1
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Vancamp P, Butruille L, Remaud S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Combined deletion of Mct8 and Dio2 impairs SVZ neurogliogenesis and olfactory function in adult mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106572. [PMID: 38901782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) produce neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). T3, the active thyroid hormone, influences renewal and commitment of SVZ progenitors. However, how regulators of T3 availability affect these processes is less understood. Using Mct8/Dio2 knockout mice, we investigated the role of MCT8, a TH transporter, and DIO2, the T3-generating enzyme, in regulating adult SVZ-neurogliogenesis. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed Mct8 expression in various SVZ cell types in WT mice, while Dio2 was enriched in neurons, astrocytes, and quiescent NSCs. The absence of both regulators in the knockout model dysregulated gene expression, increased the neuroblast/OPC ratio and hindered OPC differentiation. Immunostainings demonstrated compromised neuroblast migration reducing their supply to the olfactory bulbs, impairing interneuron differentiation and odor discrimination. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of MCT8 and DIO2 in neuro- and oligodendrogenesis, offering targets for therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Pearson AD, DuBois SG, Macy ME, de Rojas T, Donoghue M, Weiner S, Knoderer H, Bernardi R, Buenger V, Canaud G, Cantley L, Chung J, Fox E, Friend J, Glade-Bender J, Gorbatchevsky I, Gore L, Gupta A, Hawkins DS, Juric D, Lang LA, Leach D, Liaw D, Lesa G, Ligas F, Lindberg G, Lindberg W, Ludwinski D, Marshall L, Mazar A, McDonough J, Nysom K, Ours C, Pappo A, Parsons DW, Rosenfeld A, Scobie N, Smith M, Taylor D, Weigel B, Weinstein A, Karres D, Vassal G. Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development of PI3-K, mTOR, AKT and GSK3β inhibitors in children and adolescents with cancer. Eur J Cancer 2024; 207:114145. [PMID: 38936103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) signalling pathway is a crucial path in cancer for cell survival and thus represents an intriguing target for new paediatric anti-cancer drugs. However, the unique clinical toxicities of targeting this pathway (resulting in hyperglycaemia) difficulties combining with chemotherapy, rarity of mutations in childhood tumours and concomitant mutations have resulted in major barriers to clinical translation of these inhibitors in treating both adults and children. Mutations in PIK3CA predict response to PI3-K inhibitors in adult cancers. The same mutations occur in children as in adults, but they are significantly less frequent in paediatrics. In children, high-grade gliomas, especially diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), have the highest incidence of PIK3CA mutations. New mutation-specific PI3-K inhibitors reduce toxicity from on-target PI3-Kα wild-type activity. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus is approved for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. In paediatric cancers, mTOR inhibitors have been predominantly evaluated by academia, without an overall strategy, in empiric, mutation-agnostic clinical trials with very low response rates to monotherapy. Therefore, future trials of single agent or combination strategies of mTOR inhibitors in childhood cancer should be supported by very strong biological rationale and preclinical data. Further preclinical evaluation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors is required. Similarly, even where there is an AKT mutation (∼0.1 %), the role of AKT inhibitors in paediatric cancers remains unclear. Patient advocates strongly urged analysing and conserving data from every child participating in a clinical trial. A priority is to evaluate mutation-specific, central nervous system-penetrant PI3-K inhibitors in children with DMG in a rational biological combination. The choice of combination, should be based on the genomic landscape e.g. PTEN loss and resistance mechanisms supported by preclinical data. However, in view of the very rare populations involved, innovative regulatory approaches are needed to generate data for an indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Bernardi
- Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Vickie Buenger
- Coalition Against Childhood Cancer (CAC2), Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - John Chung
- Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abha Gupta
- The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Leigh Anna Lang
- Rally Foundation for Childhood Cancer Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Giovanni Lesa
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), the Netherlands
| | - Franca Ligas
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Lynley Marshall
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Joe McDonough
- The Andrew McDonough B+ Foundation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Christopher Ours
- National Human Genome Research Institute/National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Weinstein
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation of the US, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dominik Karres
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Vassal
- ACCELERATE, Europe, Belgium; Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, Paris, France
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3
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Mouhand A, Nakatani K, Kono F, Hippo Y, Matsuo T, Barthe P, Peters J, Suenaga Y, Tamada T, Roumestand C. 1H, 13C and 15N backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of the human oncogenic protein NCYM. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2024; 18:65-70. [PMID: 38526839 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-024-10169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
NCYM is a cis-antisense gene of MYCN oncogene and encodes an oncogenic protein that stabilizes MYCN via inhibition of GSK3b. High NCYM expression levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in human neuroblastomas, and NCYM overexpression promotes distant metastasis in animal models of neuroblastoma. Using vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering, we previously showed that NCYM has high flexibility with partially folded structures; however, further structural characterization is required for the design of anti-cancer agents targeting NCYM. Here we report the 1H, 15N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of NCYM. Secondary structure prediction using Secondary Chemical Shifts and TALOS-N analysis demonstrates that the structure of NCYM is essentially disordered, even though residues in the central region of the peptide clearly present a propensity to adopt a dynamic helical structure. This preliminary study provides foundations for further analysis of interaction between NCYM and potential partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mouhand
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazuma Nakatani
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kono
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Precision Tumor Model Systems, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Matsuo
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Philippe Barthe
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Taro Tamada
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Christian Roumestand
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Nishio Y, Kato K, Oishi H, Takahashi Y, Saitoh S. MYCN in human development and diseases. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1417607. [PMID: 38884091 PMCID: PMC11176553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1417607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in MYCN have been identified across various tumors, playing pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and unfavorable prognoses. Despite its established notoriety as an oncogenic driver, there is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of MYCN in human development. While MYCN variants have traditionally been associated with Feingold syndrome type 1, recent discoveries highlight gain-of-function variants, specifically p.(Thr58Met) and p.(Pro60Leu), as the cause for megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome. The elucidation of cellular and murine analytical data from both loss-of-function (Feingold syndrome model) and gain-of-function models (megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome model) is significantly contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the physiological role of MYCN in human development and pathogenesis. This review discusses the MYCN's functional implications for human development by reviewing the clinical characteristics of these distinct syndromes, Feingold syndrome, and megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome, providing valuable insights into the understanding of pathophysiological backgrounds of other syndromes associated with the MYCN pathway and the overall comprehension of MYCN's role in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Stitzlein LM, Adams JT, Stitzlein EN, Dudley RW, Chandra J. Current and future therapeutic strategies for high-grade gliomas leveraging the interplay between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:12. [PMID: 38183103 PMCID: PMC10768151 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies, including small molecule inhibitors directed against aberrant kinase signaling and chromatin regulators, are emerging treatment options for high-grade gliomas (HGG). However, when translating these inhibitors into the clinic, their efficacy is generally limited to partial and transient responses. Recent studies in models of high-grade gliomas reveal a convergence of epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling networks that often cooperate to promote malignant properties and drug resistance. This review examines the interplay between five well-characterized groups of chromatin regulators, including the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET)-containing proteins, protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), and various signaling pathways essential for cancer cell growth and progression. These specific epigenetic regulators were chosen for review due to their targetability via pharmacological intervention and clinical relevance. Several studies have demonstrated improved efficacy from the dual inhibition of the epigenetic regulators and signaling kinases. Overall, the interactions between epigenetic regulators and kinase signaling pathways are likely influenced by several factors, including individual glioma subtypes, preexisting mutations, and overlapping/interdependent functions of the chromatin regulators. The insights gained by understanding how the genome and epigenome cooperate in high-grade gliomas will guide the design of future therapeutic strategies that utilize dual inhibition with improved efficacy and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Stitzlein
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack T Adams
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Richard W Dudley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Box 853, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Drastichova Z, Trubacova R, Novotny J. Regulation of phosphosignaling pathways involved in transcription of cell cycle target genes by TRH receptor activation in GH1 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115830. [PMID: 37931515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is known to activate several cellular signaling pathway, but the activation of the TRH receptor (TRH-R) has not been reported to regulate gene transcription. The aim of this study was to identify phosphosignaling pathways and phosphoprotein complexes associated with gene transcription in GH1 pituitary cells treated with TRH or its analog, taltirelin (TAL), using label-free bottom-up mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our detailed analysis provided insight into the mechanism through which TRH-R activation may regulate the transcription of genes related to the cell cycle and proliferation. It involves control of the signaling pathways for β-catenin/Tcf, Notch/RBPJ, p53/p21/Rbl2/E2F, Myc, and YY1/Rb1/E2F through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their key components. In many instances, the phosphorylation patterns of differentially phosphorylated phosphoproteins in TRH- or TAL-treated cells were identical or displayed a similar trend in phosphorylation. However, some phosphoproteins, especially components of the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf and YY1/Rb1/E2F pathways, exhibited different phosphorylation patterns in TRH- and TAL-treated cells. This supports the notion that TRH and TAL may act, at least in part, as biased agonists. Additionally, the deficiency of β-arrestin2 resulted in a reduced number of alterations in phosphorylation, highlighting the critical role of β-arrestin2 in the signal transduction from TRH-R in the plasma membrane to transcription factors in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Drastichova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Trubacova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia; Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czechia.
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7
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Borankova K, Krchniakova M, Leck LYW, Kubistova A, Neradil J, Jansson PJ, Hogarty MD, Skoda J. Mitoribosomal synthetic lethality overcomes multidrug resistance in MYC-driven neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:747. [PMID: 37973789 PMCID: PMC10654511 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central for cancer responses to therapy-induced stress signals. Refractory tumors often show attenuated sensitivity to apoptotic signaling, yet clinically relevant molecular actors to target mitochondria-mediated resistance remain elusive. Here, we show that MYC-driven neuroblastoma cells rely on intact mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) processivity and undergo cell death following pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial translation, regardless of their multidrug/mitochondrial resistance and stem-like phenotypes. Mechanistically, inhibiting mitoribosomes induced the mitochondrial stress-activated integrated stress response (ISR), leading to downregulation of c-MYC/N-MYC proteins prior to neuroblastoma cell death, which could be both rescued by the ISR inhibitor ISRIB. The ISR blocks global protein synthesis and shifted the c-MYC/N-MYC turnover toward proteasomal degradation. Comparing models of various neuroectodermal tumors and normal fibroblasts revealed overexpression of MYC proteins phosphorylated at the degradation-promoting site T58 as a factor that predetermines vulnerability of MYC-driven neuroblastoma to mitoribosome inhibition. Reducing N-MYC levels in a neuroblastoma model with tunable MYCN expression mitigated cell death induction upon inhibition of mitochondrial translation and functionally validated the propensity of neuroblastoma cells for MYC-dependent cell death in response to the mitochondrial ISR. Notably, neuroblastoma cells failed to develop significant resistance to the mitoribosomal inhibitor doxycycline over a long-term repeated (pulsed) selection. Collectively, we identify mitochondrial translation machinery as a novel synthetic lethality target for multidrug-resistant MYC-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Borankova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Krchniakova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lionel Y W Leck
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Adela Kubistova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
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8
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Altiner P, Çınaroğlu SS, Timucin AC, Timucin E. Computational completion of the Aurora interaction region of N-Myc in the Aurora a kinase complex. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18399. [PMID: 37884585 PMCID: PMC10603048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting protein-protein interactions of the Myc family is a viable pharmacological strategy for modulation of the levels of Myc oncoproteins in cancer. Aurora A kinase (AurA) and N-Myc interaction is one of the most attractive targets of this strategy because formation of this complex blocks proteasomal degradation of N-Myc in neuroblastoma. Two crystallization studies have captured this complex (PDB IDs: 5g1x, 7ztl), partially resolving the AurA interaction region (AIR) of N-Myc. Prompted by the missing N-Myc fragment in these crystal structures, we modeled the complete structure between AurA and N-Myc, and comprehensively analyzed how the incomplete and complete N-Myc behave in complex by molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations of the incomplete PDB complex (5g1x) repeatedly showed partial dissociation of the short N-Myc fragment (61-89) from the kinase. The missing N-Myc (19-60) fragment was modeled utilizing the N-terminal lobe of AurA as the protein-protein interaction surface, wherein TPX2, a well-known partner of AurA, also binds. Binding free energy calculations along with flexibility analysis confirmed that the complete AIR of N-Myc stabilizes the complex, accentuating the N-terminal lobe of AurA as a binding site for the missing N-Myc fragment (19-60). We further generated additional models consisting of only the missing N-Myc (19-60), and the fused form of TPX2 (7-43) and N-Myc (61-89). These partners also formed more stable interactions with the N-terminal lobe of AurA than did the incomplete N-Myc fragment (61-89) in the 5g1x complex. Altogether, this study provides structural insights into the involvement of the N-terminus of the AIR of N-Myc and the N-terminal lobe of AurA in formation of a stable complex, reflecting its potential for effective targeting of N-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Altiner
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31077, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ahmet Can Timucin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem University, 34752, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emel Timucin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, 34752, Istanbul, Turkey.
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9
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Nishio Y, Kato K, Tran Mau-Them F, Futagawa H, Quélin C, Masuda S, Vitobello A, Otsuji S, Shawki HH, Oishi H, Thauvin-Robinet C, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K, Takahashi Y, Saitoh S. Gain-of-function MYCN causes a megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome manifesting mirror phenotypes of Feingold syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100238. [PMID: 37710961 PMCID: PMC10550848 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN, a member of the MYC proto-oncogene family, regulates cell growth and proliferation. Somatic mutations of MYCN are identified in various tumors, and germline loss-of-function variants are responsible for Feingold syndrome, characterized by microcephaly. In contrast, one megalencephalic patient with a gain-of-function variant in MYCN, p.Thr58Met, has been reported, and additional patients and pathophysiological analysis are required to establish the disease entity. Herein, we report two unrelated megalencephalic patients with polydactyly harboring MYCN variants of p.Pro60Leu and Thr58Met, along with the analysis of gain-of-function and loss-of-function Mycn mouse models. Functional analyses for MYCN-Pro60Leu and MYCN-Thr58Met revealed decreased phosphorylation at Thr58, which reduced protein degradation mediated by FBXW7 ubiquitin ligase. The gain-of-function mouse model recapitulated the human phenotypes of megalencephaly and polydactyly, while brain analyses revealed excess proliferation of intermediate neural precursors during neurogenesis, which we determined to be the pathomechanism underlying megalencephaly. Interestingly, the kidney and female reproductive tract exhibited overt morphological anomalies, possibly as a result of excess proliferation during organogenesis. In conclusion, we confirm an MYCN gain-of-function-induced megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome, which shows a mirror phenotype of Feingold syndrome, and reveal that MYCN plays a crucial proliferative role, not only in the context of tumorigenesis, but also organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hiroshi Futagawa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, 35200 Rennes, France
| | - Saori Masuda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Shiomi Otsuji
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hossam H Shawki
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs", Centre de Génétique, FHU TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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10
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Zhang X, Cong X, Jin X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Fan X, Shi X, Zhang X, Wang X, Yang YG, Dai X. Deficiency of BAP1 inhibits neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through destabilization of MYCN. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:504. [PMID: 37543638 PMCID: PMC10404282 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYCN is frequently amplified and overexpressed in a variety of cancers including high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Therefore, MYCN is being pursued as an attractive therapeutic target for selective inhibition of its upstream regulators because MYCN is considered a "undruggable" target. Thus, it is important to explore the upstream regulators for the transcription and post-translational modification of MYCN. Here, we report that BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) promotes deubiquitination and subsequent stabilization of MYCN by directly binding to MYCN protein. Furthermore, BAP1 knockdown inhibits NB tumor cells growth and migration in vitro and in vivo, which can be rescued partially by ectopic expression of MYCN. Importantly, depletion of BAP1 confers cellular resistance to bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitor JQ1 and Aurora A kinase inhibitor Alisertib. Furthermore, IHC results of NB tissue array confirmed the positive correlation between BAP1 and MYCN protein. Altogether, our work not only uncovers an oncogenic function of BAP1 by stabilizing MYCN, but also reveals a critical mechanism for the post-translational regulation of MYCN in NB. Our findings further indicate that BAP1 could be a potential therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Cheng C, He T, Chen K, Cai Y, Gu Y, Pan L, Duan P, Wu Y, Wu Z. P300 Interacted With N-Myc and Regulated Its Protein Stability via Altering Its Post-Translational Modifications in Neuroblastoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100504. [PMID: 36708875 PMCID: PMC9984901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB), but its protein product cannot be directly targeted because of protein structure. Thus, this study aimed to explore novel ways to indirectly target N-Myc by regulating its post-translational modifications (PTMs) and therefore protein stability. N-Myc coimmunoprecipitation combined with HPLC-MS/MS identified 16 PTM residues and 114 potential N-Myc-interacting proteins. Notably, both acetylation and ubiquitination were identified on lysine 199 of N-Myc. We then discovered that p300, which can interact with N-Myc, modulated the protein stability of N-Myc in MYCN-amplified NB cell lines and simultaneously regulated the acetylation level and ubiquitination level on lysine-199 of N-Myc protein in vitro. Furthermore, p300 correlated with poor prognosis in NB patients. Taken together, p300 can be considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat MYCN-amplified NB patients, and other identified PTMs and interacting proteins also provide potential targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxia Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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13
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Asami M, Lam BYH, Hoffmann M, Suzuki T, Lu X, Yoshida N, Ma MK, Rainbow K, Gužvić M, VerMilyea MD, Yeo GSH, Klein CA, Perry ACF. A program of successive gene expression in mouse one-cell embryos. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112023. [PMID: 36729835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At the moment of union in fertilization, sperm and oocyte are transcriptionally silent. The ensuing onset of embryonic transcription (embryonic genome activation [EGA]) is critical for development, yet its timing and profile remain elusive in any vertebrate species. We here dissect transcription during EGA by high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing of precisely synchronized mouse one-cell embryos. This reveals a program of embryonic gene expression (immediate EGA [iEGA]) initiating within 4 h of fertilization. Expression during iEGA produces canonically spliced transcripts, occurs substantially from the maternal genome, and is mostly downregulated at the two-cell stage. Transcribed genes predict regulation by transcription factors (TFs) associated with cancer, including c-Myc. Blocking c-Myc or other predicted regulatory TF activities disrupts iEGA and induces acute developmental arrest. These findings illuminate intracellular mechanisms that regulate the onset of mammalian development and hold promise for the study of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Asami
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin Hoffmann
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Marcella K Ma
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kara Rainbow
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Miodrag Gužvić
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D VerMilyea
- Embryology and Andrology Laboratories, Ovation Fertility Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Christoph A Klein
- Project Group Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Regensburg, Germany; Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anthony C F Perry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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14
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Soh JEC, Shimizu A, Molla MR, Zankov DP, Nguyen LKC, Khan MR, Tesega WW, Chen S, Tojo M, Ito Y, Sato A, Hitosugi M, Miyagawa S, Ogita H. RhoA rescues cardiac senescence by regulating Parkin-mediated mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102993. [PMID: 36758801 PMCID: PMC10020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. RhoA, a small GTPase, governs actin dynamics in various tissue and cell types, including cardiomyocytes; however, its involvement in cardiac function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we generated cardiomyocyte-specific RhoA conditional knockout (cKO) mice, which demonstrated a significantly shorter lifespan with left ventricular dilation and severely impaired ejection fraction. We found that the cardiac tissues of the cKO mice exhibited structural disorganization with fibrosis and also exhibited enhanced senescence compared with control mice. In addition, we show that cardiomyocyte mitochondria were structurally abnormal in the aged cKO hearts. Clearance of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy was remarkably inhibited in both cKO cardiomyocytes and RhoA-knockdown HL-1 cultured cardiomyocytes. In RhoA-depleted cardiomyocytes, we reveal that the expression of Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a crucial role in mitophagy, was reduced, and expression of N-Myc, a negative regulator of Parkin, was increased. We further reveal that the RhoA-Rho kinase axis induced N-Myc phosphorylation, which led to N-Myc degradation and Parkin upregulation. Re-expression of Parkin in RhoA-depleted cardiomyocytes restored mitophagy, reduced mitochondrial damage, attenuated cardiomyocyte senescence, and rescued cardiac function both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy without causal mutations for dilated cardiomyopathy showed reduced cardiac expression of RhoA and Parkin. These results suggest that RhoA promotes Parkin-mediated mitophagy as an indispensable mechanism contributing to cardioprotection in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Md Rasel Molla
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Le Kim Chi Nguyen
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Wondwossen Wale Tesega
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Misa Tojo
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahito Hitosugi
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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15
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Kuzuoglu-Ozturk D, Aksoy O, Schmidt C, Lea R, Larson JD, Phelps RRL, Nasholm N, Holt M, Contreras A, Huang M, Wong-Michalak S, Shao H, Wechsler-Reya R, Phillips JJ, Gestwicki JE, Ruggero D, Weiss WA. N-myc-Mediated Translation Control Is a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:130-140. [PMID: 36264168 PMCID: PMC9812901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of neuroblastoma-derived myc (N-myc) is a leading cause of malignant brain tumors in children. To target N-myc-driven medulloblastoma, most research has focused on identifying genomic alterations or on the analysis of the medulloblastoma transcriptome. Here, we have broadly characterized the translatome of medulloblastoma and shown that N-myc unexpectedly drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis. Cancer cells are constantly exposed to proteotoxic stress associated with alterations in protein production or folding. It remains poorly understood how cancers cope with proteotoxic stress to promote their growth. Here, our data revealed that N-myc regulates the expression of specific components (∼5%) of the protein folding machinery at the translational level through the major cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E. Reducing eIF4E levels in mouse models of medulloblastoma blocked tumorigenesis. Importantly, targeting Hsp70, a protein folding chaperone translationally regulated by N-myc, suppressed tumor growth in mouse and human medulloblastoma xenograft models. These findings reveal a previously hidden molecular program that promotes medulloblastoma formation and identify new therapies that may have impact in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE Translatome analysis in medulloblastoma shows that N-myc drives selective translation of transcripts that promote protein homeostasis and that represent new therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kuzuoglu-Ozturk
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ozlem Aksoy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christin Schmidt
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robin Lea
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Larson
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan R L Phelps
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicole Nasholm
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Megan Holt
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrian Contreras
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Miller Huang
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shannon Wong-Michalak
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisca, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Perry ACF, Asami M, Lam BYH, Yeo GSH. The initiation of mammalian embryonic transcription: to begin at the beginning. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:365-373. [PMID: 36182534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gamete (sperm and oocyte) genomes are transcriptionally silent until embryonic genome activation (EGA) following fertilization. EGA in humans had been thought to occur around the eight-cell stage, but recent findings suggest that it is triggered in one-cell embryos, by fertilization. Phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications during fertilization may instate transcriptionally favorable chromatin and activate oocyte-derived transcription factors (TFs) to initiate EGA. Expressed genes lay on cancer-associated pathways and their identities predict upregulation by MYC and other cancer-associated TFs. One interpretation of this is that the onset of EGA, and the somatic cell trajectory to cancer, are mechanistically related: cancer initiates epigenetically. We describe how fertilization might be linked to the initiation of EGA and involve distinctive processes recapitulated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C F Perry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Maki Asami
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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17
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Abstract
"De novo" genes evolve from previously non-genic DNA. This strikes many of us as remarkable, because it seems extraordinarily unlikely that random sequence would produce a functional gene. How is this possible? In this two-part review, I first summarize what is known about the origins and molecular functions of the small number of de novo genes for which such information is available. I then speculate on what these examples may tell us about how de novo genes manage to emerge despite what seem like enormous opposing odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Weisman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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18
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Huang M, Liu C, Shao Y, Zhou S, Hu G, Yin S, Pu W, Yu H. Anti-tumor pharmacology of natural products targeting mitosis. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0006. [PMID: 35699421 PMCID: PMC9257311 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been an insurmountable problem in the history of medical science. The uncontrollable proliferation of cancer cells is one of cancer’s main characteristics, which is closely associated with abnormal mitosis. Targeting mitosis is an effective method for cancer treatment. This review summarizes several natural products with anti-tumor effects related to mitosis, focusing on targeting microtubulin, inducing DNA damage, and modulating mitosis-associated kinases. Furthermore, the main disadvantages of several typical compounds, including drug resistance, toxicity to non-tumor tissues, and poor aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, are also discussed, together with strategies to address them. Improved understanding of cancer cell mitosis and natural products may pave the way to drug development for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Gaoyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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19
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Wang W, Shiraishi R, Kawauchi D. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cerebellar Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864035. [PMID: 35573667 PMCID: PMC9100414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulates the development of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Aberrant regulation of SHH signaling pathways often causes neurodevelopmental diseases and brain tumors. In the cerebellum, SHH secreted by Purkinje cells is a potent mitogen for granule cell progenitors, which are the most abundant cell type in the mature brain. While a reduction in SHH signaling induces cerebellar structural abnormalities, such as hypoplasia in various genetic disorders, the constitutive activation of SHH signaling often induces medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common pediatric malignant brain tumors. Based on the existing literature on canonical and non-canonical SHH signaling pathways, emerging basic and clinical studies are exploring novel therapeutic approaches for MB by targeting SHH signaling at distinct molecular levels. In this review, we discuss the present consensus on SHH signaling mechanisms, their roles in cerebellar development and tumorigenesis, and the recent advances in clinical trials for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Kawauchi,
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20
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Asami M, Lam BYH, Ma MK, Rainbow K, Braun S, VerMilyea MD, Yeo GSH, Perry ACF. Human embryonic genome activation initiates at the one-cell stage. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:209-216.e4. [PMID: 34936886 PMCID: PMC8826644 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In human embryos, the initiation of transcription (embryonic genome activation [EGA]) occurs by the eight-cell stage, but its exact timing and profile are unclear. To address this, we profiled gene expression at depth in human metaphase II oocytes and bipronuclear (2PN) one-cell embryos. High-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing revealed previously inaccessible oocyte-to-embryo gene expression changes. This confirmed transcript depletion following fertilization (maternal RNA degradation) but also uncovered low-magnitude upregulation of hundreds of spliced transcripts. Gene expression analysis predicted embryonic processes including cell-cycle progression and chromosome maintenance as well as transcriptional activators that included cancer-associated gene regulators. Transcription was disrupted in abnormal monopronuclear (1PN) and tripronuclear (3PN) one-cell embryos. These findings indicate that human embryonic transcription initiates at the one-cell stage, sooner than previously thought. The pattern of gene upregulation promises to illuminate processes involved at the onset of human development, with implications for epigenetic inheritance, stem-cell-derived embryos, and cancer. Gene expression initiates at the one-cell stage in human embryos Expression is of low magnitude but remains elevated until the eight-cell stage Upregulated transcripts are spliced and correspond to embryonic processes Upregulation is disrupted in morphologically abnormal one-cell embryos
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Asami
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
| | - Marcella K Ma
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
| | - Kara Rainbow
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
| | - Stefanie Braun
- Ovation Fertility Austin, Embryology and Andrology Laboratories, Austin, TX 78731, USA
| | - Matthew D VerMilyea
- Ovation Fertility Austin, Embryology and Andrology Laboratories, Austin, TX 78731, USA.
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England.
| | - Anthony C F Perry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England.
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21
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PHA-680626 Is an Effective Inhibitor of the Interaction between Aurora-A and N-Myc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313122. [PMID: 34884931 PMCID: PMC8658095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a severe childhood disease, accounting for ~10% of all infant cancers. The amplification of the MYCN gene, coding for the N-Myc transcription factor, is an essential marker correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. In neuroblastoma cells, the mitotic kinase Aurora-A (AURKA), also frequently overexpressed in cancer, prevents N-Myc degradation by directly binding to a highly conserved N-Myc region. As a result, elevated levels of N-Myc are observed. During recent years, it has been demonstrated that some ATP competitive inhibitors of AURKA also cause essential conformational changes in the structure of the activation loop of the kinase that prevents N-Myc binding, thus impairing the formation of the AURKA/N-Myc complex. In this study, starting from a screening of crystal structures of AURKA in complexes with known inhibitors, we identified additional compounds affecting the conformation of the kinase activation loop. We assessed the ability of such compounds to disrupt the interaction between AURKA and N-Myc in vitro, using Surface Plasmon Resonance competition assays, and in tumor cell lines overexpressing MYCN, by performing Proximity Ligation Assays. Finally, their effects on N-Myc cellular levels and cell viability were investigated. Our results identify PHA-680626 as an amphosteric inhibitor both in vitro and in MYCN overexpressing cell lines, thus expanding the repertoire of known conformational disrupting inhibitors of the AURKA/N-Myc complex and confirming that altering the conformation of the activation loop of AURKA with a small molecule is an effective strategy to destabilize the AURKA/N-Myc interaction in neuroblastoma cancer cells.
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22
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Dorel M, Klinger B, Mari T, Toedling J, Blanc E, Messerschmidt C, Nadler-Holly M, Ziehm M, Sieber A, Hertwig F, Beule D, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Selbach M, Blüthgen N. Neuroblastoma signalling models unveil combination therapies targeting feedback-mediated resistance. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009515. [PMID: 34735429 PMCID: PMC8604339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Very high risk neuroblastoma is characterised by increased MAPK signalling, and targeting MAPK signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy. We used a deeply characterised panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and found that the sensitivity to MEK inhibitors varied drastically between these cell lines. By generating quantitative perturbation data and mathematical modelling, we determined potential resistance mechanisms. We found that negative feedbacks within MAPK signalling and via the IGF receptor mediate re-activation of MAPK signalling upon treatment in resistant cell lines. By using cell-line specific models, we predict that combinations of MEK inhibitors with RAF or IGFR inhibitors can overcome resistance, and tested these predictions experimentally. In addition, phospho-proteomic profiling confirmed the cell-specific feedback effects and synergy of MEK and IGFR targeted treatment. Our study shows that a quantitative understanding of signalling and feedback mechanisms facilitated by models can help to develop and optimise therapeutic strategies. Our findings should be considered for the planning of future clinical trials introducing MEKi in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Dorel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mari
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Toedling
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Oncology and Haematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Ziehm
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Sieber
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Oncology and Haematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Oncology and Haematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Oncology and Haematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences and Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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23
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Liguori NR, Lee Y, Borges W, Zhou L, Azzoli C, El-Deiry WS. Absence of Biomarker-Driven Treatment Options in Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Selected Preclinical Candidates for Next Generation Combination Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:747180. [PMID: 34531756 PMCID: PMC8438120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.747180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancers. In SCLC, more than other malignancies, the standard of care is based on clinical demonstration of efficacy, and less on a mechanistic understanding of why certain treatments work better than others. This is in large part due to the virulence of the disease, and lack of clinically or biologically relevant biomarkers beyond routine histopathology. While first line therapies work in the majority of patients with extensive stage disease, development of resistance is nearly universal. Although neuroendocrine features, Rb and p53 mutations are common, the current lack of actionable biomarkers has made it difficult to develop more effective treatments. Some progress has been made with the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are new agents, such as lurbinectedin, that have completed late-phase clinical testing while other agents are still in the pre-clinical phase. ONC201/TIC10 is an imipridone with strong in vivo and in vitro antitumor properties and activity against neuroendocrine tumors in phase 1 clinical testing. ONC201 activates the cellular integrated stress response and induces the TRAIL pro-apoptotic pathway. Combination treatment of lurbinectedin with ONC201 are currently being investigated in preclinical studies that may facilitate translation into clinical trials for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Liguori
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Young Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William Borges
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Christopher Azzoli
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Cancer Center at Brown University, Thoracic Oncology, Providence, RI, United States
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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24
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Mani S, Radhakrishnan S, Cheramangalam RN, Harkar S, Rajendran S, Ramanan N. Shh-Mediated Increase in β-Catenin Levels Maintains Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitors in Proliferation. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:645-664. [PMID: 32495183 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) give rise to the cerebellar granule neurons in the developing cerebellum. Generation of large number of these neurons is made possible by the high proliferation rate of CGNPs in the external granule layer (EGL) in the dorsal cerebellum. Here, we show that upregulation of β-catenin can maintain murine CGNPs in a state of proliferation. Further, we show that β-catenin mRNA and protein levels can be regulated by the mitogen Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Shh signaling led to an increase in the level of the transcription factor N-myc. N-myc was found to bind the β-catenin promoter, and the increase in β-catenin mRNA and protein levels could be prevented by blocking N-myc upregulation downstream of Shh signaling. Furthermore, blocking Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling by Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1) in the presence of Shh did not prevent the upregulation of β-catenin. We propose that in culture, Shh signaling regulates β-catenin expression through N-myc and results in increased CGNP proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Mani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India. .,Curadev Pharma, Pvt. Ltd., B-87, Sector 83, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201305, India. .,Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, F-75019, Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Shalini Harkar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Samyutha Rajendran
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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25
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Shrestha S, Morcavallo A, Gorrini C, Chesler L. Biological Role of MYCN in Medulloblastoma: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges Ahead. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694320. [PMID: 34195095 PMCID: PMC8236857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive and dysregulated expression of the transcription factor MYCN has a central role in the pathogenesis of the paediatric brain tumour medulloblastoma, with an increased expression of this oncogene correlating with a worse prognosis. Consequently, the genomic and functional alterations of MYCN represent a major therapeutic target to attenuate tumour growth in medulloblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive synopsis of the biological role of MYCN and its family components, their interaction with distinct signalling pathways, and the implications of this network in medulloblastoma development. We will then summarise the current toolbox for targeting MYCN and highlight novel therapeutic avenues that have the potential to results in better-tailored clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Shrestha
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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26
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Yi JS, Sias-Garcia O, Nasholm N, Hu X, Iniguez AB, Hall MD, Davis M, Guha R, Moreno-Smith M, Barbieri E, Duong K, Koach J, Qi J, Bradner JE, Stegmaier K, Weiss WA, Gustafson WC. The synergy of BET inhibitors with aurora A kinase inhibitors in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is heightened with functional TP53. Neoplasia 2021; 23:624-633. [PMID: 34107377 PMCID: PMC8192452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of MYCN is a poor prognostic feature in neuroblastoma (NBL) indicating aggressive disease. We and others have shown BET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) target MYCN indirectly by downregulating its transcription. Here we sought to identify agents that synergize with BETi and to identify biomarkers of resistance. We previously performed a viability screen of ∼1,900 oncology-focused compounds combined with BET bromodomain inhibitors against MYCN-amplified NBL cell lines. Reanalysis of our screening results prominently identified inhibitors of aurora kinase A (AURKAi) to be highly synergistic with BETi. We confirmed the anti-proliferative effects of several BETi+AURKAi combinations in MYCN-amplified NBL cell lines. Compared to single agents, these combinations cooperated to decrease levels of N-myc. We treated both TP53-wild type and mutant, MYCN-amplified cell lines with the BETi JQ1 and the AURKAi Alisertib. The combination had improved efficacy in the TP53-WT context, notably driving apoptosis in both genetic backgrounds. JQ1+Alisertib combination treatment of a MYCN-amplified, TP53-null or TP53-restored genetically engineered mouse model of NBL prolonged survival better than either single agent. This was most profound with TP53 restored, with marked tumor shrinkage and apoptosis induction in response to combination JQ1+Alisertib. BETi+AURKAi in MYCN-amplified NBL, particularly in the context of functional TP53, provided anti-tumor benefits in preclinical models. This combination should be studied more closely in a pediatric clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Oscar Sias-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Nasholm
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Balboni Iniguez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mindy Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Myrthala Moreno-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Koach
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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27
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Naso FD, Boi D, Ascanelli C, Pamfil G, Lindon C, Paiardini A, Guarguaglini G. Nuclear localisation of Aurora-A: its regulation and significance for Aurora-A functions in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:3917-3928. [PMID: 33981003 PMCID: PMC8195736 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora-A kinase regulates cell division, by controlling centrosome biology and spindle assembly. Cancer cells often display elevated levels of the kinase, due to amplification of the gene locus, increased transcription or post-translational modifications. Several inhibitors of Aurora-A activity have been developed as anti-cancer agents and are under evaluation in clinical trials. Although the well-known mitotic roles of Aurora-A point at chromosomal instability, a hallmark of cancer, as a major link between Aurora-A overexpression and disease, recent evidence highlights the existence of non-mitotic functions of potential relevance. Here we focus on a nuclear-localised fraction of Aurora-A with oncogenic roles. Interestingly, this pool would identify not only non-mitotic, but also kinase-independent functions of the kinase. We review existing data in the literature and databases, examining potential links between Aurora-A stabilisation and localisation, and discuss them in the perspective of a more effective targeting of Aurora-A in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Davide Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dalila Boi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Georgiana Pamfil
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Liu Z, Chen SS, Clarke S, Veschi V, Thiele CJ. Targeting MYCN in Pediatric and Adult Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623679. [PMID: 33628735 PMCID: PMC7898977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the MYC family of oncogenes, including c-MYC, MYCN and MYCL occurs in many types of cancers, and is frequently associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of functional studies have focused on c-MYC due to its broad expression profile in human cancers. The existence of highly conserved functional domains between MYCN and c-MYC suggests that MYCN participates in similar activities. MYC encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) whose central oncogenic role in many human cancers makes it a highly desirable therapeutic target. Historically, as a TF, MYC has been regarded as “undruggable”. Thus, recent efforts focus on investigating methods to indirectly target MYC to achieve anti-tumor effects. This review will primarily summarize the recent progress in understanding the function of MYCN. It will explore efforts at targeting MYCN, including strategies aimed at suppression of MYCN transcription, destabilization of MYCN protein, inhibition of MYCN transcriptional activity, repression of MYCN targets and utilization of MYCN overexpression dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saki Clarke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Liu R, Shi P, Wang Z, Yuan C, Cui H. Molecular Mechanisms of MYCN Dysregulation in Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:625332. [PMID: 33614505 PMCID: PMC7886978 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.625332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN, a member of MYC proto-oncogene family, encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor N-MYC. Abnormal expression of N-MYC is correlated with high-risk cancers and poor prognosis. Initially identified as an amplified oncogene in neuroblastoma in 1983, the oncogenic effect of N-MYC is expanded to multiple neuronal and nonneuronal tumors. Direct targeting N-MYC remains challenge due to its "undruggable" features. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches for targeting MYCN-driven tumors have been focused on the disruption of transcription, translation, protein stability as well as synthetic lethality of MYCN. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of MYCN dysregulation in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China
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Borgenvik A, Čančer M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. Targeting MYCN in Molecularly Defined Malignant Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 10:626751. [PMID: 33585252 PMCID: PMC7877538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.626751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of MYC genes, causing MYC overexpression or protein stabilization, is frequently found in malignant brain tumors highlighting their important roles as oncogenes. Brain tumors in children are the most lethal of all pediatric malignancies and the most common malignant primary adult brain tumor, glioblastoma, is still practically incurable. MYCN is one of three MYC family members and is crucial for normal brain development. It is associated with poor prognosis in many malignant pediatric brain tumor types and is focally amplified in specific adult brain tumors. Targeting MYCN has proved to be challenging due to its undruggable nature as a transcription factor and for its importance in regulating developmental programs also in healthy cells. In this review, we will discuss efforts made to circumvent the difficulty of targeting MYCN specifically by using direct or indirect measures to treat MYCN-driven brain tumors. We will further consider the mechanism of action of these measures and suggest which molecularly defined brain tumor patients that might benefit from MYCN-directed precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Use of the Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor centrinone to investigate intracellular signalling networks using SILAC-based phosphoproteomics. Biochem J 2020; 477:2451-2475. [PMID: 32501498 PMCID: PMC7338032 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is the master regulator of centriole duplication in metazoan organisms. Catalytic activity and protein turnover of PLK4 are tightly coupled in human cells, since changes in PLK4 concentration and catalysis have profound effects on centriole duplication and supernumerary centrosomes, which are associated with aneuploidy and cancer. Recently, PLK4 has been targeted with a variety of small molecule kinase inhibitors exemplified by centrinone, which rapidly induces inhibitory effects on PLK4 and leads to on-target centrosome depletion. Despite this, relatively few PLK4 substrates have been identified unequivocally in human cells, and PLK4 signalling outside centriolar networks remains poorly characterised. We report an unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative analysis of cellular protein phosphorylation in stable PLK4-expressing U2OS human cells exposed to centrinone. PLK4 phosphorylation was itself sensitive to brief exposure to the compound, resulting in PLK4 stabilisation. Analysing asynchronous cell populations, we report hundreds of centrinone-regulated cellular phosphoproteins, including centrosomal and cell cycle proteins and a variety of likely 'non-canonical' substrates. Surprisingly, sequence interrogation of ∼300 significantly down-regulated phosphoproteins reveals an extensive network of centrinone-sensitive [Ser/Thr]Pro phosphorylation sequence motifs, which based on our analysis might be either direct or indirect targets of PLK4. In addition, we confirm that NMYC and PTPN12 are PLK4 substrates, both in vitro and in human cells. Our findings suggest that PLK4 catalytic output directly controls the phosphorylation of a diverse set of cellular proteins, including Pro-directed targets that are likely to be important in PLK4-mediated cell signalling.
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Suenaga Y, Nakatani K, Nakagawara A. De novo evolved gene product NCYM in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of human neuroblastomas and other cancers. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:839-846. [PMID: 32577751 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NCYM is an antisense transcript of MYCN oncogene and promotes tumor progression. NCYM encodes a de novo protein whose open reading frame evolved from noncoding genomic regions in the ancestor of Homininae. Because of its topology, NCYM is always co-amplified with MYCN oncogene, and the mutual regulations between NCYM and MYCN maintain their expressions at high levels in MYCN-amplified tumors. NCYM stabilizes MYCN by inhibiting GSK3β, whereas MYCN stimulates transcription of both NCYM and MYCN. NCYM mRNA and its noncoding transcript variants MYCNOS have been shown to stimulate MYCN expression via direct binding to MYCN promoter, indicating that both coding and noncoding transcripts of NCYM induce MYCN expression. In contrast to the noncoding functions of NCYM, NCYM protein also promotes calpain-mediated cleavage of c-MYC. The cleaved product called Myc-nick inhibits cell death and promotes cancer cell migration. Furthermore, NCYM-mediated inhibition of GSK3β results in the stabilization of β-catenin, which promotes aggressiveness of bladder cancers. These MYCN-independent functions of NCYM showed their clinical significance in MYCN-non-amplified tumors, including adult tumors. This year is the 30th anniversary of the identification of NCYM/MYCNOS gene. On this special occasion, we summarize the current understanding of molecular functions and the clinical significance of NCYM and discuss future directions to achieve therapeutic strategies targeting NCYM.
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Hanan EJ, Liang J, Wang X, Blake RA, Blaquiere N, Staben ST. Monomeric Targeted Protein Degraders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11330-11361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Becker S, Kiecke C, Schäfer E, Sinzig U, Deuper L, Trigo-Mourino P, Griesinger C, Koch R, Rydzynska Z, Chapuy B, von Bonin F, Kube D, Venkataramani V, Bohnenberger H, Leha A, Flach J, Dierks S, Bastians H, Maruschak B, Bojarczuk K, Taveira MDO, Trümper L, Wulf GM, Wulf GG. Destruction of a Microtubule-Bound MYC Reservoir during Mitosis Contributes to Vincristine's Anticancer Activity. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:859-872. [PMID: 32161139 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tightly regulated activity of the transcription factor MYC is essential for orderly cell proliferation. Upon deregulation, MYC elicits and promotes cancer progression. Proteasomal degradation is an essential element of MYC regulation, initiated by phosphorylation at Serine62 (Ser62) of the MB1 region. Here, we found that Ser62 phosphorylation peaks in mitosis, but that a fraction of nonphosphorylated MYC binds to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Consequently, the microtubule-destabilizing drug vincristine decreases wild-type MYC stability, whereas phosphorylation-deficient MYC is more stable, contributing to vincristine resistance and induction of polyploidy. PI3K inhibition attenuates postmitotic MYC formation and augments the cytotoxic effect of vincristine. IMPLICATIONS: The spindle's function as a docking site for MYC during mitosis may constitute a window of specific vulnerability to be exploited for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Becker
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Kiecke
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schäfer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Sinzig
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lena Deuper
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Trigo-Mourino
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany.,Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Raphael Koch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Rydzynska
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Flach
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Dierks
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Maruschak
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, BIDMC/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerald G Wulf
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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35
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Baluapuri A, Wolf E, Eilers M. Target gene-independent functions of MYC oncoproteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:255-267. [PMID: 32071436 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncoproteins of the MYC family are major drivers of human tumorigenesis. Since a large body of evidence indicates that MYC proteins are transcription factors, studying their function has focused on the biology of their target genes. Detailed studies of MYC-dependent changes in RNA levels have provided contrasting models of the oncogenic activity of MYC proteins through either enhancing or repressing the expression of specific target genes, or as global amplifiers of transcription. In this Review, we first summarize the biochemistry of MYC proteins and what is known (or is unclear) about the MYC target genes. We then discuss recent progress in defining the interactomes of MYC and MYCN and how this information affects central concepts of MYC biology, focusing on mechanisms by which MYC proteins modulate transcription. MYC proteins promote transcription termination upon stalling of RNA polymerase II, and we propose that this mechanism enhances the stress resilience of basal transcription. Furthermore, MYC proteins coordinate transcription elongation with DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Finally, we argue that the mechanism by which MYC proteins regulate the transcription machinery is likely to promote tumorigenesis independently of global or relative changes in the expression of their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Baluapuri
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
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Jiwani T, Kim JJ, Rosenblum ND. Suppressor of fused controls cerebellum granule cell proliferation by suppressing Fgf8 and spatially regulating Gli proteins. Development 2020; 147:dev.170274. [PMID: 31932349 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cell (GC) development relies on precise regulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh)-Gli signalling activity, failure of which is associated with motor disorders and medulloblastoma. Mutations in the pathway regulator suppressor of fused (Sufu), which modulates Gli activators and repressors, are linked to cerebellar dysfunction and tumourigenesis. The mechanism by which Sufu calibrates Shh signalling in GCs is unknown. Math1-Cre-mediated deletion of Sufu in mouse GC progenitors (GCPs) demonstrated that Sufu restricts GCP proliferation and promotes cell cycle exit, by promoting expression of Gli3R and suppressing Gli2 levels. Sufu is also required to promote a high threshold of pathway activity in GCPs. Remarkably, central cerebellar lobules are more deleteriously impacted by Sufu deletion, but are less sensitive to downstream genetic manipulations to reduce Gli2 expression or overexpress a Gli3R mimic, compared with anterior lobules. Transcriptome sequencing uncovered new Sufu targets, especially Fgf8, which is upregulated in Sufu-mutant GCPs. We demonstrate that Fgf8 is necessary and sufficient to drive Sufu-mutant GCP proliferation. This study reveals new insights into the spatial and temporal regulation of cerebellar Shh-Gli signalling, while uncovering new targets, such as Fgf8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Jiwani
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jinny J Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Sasada M, Iyoda T, Asayama T, Suenaga Y, Sakai S, Kase N, Kodama H, Yokoi S, Isohama Y, Fukai F. Inactivation of beta1 integrin induces proteasomal degradation of Myc oncoproteins. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4960-4972. [PMID: 31452837 PMCID: PMC6697639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC family oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) contribute to the genesis of many human cancers. Among them, amplification of the MYCN gene and over-expression of N-Myc protein are the most reliable risk factors in neuroblastoma patients. On the other hand, we previously found that a peptide derived from fibronectin, termed FNIII14, is capable of inducing functional inactivation in β1-integrins. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of β1-integrin by FNIII14 induced proteasomal degradation in N-Myc of neuroblastoma cells with MYCN amplification. This N-Myc degradation by FNIII14 reduced the malignant properties, including the anchorage-independent proliferation and invasive migration, of neuroblastoma cells. An in vivo experiment using a mouse xenograft model showed that the administration of FNIII14 can inhibit tumor growth, and concomitantly a remarkable decrease in N-Myc levels in tumor tissues. Of note, the activation of proteasomal degradation based on β1-integrin inactivation is applicable to another Myc family oncoprotein, c-myc, which also reverses cancer-associated properties in pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, β1-integrin inactivation could be a new chemotherapeutic strategy for cancers with highly expressed Myc. FNIII14, which is a unique pharmacological agent able to induce β1-integrin inactivation, may be a promising drug targeting Myc oncoproteins for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sasada
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda City, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Asayama
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kase
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sana Yokoi
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Isohama
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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CDK inhibitors reduce cell proliferation and reverse hypoxia-induced metastasis of neuroblastoma tumours in a chick embryo model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9136. [PMID: 31235824 PMCID: PMC6591221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer with a poor prognosis. This is in part due to widespread metastasis at time of presentation, which is refractory to current treatment modalities. New therapeutic agents that can control not only tumour growth but also metastasis are urgently needed. The differentiation therapy, retinoic acid, is currently used in clinic, leading to terminal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells thus reducing tumour growth in the primary tumour as well as at metastatic sites. However, retinoic acid only works in a subset of patients. We investigated the potential of CDK inhibitors, Palbociclib and RO-3306, on neuroblastoma cell differentiation, tumour progression and metastasis by utilising a 3R compliant cost effective preclinical chick embryo model. In both SK-N-AS and BE(2)C cell lines, when engrafted on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos, we observed a reduction of tumour cell proliferation as well as a reduction in hypoxia preconditioning-driven metastasis by 60%. In addition, the expression of a panel of genes with known roles in metastasis, which increased upon hypoxia-preconditioning, was largely reduced by a CDK1 inhibitor. These results provide a promising alternative to currently existing therapies and might aid the development of new treatment protocols for retinoic acid-resistant patients.
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Lee ACL, Shih YY, Zhou F, Chao TC, Lee H, Liao YF, Hsu WM, Hong JH. Calreticulin regulates MYCN expression to control neuronal differentiation and stemness of neuroblastoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:325-339. [PMID: 30612140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic N-MYC (MYCN) is widely used as a biomarker in clinics for neuroblastoma (NB) patients; nevertheless, mechanism that underlines MYCN regulation remains elusive. In the present study, we identified calreticulin (CRT) as a novel MYCN suppressor that downregulated MYCN promoter activity and protein expression to modulate neuronal differentiation and stemness. Our data showed that CRT-mediated MYCN suppression led to increased neurite length and commensurate elevation in differentiation marker GAP-43. We examined effect of radiotherapy and discovered that ionizing radiation (IR) was able to augment CRT expression dose-dependently in NB. Interestingly, neuronal differentiation and neurosphere formation (NSF) of NB were not only co-modulated by IR and CRT but were also dependent on Ca2+-buffering domain (C-domain) of CRT. Mutagenesis analysis showed that C-domain was indispensable for CRT-mediated MYCN regulation in NB differentiation and NSF. Of note, IR-induced formation of neural stem-like neurospheres (NS) was significantly impaired in CRT-overexpressed NB cells. The occupancy of CRT on MYCN 5' proximal promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, revealing potential CRT binding sites that coincided with transcription factor E2F1 binding elements. In addition, we identified a physical interaction between CRT and E2F1, and demonstrated that CRT occupancy on MYCN promoter prevented E2F1-mediated MYCN upregulation. In line with in vitro findings, hampered tumor latency and retarded tumor growth in xenograft model corroborated IR and CRT co-mediated neuronal differentiation of NB. Together, our data delineated a novel mechanism of CRT-mediated MYCN regulation and warranted further preclinical investigation towards new therapeutic strategy for NB. CRT suppresses MYCN expression and promotes neuronal differentiation in NB. CRT regulates MYCN via interaction with E2F1 and direct binding to MYCN promoter. Ca2+-buffering domain of CRT is critical in MYCN regulation and NB differentiation. CRT-MYCN axis impacts on NB stemness by modulating neurosphere formation. Xenograft model corroborates in vitro NB differentiation mediated by CRT and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chi-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsi-Chian Chao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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40
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Kato K, Miya F, Hamada N, Negishi Y, Narumi-Kishimoto Y, Ozawa H, Ito H, Hori I, Hattori A, Okamoto N, Kato M, Tsunoda T, Kanemura Y, Kosaki K, Takahashi Y, Nagata KI, Saitoh S. MYCN de novo gain-of-function mutation in a patient with a novel megalencephaly syndrome. J Med Genet 2018; 56:388-395. [PMID: 30573562 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to identify the gene abnormality responsible for pathogenicity in an individual with an undiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder with megalencephaly, ventriculomegaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, intellectual disability, polydactyly and neuroblastoma. We then explored the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Trio-based, whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify disease-causing gene mutation. Biochemical and cell biological analyses were carried out to elucidate the pathophysiological significance of the identified gene mutation. RESULTS We identified a heterozygous missense mutation (c.173C>T; p.Thr58Met) in the MYCN gene, at the Thr58 phosphorylation site essential for ubiquitination and subsequent MYCN degradation. The mutant MYCN (MYCN-T58M) was non-phosphorylatable at Thr58 and subsequently accumulated in cells and appeared to induce CCND1 and CCND2 expression in neuronal progenitor and stem cells in vitro. Overexpression of Mycn mimicking the p.Thr58Met mutation also promoted neuronal cell proliferation, and affected neuronal cell migration during corticogenesis in mouse embryos. CONCLUSIONS We identified a de novo c.173C>T mutation in MYCN which leads to stabilisation and accumulation of the MYCN protein, leading to prolonged CCND1 and CCND2 expression. This may promote neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex, leading to megalencephaly. While loss-of-function mutations in MYCN are known to cause Feingold syndrome, this is the first report of a germline gain-of-function mutation in MYCN identified in a patient with a novel megalencephaly syndrome similar to, but distinct from, CCND2-related megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome. The data obtained here provide new insight into the critical role of MYCN in brain development, as well as the consequences of MYCN defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Hamada
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Negishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimada Ryoiku Center Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikumi Hori
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Nobiletin Enhances Chemosensitivity to Adriamycin through Modulation of the Akt/GSK3β/β⁻Catenin/MYCN/MRP1 Signaling Pathway in A549 Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121829. [PMID: 30486290 PMCID: PMC6316077 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in Adriamycin (ADR)-resistant NSCLC A549/ADR cells compared with parental A549 cells. Among the tested phytochemicals, nobiletin (NBT) is able to overcome the ADR resistance of A549/ADR cells. NBT treatment decreased the expression of a neuroblastoma-derived MYC (MYCN) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) as well as downregulating Akt, GSK3β, and β-catenin. Consistent with these results, NBT treatment resulted in the accumulation of intracellular ADR. A combination index (CI) assay confirmed the synergistic effect of combined treatment with NBT and ADR in reducing the viability of A549/ADR cells (CI = 0.152). Combined treatment with NBT and ADR enhanced apoptosis in A549/ADR cells, as evidenced by increased caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and sub-G1 population compared to treatment with ADR alone. In vivo experiments using a mouse xenograft model revealed that combination therapy with NBT and ADR significantly reduced tumor volume by 84.15%. These data suggest that NBT can sensitize ADR-induced cytotoxicity against A549/ADR cells by inhibiting MRP1 expression, indicating that NBT could serve as an effective adjuvant agent for ADR-based chemotherapy in lung cancer.
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42
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O'Brien LL. Nephron progenitor cell commitment: Striking the right balance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:94-103. [PMID: 30030141 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The filtering component of the kidney, the nephron, arises from a single progenitor population. These nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) both self-renew and differentiate throughout the course of kidney development ensuring sufficient nephron endowment. An appropriate balance of these processes must be struck as deficiencies in nephron numbers are associated with hypertension and kidney disease. This review will discuss the mechanisms and molecules supporting NPC maintenance and differentiation. A focus on recent work will highlight new molecular insights into NPC regulation and their dynamic behavior in both space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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Rajbhandari P, Lopez G, Capdevila C, Salvatori B, Yu J, Rodriguez-Barrueco R, Martinez D, Yarmarkovich M, Weichert-Leahey N, Abraham BJ, Alvarez MJ, Iyer A, Harenza JL, Oldridge D, De Preter K, Koster J, Asgharzadeh S, Seeger RC, Wei JS, Khan J, Vandesompele J, Mestdagh P, Versteeg R, Look AT, Young RA, Iavarone A, Lasorella A, Silva JM, Maris JM, Califano A. Cross-Cohort Analysis Identifies a TEAD4-MYCN Positive Feedback Loop as the Core Regulatory Element of High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:582-599. [PMID: 29510988 PMCID: PMC5967627 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastomas show a paucity of recurrent somatic mutations at diagnosis. As a result, the molecular basis for this aggressive phenotype remains elusive. Recent progress in regulatory network analysis helped us elucidate disease-driving mechanisms downstream of genomic alterations, including recurrent chromosomal alterations. Our analysis identified three molecular subtypes of high-risk neuroblastomas, consistent with chromosomal alterations, and identified subtype-specific master regulator proteins that were conserved across independent cohorts. A 10-protein transcriptional module-centered around a TEAD4-MYCN positive feedback loop-emerged as the regulatory driver of the high-risk subtype associated with MYCN amplification. Silencing of either gene collapsed MYCN-amplified (MYCNAmp) neuroblastoma transcriptional hallmarks and abrogated viability in vitro and in vivo Consistently, TEAD4 emerged as a robust prognostic marker of poor survival, with activity independent of the canonical Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ. These results suggest novel therapeutic strategies for the large subset of MYCN-deregulated neuroblastomas.Significance: Despite progress in understanding of neuroblastoma genetics, little progress has been made toward personalized treatment. Here, we present a framework to determine the downstream effectors of the genetic alterations sustaining neuroblastoma subtypes, which can be easily extended to other tumor types. We show the critical effect of disrupting a 10-protein module centered around a YAP/TAZ-independent TEAD4-MYCN positive feedback loop in MYCNAmp neuroblastomas, nominating TEAD4 as a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 582-99. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presha Rajbhandari
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Capdevila
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Yarmarkovich
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nina Weichert-Leahey
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Archana Iyer
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jo Lynne Harenza
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Oldridge
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics & Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Saban Research Institute, The Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert C Seeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Saban Research Institute, The Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Oncogenomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics & Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics & Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Neurology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jose M Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Combined BET bromodomain and CDK2 inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:2850-2862. [PMID: 29511348 PMCID: PMC5966365 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. MYC genes are frequently amplified and correlate with poor prognosis in MB. BET bromodomains recognize acetylated lysine residues and often promote and maintain MYC transcription. Certain cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are further known to support MYC stabilization in tumor cells. In this report, MB cells were suppressed by combined targeting of MYC expression and MYC stabilization using BET bromodomain inhibition and CDK2 inhibition, respectively. Such combination treatment worked synergistically and caused cell cycle arrest as well as massive apoptosis. Immediate transcriptional changes from this combined MYC blockade were found using RNA-Seq profiling and showed remarkable similarities to changes in MYC target gene expression when MYCN was turned off with doxycycline in our MYCN-inducible animal model for Group 3 MB. In addition, the combination treatment significantly prolonged survival as compared to single-agent therapy in orthotopically transplanted human Group 3 MB with MYC amplifications. Our data suggest that dual inhibition of CDK2 and BET bromodomains can be a novel treatment approach for suppressing MYC-driven cancer.
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45
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Johnsen JI, Dyberg C, Fransson S, Wickström M. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:164-176. [PMID: 29466695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranical tumor of childhood and the most deadly tumor of infancy. It is characterized by early age onset and high frequencies of metastatic disease but also the capacity to spontaneously regress. Despite intensive therapy, the survival for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and those with recurrent or relapsed disease is low. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies for these patient groups. The molecular pathogenesis based on high-throughput omics technologies of neuroblastoma is beginning to be resolved which have given the opportunity to develop personalized therapies for high-risk patients. Here we discuss the potential of developing targeted therapies against aberrantly expressed molecules detected in sub-populations of neuroblastoma patients and how these selected targets can be drugged in order to overcome treatment resistance, improve survival and quality of life for these patients and also the possibilities to transfer preclinical research into clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Dyberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Rickman DS, Schulte JH, Eilers M. The Expanding World of N-MYC–Driven Tumors. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:150-163. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Büchel G, Carstensen A, Mak KY, Roeschert I, Leen E, Sumara O, Hofstetter J, Herold S, Kalb J, Baluapuri A, Poon E, Kwok C, Chesler L, Maric HM, Rickman DS, Wolf E, Bayliss R, Walz S, Eilers M. Association with Aurora-A Controls N-MYC-Dependent Promoter Escape and Pause Release of RNA Polymerase II during the Cell Cycle. Cell Rep 2017; 21:3483-3497. [PMID: 29262328 PMCID: PMC5746598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC proteins bind globally to active promoters and promote transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). To identify effector proteins that mediate this function, we performed mass spectrometry on N-MYC complexes in neuroblastoma cells. The analysis shows that N-MYC forms complexes with TFIIIC, TOP2A, and RAD21, a subunit of cohesin. N-MYC and TFIIIC bind to overlapping sites in thousands of Pol II promoters and intergenic regions. TFIIIC promotes association of RAD21 with N-MYC target sites and is required for N-MYC-dependent promoter escape and pause release of Pol II. Aurora-A competes with binding of TFIIIC and RAD21 to N-MYC in vitro and antagonizes association of TOP2A, TFIIIC, and RAD21 with N-MYC during S phase, blocking N-MYC-dependent release of Pol II from the promoter. Inhibition of Aurora-A in S phase restores RAD21 and TFIIIC binding to chromatin and partially restores N-MYC-dependent transcriptional elongation. We propose that complex formation with Aurora-A controls N-MYC function during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Büchel
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Carstensen
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ka-Yan Mak
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Roeschert
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eoin Leen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Olga Sumara
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hofstetter
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Herold
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kalb
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Apoorva Baluapuri
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Rd., Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Colin Kwok
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Rd., Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Rd., Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David S Rickman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Cancer Systems Biology Group, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Susanne Walz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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48
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Ma YX, Wang XL, Chen JQ, Li B, Hur EM, Saijilafu. Differential Roles of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Subtypes Alpha and Beta in Cortical Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:391. [PMID: 29234272 PMCID: PMC5712306 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinases 3 (GSK3) α and β are expressed in the nervous system, and disruption of GSK3 signaling has been implicated in a wide range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Although several studies have established a role of GSK3 signaling in the nervous system, much less is known about isoform-specific functions. Here, we have examined the role of GSK3α and GSK3β in the developing neocortex by performing in utero electroporation with specific small interfering RNAs targeting each isoform. We found that depletion of either GSK3α or GSK3β commonly promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the ventricular zone, but at later stages, knocking down of each isoform resulted in distinct outcomes. In particular, the transformation of radial progenitors to intermediate progenitor cells was promoted in GSK3α-depleted cells, but markedly prevented in GSK3β-depleted cells. Moreover, knocking down of GSK3β but not GSK3α prevented the generation of upper-layer Cux1+ neurons. Consistent with the distinct outcomes, protein levels of c-Myc and β-catenin, well-known substrates of GSK3, were differentially affected by depletion of GSK3α and GSK3β. Together, these results suggest that GSK3α and GSK3β might play distinct roles in the genesis and differentiation of neuronal lineage cells during neocortex development by differential regulation of downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Quan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Brägelmann J, Böhm S, Guthrie MR, Mollaoglu G, Oliver TG, Sos ML. Family matters: How MYC family oncogenes impact small cell lung cancer. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1489-1498. [PMID: 28737478 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1339849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most deadly cancers and currently lacks effective targeted treatment options. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of SCLC has provided novel insight into the biology of this disease and raises hope for a paradigm shift in the treatment of SCLC. We and others have identified activation of MYC as a driver of susceptibility to Aurora kinase inhibition in SCLC cells and tumors that translates into a therapeutic option for the targeted treatment of MYC-driven SCLC. While MYC shares major features with its paralogs MYCN and MYCL, the sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors is unique for MYC-driven SCLC. In this review, we will compare the distinct molecular features of the 3 MYC family members and address the potential implications for targeted therapy of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brägelmann
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Matthew R Guthrie
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Gurkan Mollaoglu
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Martin L Sos
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,d Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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MYC Modulation around the CDK2/p27/SKP2 Axis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8070174. [PMID: 28665315 PMCID: PMC5541307 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor that controls a number of fundamental cellular processes required for the proliferation and survival of normal and malignant cells, including the cell cycle. MYC interacts with several central cell cycle regulators that control the balance between cell cycle progression and temporary or permanent cell cycle arrest (cellular senescence). Among these are the cyclin E/A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complexes, the CDK inhibitor p27KIP1 (p27) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase component S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), which control each other by forming a triangular network. MYC is engaged in bidirectional crosstalk with each of these players; while MYC regulates their expression and/or activity, these factors in turn modulate MYC through protein interactions and post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, impacting on MYC's transcriptional output on genes involved in cell cycle progression and senescence. Here we elaborate on these network interactions with MYC and their impact on transcription, cell cycle, replication and stress signaling, and on the role of other players interconnected to this network, such as CDK1, the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the F-box proteins FBXW7 and FBXO28, the RAS oncoprotein and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Finally, we describe how the MYC/CDK2/p27/SKP2 axis impacts on tumor development and discuss possible ways to interfere therapeutically with this system to improve cancer treatment.
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