
- Dermatology, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Caroline Agorio
- Male Genital Dermatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Navarrete J, Bunker CB, Vola M, Agorio C. Adult-onset median raphe cyst of the penis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e239842. [PMID: 33414124 PMCID: PMC7797266 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Navarrete
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile,Male Genital Dermatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Christopher B Bunker
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Magdalena Vola
- Male Genital Dermatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay,Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline Agorio
- Male Genital Dermatology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
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11
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Sonthalia S, Agrawal M, Sharma A, Pandey A. Genital lichen planus: Adding to the review of an “underrecognized entity”. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2021; 43:104-105. [PMID: 35846528 PMCID: PMC9282707 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_11_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Maatouk I, Apalla Z, Errichetti E, Lallas A. Dermoscopy for venereologists: an update on patterns of tumors, inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitalia, and tips for differential diagnosis. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:1211-1218. [PMID: 33448049 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermoscopy is an integrative part of clinical dermatologic examination. For clinicians mainly dealing with genital dermatoses and other venereal diseases, the differential diagnosis includes a broad spectrum of neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious entities. Dermoscopy might have a valuable role to enhance the clinical differential diagnosis and help avoid some biopsies done for diagnostic purposes. Although the dermoscopic patterns of most tumors and inflammatory diseases of the trunk/face have been described, their manifestations on genital areas are less elucidated. We aimed to provide a succinct summary of existing data on dermoscopy of dermatologic diseases on genital areas. METHODS A literature search was performed on PubMed using the terms dermoscopy OR dermatoscopy OR videodermoscopy OR video dermoscopy AND genital. All studies reporting on dermoscopic findings of at least one case of a dermatologic disease on genital areas were included in the review. Unless otherwise indicated, ×10 was the magnification used in the reported studies. The main outcome was to describe the dermoscopic feature of each disease. RESULTS A total of 31 articles were identified and analyzed. They included single case reports and case series. The described entities were categorized into anatomical variants, vascular and lymphatic lesions, tumors, inflammatory disorders, and infectious conditions. CONCLUSION In diseases of the genital area, dermoscopic findings can be highly diagnostic and might establish a confident diagnosis. Limitation is that most of the criteria are based on case series, and few of them have been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Maatouk
- Dermatology Department, Clemenceau Medical Center Affiliated with Johns Hopkins, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of social sciences, Nottingham Trent University, London, UK
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Enzo Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, Santa Maria della Misericordia' University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Czajkowski M, Żawrocki A, Czajkowska K, Kłącz J, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Biernat W, Matuszewski M. Lichen Sclerosus and Phimosis - Discrepancies Between Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis and Its Consequences. Urology 2020; 148:274-279. [PMID: 33248142 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of clinical diagnoses and the true incidence of lichen sclerosus (LS) in patients with phimosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 92 adult male patients who were qualified for circumcision due to phimosis, were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed clinically by a urologist and dermatologist before the surgical procedure. After the circumcision, the resected foreskins were examined by 2 independent uropathologists. RESULTS Preoperative clinical diagnosis of LS was established in 54 patients (58.7%); healthy-looking skin in 26 (28.3%) and other penile diseases in 12 (13.1%) patients. After histopathological examination, the diagnosis of LS was established in 62 patients (67.4%), but only in 44 patients with previous LS clinical diagnosis. LS was histopathologically confirmed in 18 other patients with clinically diagnosed healthy skin (n = 17) or lichen planus (n = 1). Healthy skin was histopathologically confirmed in 10 cases in patients diagnosed clinically before as LS. Other 15 histopathological diagnoses were Zoon balanitis (n = 3), nonspecific balanitis (n = 5), lichen planus (n = 1), psoriasis (n = 1), invasive penile cancer (n = 3), Bowen's disease (n = 1), penile intraepithelial neoplasia 2 usual type (n = 1). CONCLUSION LS has been revealed as the most common histopathological diagnosis in patients undergoing circumcision in our study. Histopathological examination seems to be necessary to exclude this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Żawrocki
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czajkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Kłącz
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Lacarrubba F, Borghi A, Verzì AE, Corazza M, Stinco G, Micali G. Dermoscopy of genital diseases: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2198-2207. [PMID: 32531092 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The male and female external genital regions are anatomical areas in which various types of skin disorders may occur. Although most of these conditions can be diagnosed by means of clinical examination and an accurate medical history, in most cases further investigations with time-consuming and/or invasive procedures are needed in order to reach the correct diagnosis. Dermoscopy, as a modern non-invasive tool, is able to better diagnose pigmented and non-pigmented skin tumours along with various inflammatory and infectious skin and appendage disorders. The aim of this paper was to provide a review of the use of dermoscopy in genital disorders based on published data and to include personal experience gained from real life, focusing on any possible gender difference and whether disease mucosal/semimucosal dermoscopy features may differ from those observed on the skin. In conclusion, genital dermoscopy should always be considered during clinical inspection in order to enhance the diagnosis or to rule out those conditions that may look similar but that show a different dermoscopy pattern, thus narrowing down the differential diagnoses and avoiding unnecessary invasive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lacarrubba
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A E Verzì
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Stinco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - G Micali
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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15
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Micali G, Verzì AE, Giuffrida G, Panebianco E, Musumeci ML, Lacarrubba F. Inverse Psoriasis: From Diagnosis to Current Treatment Options. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:953-959. [PMID: 32099435 PMCID: PMC6997231 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s189000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inverse psoriasis represents a clinical variant of psoriasis that is sometimes difficult to diagnose due to its clinical similarity with other skin disorders involving the folds, mainly including mechanical intertrigo, fungal and bacterial infections, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and lichen planus. Dermoscopy represents a useful tool for an enhanced non-invasive diagnosis. The treatment of inverse psoriasis may be challenging and include topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogs, traditional oral systemic therapies such as cyclosporine and methotrexate, and biologic therapies.
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16
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Abstract
Psoriasis involving the genital skin occurs in up to two-thirds of psoriasis patients but is often overlooked by physicians. Furthermore, psoriasis objective and subjective severity indexes for common plaque psoriasis often neglect the impact this small area of psoriasis can have on a patient. It can have a significant impact on patients' psychosocial function due to intrusive physical symptoms such as genital itch and pain, and a detrimental impact on sexual health and impaired relationships. The mainstay of treatment is topical therapy. In patients with genital psoriasis refractory to traditional topical treatment, biologic treatments may greatly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Kelly
- Dermatology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona Ryan
- Dermatology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Abstract
The scope of dermatoscopy has now vastly expanded and shows promising use for characterization of both pigmentary and inflammatory dermatoses affecting the skin, nail, and mucosae. Due to concerns of contamination and spread of infection, dermatoscopy has not been widely studied for genital mucosal dermatoses. In this article, we review the dermatoscopic features of nonvenereal dermatosis affecting the genitalia. Although biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis, dermatoscopy is useful to identify atypical and suspicious pigmentary lesions. For the inflammatory dermatoses and other benign dermatoses, presence of few characteristic findings can aid in the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kamat
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshavamurthy Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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