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Perez RC, Yang X, Familari M, Martinez G, Lovicu FJ, Hime GR, de Iongh RU. TOB1 and TOB2 mark distinct RNA processing granules in differentiating lens fiber cells. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:121-138. [PMID: 38165569 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation of lens fiber cells involves a complex interplay of signals from growth factors together with tightly regulated gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators. Various studies have demonstrated that RNA-binding proteins, functioning in ribonucleoprotein granules, have important roles in regulating post-transcriptional expression during lens development. In this study, we examined the expression and localization of two members of the BTG/TOB family of RNA-binding proteins, TOB1 and TOB2, in the developing lens and examined the phenotype of mice that lack Tob1. By RT-PCR, both Tob1 and Tob2 mRNA were detected in epithelial and fiber cells of embryonic and postnatal murine lenses. In situ hybridization showed Tob1 and Tob2 mRNA were most intensely expressed in the early differentiating fibers, with weaker expression in anterior epithelial cells, and both appeared to be downregulated in the germinative zone of E15.5 lenses. TOB1 protein was detected from E11.5 to E16.5 and was predominantly detected in large cytoplasmic puncta in early differentiating fiber cells, often co-localizing with the P-body marker, DCP2. Occasional nuclear puncta were also observed. By contrast, TOB2 was detected in a series of interconnected peri-nuclear granules, in later differentiating fiber cells of the inner cortex. TOB2 did not appear to co-localize with DCP2 but did partially co-localize with an early stress granule marker (EIF3B). These data suggest that TOB1 and TOB2 are involved with different aspects of the mRNA processing cycle in lens fiber cells. In vitro experiments using rat lens epithelial explants treated with or without a fiber differentiating dose of FGF2 showed that both TOB1 and TOB2 were up-regulated during FGF-induced differentiation. In differentiating explants, TOB1 also co-localized with DCP2 in large cytoplasmic granules. Analyses of Tob1-/- mice revealed relatively normal lens morphology but a subtle defect in cell cycle arrest of some cells at the equator and in the lens fiber mass of E13.5 embryos. Overall, these findings suggest that TOB proteins play distinct regulatory roles in RNA processing during lens fiber differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Perez
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Xenia Yang
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mary Familari
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gemma Martinez
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences and Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gary R Hime
- Stem Cell Genetics Laboratory, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robb U de Iongh
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Krylov A, Yu S, Veen K, Newton A, Ye A, Qin H, He J, Jusuf PR. Heterogeneity in quiescent Müller glia in the uninjured zebrafish retina drive differential responses following photoreceptor ablation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1087136. [PMID: 37575968 PMCID: PMC10413128 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of neurons in the neural retina is a leading cause of vision loss. While humans do not possess the capacity for retinal regeneration, zebrafish can achieve this through activation of resident Müller glia. Remarkably, despite the presence of Müller glia in humans and other mammalian vertebrates, these cells lack an intrinsic ability to contribute to regeneration. Upon activation, zebrafish Müller glia can adopt a stem cell-like state, undergo proliferation and generate new neurons. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this activation subsequent retinal regeneration remains unclear. Methods/Results To address this, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and report remarkable heterogeneity in gene expression within quiescent Müller glia across distinct dorsal, central and ventral retina pools of such cells. Next, we utilized a genetically driven, chemically inducible nitroreductase approach to study Müller glia activation following selective ablation of three distinct photoreceptor subtypes: long wavelength sensitive cones, short wavelength sensitive cones, and rods. There, our data revealed that a region-specific bias in activation of Müller glia exists in the zebrafish retina, and this is independent of the distribution of the ablated cell type across retinal regions. Notably, gene ontology analysis revealed that injury-responsive dorsal and central Müller glia express genes related to dorsal/ventral pattern formation, growth factor activity, and regulation of developmental process. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we identify a shared genetic program underlying initial Müller glia activation and cell cycle entry, followed by differences that drive the fate of regenerating neurons. We observed an initial expression of AP-1 and injury-responsive transcription factors, followed by genes involved in Notch signaling, ribosome biogenesis and gliogenesis, and finally expression of cell cycle, chromatin remodeling and microtubule-associated genes. Discussion Taken together, our findings document the regional specificity of gene expression within quiescent Müller glia and demonstrate unique Müller glia activation and regeneration features following neural ablation. These findings will improve our understanding of the molecular pathways relevant to neural regeneration in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Krylov
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kellie Veen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Axel Newton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Qin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patricia R. Jusuf
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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3
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Wu Y, Sun A, Nie C, Gao ZX, Wan SM. Functional differentiation of bmp2a and bmp2b genes in zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 46:119288. [PMID: 36332886 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the bmp2 ortholog evolved from the same ancestral gene family in vertebrates and was duplicated in teleost, which were named bmp2a and bmp2b. The results of whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the expression locations of bmp2a and bmp2b in zebrafish were different in different periods (24 hpf, 48 hpf, 72 hpf), which revealed potential functional differentiation between bmp2a and bmp2b. Phenotypic analysis showed that bmp2a mutations caused partial rib and vertebral deformities in zebrafish, while bmp2b-/- embryos died massively after 12 hpf due to abnormal somite formation. We further explored the expression pattern changes of genes (bmp2a, bmp2b, smad1, fgf4, runx2b, alp) related to skeletal development at different developmental stages (20 dpf, 60 dpf, 90 dpf) in wild-type and bmp2a-/- zebrafish. The results showed that the expression of runx2b in bmp2a-/- was significantly downregulated at three stages and the expression of other genes were significantly downregulated at 90 dpf compared with wild-type zebrafish. The study revealed functional differentiation of bmp2a and bmp2b in zebrafish embryonic and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aili Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunhong Nie
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shi-Ming Wan
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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4
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Yu Z, Wang L, Zhao J, Song H, Zhao C, Zhao W, Jia M. TOB1 attenuates IRF3-directed antiviral responses by recruiting HDAC8 to specifically suppress IFN-β expression. Commun Biol 2022; 5:943. [PMID: 36085336 PMCID: PMC9463440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcription factor required for the secretion of type I interferons (IFN-α/β) and initiation of antiviral immune response. However, the negative feedback regulator of IRF3-directed antiviral response remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that viral infection induced the interaction of the transducer of ERBB2.1 (TOB1) with IRF3, which bound to the promoter region of Ifnb1 in macrophages. TOB1 inhibited Ifnb1 transcription by disrupting IRF3 binding and recruiting histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) to the Ifnb1 promoter region. Consequently, TOB1 attenuated IRF3-directed IFN-β expression in virus-infected macrophages. Tob1 deficiency enhanced antiviral response and suppressed viral replication in vivo. Thus, we identified TOB1 as a feedback inhibitor of host antiviral innate immune response and revealed a mechanism underlying viral immune escape. TOB1 is identified as an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) binding partner that operates as a negative feedback inhibitor of IFNβ in toll-like receptor and cytosolic nucleic acid receptor sensing pathways.
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5
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Jones WD, Mullins MC. Cell signaling pathways controlling an axis organizing center in the zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:149-209. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Ding L, Wang M, Qin S, Xu L. The Roles of MicroRNAs in Tendon Healing and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687117. [PMID: 34277629 PMCID: PMC8283311 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons connect the muscle abdomen of skeletal muscles to the bone, which transmits the force generated by the muscle abdomen contraction and pulls the bone into motion. Tendon injury is a common clinical condition occurring in certain populations, such as repeated tendon strains in athletes. And it can lead to substantial pain and loss of motor function, in severe cases, significant disability. Tendon healing and regeneration have attracted growing interests. Some treatments including growth factors, stem cell therapies and rehabilitation programs have been tried to improve tendon healing. However, the basic cellular biology and pathology of tendons are still not fully understood, and the management of tendon injury remains a considerable challenge. Regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level, microRNA (miRNA) has been increasingly recognized as essential regulators in the biological processes of tendon healing and regeneration. A wide range of miRNAs in tendon injury have been shown to play vital roles in maintaining and regulating its physiological function, as well as regulating the tenogenic differentiation potential of stem cells. In this review, we show the summary of the latest information on the role of miRNAs in tendon healing and regeneration, and also discuss potentials for miRNA-directed diagnosis and therapy in tendon injuries and tendinopathy, which may provide new theoretical foundation for tenogenesis and tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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7
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He M, Zhang R, Jiao S, Zhang F, Ye D, Wang H, Sun Y. Nanog safeguards early embryogenesis against global activation of maternal β-catenin activity by interfering with TCF factors. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000561. [PMID: 32702011 PMCID: PMC7402524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal β-catenin activity is essential and critical for dorsal induction and its dorsal activation has been thoroughly studied. However, how the maternal β-catenin activity is suppressed in the nondorsal cells remains poorly understood. Nanog is known to play a central role for maintenance of the pluripotency and maternal -zygotic transition (MZT). Here, we reveal a novel role of Nanog as a strong repressor of maternal β-catenin signaling to safeguard the embryo against hyperactivation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyperdorsalization. In zebrafish, knockdown of nanog at different levels led to either posteriorization or dorsalization, mimicking zygotic or maternal activation of Wnt/β-catenin activities, and the maternal zygotic mutant of nanog (MZnanog) showed strong activation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyperdorsalization. Although a constitutive activator-type Nanog (Vp16-Nanog, lacking the N terminal) perfectly rescued the MZT defects of MZnanog, it did not rescue the phenotypes resulting from β-catenin signaling activation. Mechanistically, the N terminal of Nanog directly interacts with T-cell factor (TCF) and interferes with the binding of β-catenin to TCF, thereby attenuating the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Therefore, our study establishes a novel role for Nanog in repressing maternal β-catenin activity and demonstrates a transcriptional switch between β-catenin/TCF and Nanog/TCF complexes, which safeguards the embryo from global activation of maternal β-catenin activity. Maternal β-catenin activity induces the primary dorsal axis during early development, but how the activity is suppressed in the non-dorsal cells remains poorly understood. This study reveals Nanog as a strong repressor of nuclear β-catenin to safeguard embryogenesis against global activation of maternal β-catenin activity and hyper-dorsalization in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengbo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Fuentes R, Tajer B, Kobayashi M, Pelliccia JL, Langdon Y, Abrams EW, Mullins MC. The maternal coordinate system: Molecular-genetics of embryonic axis formation and patterning in the zebrafish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 140:341-389. [PMID: 32591080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Axis specification of the zebrafish embryo begins during oogenesis and relies on proper formation of well-defined cytoplasmic domains within the oocyte. Upon fertilization, maternally-regulated cytoplasmic flow and repositioning of dorsal determinants establish the coordinate system that will build the structure and developmental body plan of the embryo. Failure of specific genes that regulate the embryonic coordinate system leads to catastrophic loss of body structures. Here, we review the genetic principles of axis formation and discuss how maternal factors orchestrate axis patterning during zebrafish early embryogenesis. We focus on the molecular identity and functional contribution of genes controlling critical aspects of oogenesis, egg activation, blastula, and gastrula stages. We examine how polarized cytoplasmic domains form in the oocyte, which set off downstream events such as animal-vegetal polarity and germ line development. After gametes interact and form the zygote, cytoplasmic segregation drives the animal-directed reorganization of maternal determinants through calcium- and cell cycle-dependent signals. We also summarize how maternal genes control dorsoventral, anterior-posterior, mesendodermal, and left-right cell fate specification and how signaling pathways pattern these axes and tissues during early development to instruct the three-dimensional body plan. Advances in reverse genetics and phenotyping approaches in the zebrafish model are revealing positional patterning signatures at the single-cell level, thus enhancing our understanding of genotype-phenotype interactions in axis formation. Our emphasis is on the genetic interrogation of novel and specific maternal regulatory mechanisms of axis specification in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manami Kobayashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jose L Pelliccia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Elliott W Abrams
- Department of Biology, Purchase College, State University of New York, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Mary C Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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9
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Liu JX, Xu QH, Yu X, Zhang T, Xie X, Ouyang G. Eaf1 and Eaf2 mediate zebrafish dorsal-ventral axis patterning via suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin activity. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:705-716. [PMID: 29910681 PMCID: PMC6001683 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During early vertebrate embryogenesis, maternal Wnt/β-catenin signaling is thought to locally initiate expression of dorsal-specific genes. Here, eaf1 and eaf2 were identified as important maternal and zygotic modulators of Wnt signaling to initiate and specify ventral genes. Expression of ventral ved, vent, and vox was all obviously enhanced in either maternal or zygotic eaf1/2 morphants, and in both eaf1 heterozygous and homozygous mutants, but their expression was suppressed in embryos with over-expression of eaf1/2. Additionally, eaf1/2 were revealed to suppress ventral fates in embryos via Wnt/β-catenin1/Tcf signaling, complimentary to their roles in suppressing dorsal fates via Wnt/β-catenin2 signaling. Moreover, eaf1/2 were also revealed to obviously suppress the expression of axin2 induced by β-catenin2 rather than by β-catenin1, and the dorsal expression of axin2 in embryos was obviously suppressed by ectopic expression of eaf1/2. This study uncovers a novel dorsal-ventral patterning pathway, with eaf1 and eaf2 inhibiting ventral cells via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin1/Tcf signaling and inducing dorsal cells indirectly via suppressing β-catenin2-induced-axin2 on the dorsal side of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Han Xu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - XueDong Yu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - XunWei Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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10
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King BL, Rosenstein MC, Smith AM, Dykeman CA, Smith GA, Yin VP. RegenDbase: a comparative database of noncoding RNA regulation of tissue regeneration circuits across multiple taxa. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:10. [PMID: 29872545 PMCID: PMC5973935 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is an endogenous process of tissue repair that culminates in complete restoration of tissue and organ function. While regenerative capacity in mammals is limited to select tissues, lower vertebrates like zebrafish and salamanders are endowed with the capacity to regenerate entire limbs and most adult tissues, including heart muscle. Numerous profiling studies have been conducted using these research models in an effort to identify the genetic circuits that accompany tissue regeneration. Most of these studies, however, are confined to an individual injury model and/or research organism and focused primarily on protein encoding transcripts. Here we describe RegenDbase, a new database with the functionality to compare and contrast gene regulatory pathways within and across tissues and research models. RegenDbase combines pipelines that integrate analysis of noncoding RNAs in combination with protein encoding transcripts. We created RegenDbase with a newly generated comprehensive dataset for adult zebrafish heart regeneration combined with existing microarray and RNA-sequencing studies on multiple injured tissues. In this current release, we detail microRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits and the biological processes these interactions control during the early stages of heart regeneration. Moreover, we identify known and putative novel lncRNAs and identify their potential target genes based on proximity searches. We postulate that these candidate factors underscore robust regenerative capacity in lower vertebrates. RegenDbase provides a systems-level analysis of tissue regeneration genetic circuits across injury and animal models and addresses the growing need to understand how noncoding RNAs influence these changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. King
- Kathryn Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Michael C. Rosenstein
- Kathryn Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
- Present Address: RockStep Solutions, Portland, ME 04101 USA
| | - Ashley M. Smith
- Kathryn Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
| | - Christina A. Dykeman
- Kathryn Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
| | - Grace A. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
- University of Maine Honors College, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Viravuth P. Yin
- Kathryn Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
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11
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Fan X, Zhao J, Ren F, Wang Y, Feng Y, Ding L, Zhao L, Shang Y, Li J, Ni J, Jia B, Liu Y, Chang Z. Dimerization of p15RS mediated by a leucine zipper-like motif is critical for its inhibitory role on Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7618-7628. [PMID: 29618509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that p15RS, a newly discovered tumor suppressor, inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by interrupting the formation of β-catenin·TCF4 complex. However, it remains unclear how p15RS helps exert such an inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling based on its molecular structure. In this study, we reported that dimerization of p15RS is required for its inhibition on the transcription regulation of Wnt-targeted genes. We found that p15RS forms a dimer through a highly conserved leucine zipper-like motif in the coiled-coil terminus domain. In particular, residues Leu-248 and Leu-255 were identified as being responsible for p15RS dimerization, as mutation of these two leucines into prolines disrupted the homodimer formation of p15RS and weakened its suppression of Wnt signaling. Functional studies further confirmed that mutations of p15RS at these residues results in diminishment of its inhibition on cell proliferation and tumor formation. We therefore concluded that dimerization of p15RS governed by the leucine zipper-like motif is critical for its inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzi Fan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and.,the School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Juan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Fangli Ren
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Yinyin Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Yarui Feng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Lidan Ding
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Linpeng Zhao
- the Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - Yu Shang
- the Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
| | - Jun Li
- the Institute of Immunology, PLA, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, and
| | - Jianquan Ni
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
| | - Baoqing Jia
- the Department of General Surgery/Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yule Liu
- the School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Zhijie Chang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine and
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12
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Lu Y, Xie S, Zhang W, Zhang C, Gao C, Sun Q, Cai Y, Xu Z, Xiao M, Xu Y, Huang X, Wu X, Liu W, Wang F, Kang Y, Zhou T. Twa1/Gid8 is a β-catenin nuclear retention factor in Wnt signaling and colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2017; 27:1422-1440. [PMID: 28829046 PMCID: PMC5717399 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is one of the major causes of human colorectal cancer (CRC). A hallmark of Wnt signaling is the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Although β-catenin nuclear import and export have been widely investigated, the underlying mechanism of β-catenin's nuclear retention remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Twa1/Gid8 is a key nuclear retention factor for β-catenin during Wnt signaling and colorectal carcinogenesis. In the absence of Wnt, Twa1 exists together with β-catenin in the Axin complex and undergoes ubiquitination and degradation. Upon Wnt signaling, Twa1 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds and retains β-catenin. Depletion of Twa1 attenuates Wnt-stimulated gene expression, dorsal development of zebrafish embryos and xenograft tumor growth of CRC cells. Moreover, nuclear Twa1 is significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues, correlating with the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and poor prognosis. Thus, our results identify Twa1 as a previously undescribed regulator of the Wnt pathway for promoting colorectal tumorigenesis by facilitating β-catenin nuclear retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Current address: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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13
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Gorsuch RA, Lahne M, Yarka CE, Petravick ME, Li J, Hyde DR. Sox2 regulates Müller glia reprogramming and proliferation in the regenerating zebrafish retina via Lin28 and Ascl1a. Exp Eye Res 2017; 161:174-192. [PMID: 28577895 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sox2 is a well-established neuronal stem cell-associated transcription factor that regulates neural development and adult neurogenesis in vertebrates, and is one of the critical genes used to reprogram differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. We examined if Sox2 was involved in the early reprogramming-like events that Müller glia undergo as they upregulate many pluripotency- and neural stem cell-associated genes required for proliferation in light-damaged adult zebrafish retinas. In the undamaged adult zebrafish retina, Sox2 is expressed in Müller glia and a subset of amacrine cells, similar to other vertebrates. Following 31 h of light damage, Sox2 expression significantly increased in proliferating Müller glia. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of Sox2 expression resulted in decreased numbers of proliferating Müller glia, while induced overexpression of Sox2 stimulated Müller glia proliferation in the absence of retinal damage. Thus, Sox2 is necessary and sufficient for Müller glia proliferation. We investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is a known regulator of sox2 expression during vertebrate retinal development. While β-catenin 2, but not β-catenin 1, was necessary for Müller glia proliferation, neither β-catenin paralog was required for sox2 expression following retinal damage. Sox2 expression was also necessary for ascl1a (neurogenic) and lin28a (reprogramming) expression, but not stat3 expression following retinal damage. Furthermore, Sox2 was required for Müller glial-derived neuronal progenitor cell amplification and expression of the pro-neural marker Tg(atoh7:EGFP). Finally, loss of Sox2 expression prevented complete regeneration of cone photoreceptors. This study is the first to identify a functional role for Sox2 during Müller glial-based regeneration of the vertebrate retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryne A Gorsuch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Manuela Lahne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Clare E Yarka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Michael E Petravick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jingling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - David R Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, and the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Galvin Life Science Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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14
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The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Net1 facilitates the specification of dorsal cell fates in zebrafish embryos by promoting maternal β-catenin activation. Cell Res 2016; 27:202-225. [PMID: 27910850 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for the initiation of dorsal-ventral patterning during vertebrate embryogenesis. Maternal β-catenin accumulates in dorsal marginal nuclei during cleavage stages, but its critical target genes essential for dorsalization are silent until mid-blastula transition (MBT). Here, we find that zebrafish net1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is specifically expressed in dorsal marginal blastomeres after MBT, and acts as a zygotic factor to promote the specification of dorsal cell fates. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments show that the GEF activity of Net1 is required for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in zebrafish embryos and mammalian cells. Net1 dissociates and activates PAK1 dimers, and PAK1 kinase activation causes phosphorylation of S675 of β-catenin after MBT, which ultimately leads to the transcription of downstream target genes. In summary, our results reveal that Net1-regulated β-catenin activation plays a crucial role in the dorsal axis formation during zebrafish development.
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15
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Didonna A, Cekanaviciute E, Oksenberg JR, Baranzini SE. Immune cell-specific transcriptional profiling highlights distinct molecular pathways controlled by Tob1 upon experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31603. [PMID: 27546286 PMCID: PMC4992865 DOI: 10.1038/srep31603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Despite the recent advances in understanding MS molecular basis, no reliable biomarkers have been identified yet to monitor disease progression. Our group has previously reported that low levels of TOB1 in CD4(+) T cells are strongly associated with a higher risk of MS conversion in individuals experiencing an initial demyelinating event. Consistently, Tob1 ablation in mice exacerbates the clinical phenotype of the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To shed light on Tob1 molecular functions in the immune system, we have conducted the first cell-based transcriptomic analysis in Tob1(-/-) and wildtype mice upon EAE. Next-generation sequencing was employed to characterize the changes in gene expression in T and B cells at pre- and post-symptomatic EAE stages. Remarkably, we found only modest overlap among the different genetic signatures, suggesting that Tob1 may control distinct genetic programs in the different cytotypes. This hypothesis was corroborated by gene ontology and global interactome analyses, which highlighted specific cellular pathways in each cellular subset before and after EAE induction. In summary, our work pinpoints a multifaceted activity of Tob1 in both homeostasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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16
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Zhang P, Bai Y, Lu L, Li Y, Duan C. An oxygen-insensitive Hif-3α isoform inhibits Wnt signaling by destabilizing the nuclear β-catenin complex. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26765566 PMCID: PMC4769163 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), while best known for their roles in the hypoxic response, have oxygen-independent roles in early development with poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we report a novel Hif-3α variant, Hif-3α2, in zebrafish. Hif-3α2 lacks the bHLH, PAS, PAC, and ODD domains, and is expressed in embryonic and adult tissues independently of oxygen availability. Hif-3α2 is a nuclear protein with significant hypoxia response element (HRE)-dependent transcriptional activity. Hif-3α2 overexpression not only decreases embryonic growth and developmental timing but also causes left-right asymmetry defects. Genetic deletion of Hif-3α2 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing increases, while Hif-3α2 overexpression decreases, Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This action is independent of its HRE-dependent transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, Hif-3α2 binds to β-catenin and destabilizes the nuclear β-catenin complex. This mechanism is distinct from GSK3β-mediated β-catenin degradation and is conserved in humans. These findings provide new insights into the oxygen-independent actions of HIFs and uncover a novel mechanism regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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17
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Lee HS, Kundu J, Kim RN, Shin YK. Transducer of ERBB2.1 (TOB1) as a Tumor Suppressor: A Mechanistic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29815-28. [PMID: 26694352 PMCID: PMC4691146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transducer of ERBB2.1 (TOB1) is a tumor-suppressor protein, which functions as a negative regulator of the receptor tyrosine-kinase ERBB2. As most of the other tumor suppressor proteins, TOB1 is inactivated in many human cancers. Homozygous deletion of TOB1 in mice is reported to be responsible for cancer development in the lung, liver, and lymph node, whereas the ectopic overexpression of TOB1 shows anti-proliferation, and a decrease in the migration and invasion abilities on cancer cells. Biochemical studies revealed that the anti-proliferative activity of TOB1 involves mRNA deadenylation and is associated with the reduction of both cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expressions and the induction of CDK inhibitors. Moreover, TOB1 interacts with an oncogenic signaling mediator, β-catenin, and inhibits β-catenin-regulated gene transcription. TOB1 antagonizes the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT) signaling and induces cancer cell apoptosis by activating BCL2-associated X (BAX) protein and inhibiting the BCL-2 and BCL-XL expressions. The tumor-specific overexpression of TOB1 results in the activation of other tumor suppressor proteins, such as mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) and phosphatase and tensin homolog-10 (PTEN), and blocks tumor progression. TOB1-overexpressing cancer cells have limited potential of growing as xenograft tumors in nude mice upon subcutaneous implantation. This review addresses the molecular basis of TOB1 tumor suppressor function with special emphasis on its regulation of intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Seok Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Juthika Kundu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ryong Nam Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- The Center for Anti-cancer Companion Diagnostics, School of Biological Science, Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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18
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Tob1 is expressed in developing and adult gonads and is associated with the P-body marker, Dcp2. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:443-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Xing C, Gong B, Xue Y, Han Y, Wang Y, Meng A, Jia S. TGFβ1a regulates zebrafish posterior lateral line formation via Smad5 mediated pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:48-61. [PMID: 25603803 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish sensory posterior lateral line (pLL) has become an attractive model for studying collective cell migration and cell morphogenesis. Recent studies have indicated that chemokine, Wnt/β-catenin, Fgf, and Delta-Notch signaling pathways participate in regulating pLL development. However, it remains unclear whether TGFβ signaling pathway is involved in pLL development. Here we report a critical role of TGFβ1 in regulating morphogenesis of the pLL primordium (pLLP). The tgfβ1a gene is abundantly expressed in the lateral line primordium. Knockdown or knockout of tgfβ1a leads to a reduction of neuromast number, an increase of inter-neuromast distance, and a reduced number of hair cells. The aberrant morphogenesis in embryos depleted of tgfβ1a correlates with the reduced expression of atoh1a, deltaA, and n-cadherin/cdh2, which are known important regulators of the pLLP morphogenesis. Like tgfβ1a depletion, knockdown of smad5 that expresses in the pLLP, affects pLLP development whereas overexpression of a constitutive active Smad5 isoform rescues the defects in embryos depleted of tgfβ1a, indicating that Smad5 mediates tgfβ1a function in pLLP development. Therefore, TGFβ/Smad5 signaling plays an important role in the zebrafish lateral line formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cencan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Nucleoporin 62-like protein activates canonical Wnt signaling through facilitating the nuclear import of β-catenin in zebrafish. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1110-24. [PMID: 25605329 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01181-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporin p62 (Nup62) localizes in the central channel of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and regulates nuclear pore permeability and nucleocytoplasmic transport. However, the developmental roles of Nup62 in vertebrates remain largely unclear. Zebrafish Nup62-like protein (Nup62l) is a homolog of mammalian Nup62. The nup62l gene is maternally expressed, but its transcripts are ubiquitously distributed during early embryogenesis and enriched in the head, pharynx, and intestine of developing embryos. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway positively modulates nup62l transcription, while Bmp signaling acts downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to negatively regulate nup62l expression. Overexpression of nup62l dorsalized embryos and enhanced gastrula convergence and extension (CE) movements. In contrast, knockdown of Nup62l led to ventralized embryos, an impediment to CE movements, and defects in specification of midline organ progenitors. Mechanistically, Nup62l acts as an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through interaction with and facilitation of nuclear import of β-catenin-1/2 in zebrafish. Thus, Nup62l regulates dorsoventral patterning, gastrula CE movements, and proper specification of midline organ precursors through mediating the nuclear import of β-catenins in zebrafish.
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21
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Characterization of zebrafish Pax1b and Pax9 in fin bud development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:309385. [PMID: 25197636 PMCID: PMC4147360 DOI: 10.1155/2014/309385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both Pax1 and Pax9 belong to the important paired box gene family (PAX), which mainly participates in animal development and sclerotome differentiation. To date, the precise molecular mechanism and related signaling pathway of Pax1 remain unclear. In our study, microinjection of morpholino- (MO-) modified antisense oligonucleotides against pax1b induced pectoral fin bud defects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenotypes caused by the knockdown of Pax1b in zebrafish could not be phenocopied by pax9 MO and could not be rescued by either Pax1a or Pax9 overexpression. We further find that Pax1b affects the expression of col2a1, Uncx4.1, Noggin3, and aggrecan, confirming the role of Pax1b in chondrocyte differentiation and bone maturation. Moreover, we identify an interaction between PAX1 and FOXO1 and find that the interaction was enhanced under hypoxia stress. Together, this evidence for cell death caused by pax1b knockdown provides new insight into the role of the Pax protein family in cell fate determination and tissue specification.
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22
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Ryu MS, Woo MY, Kwon D, Hong AE, Song KY, Park S, Lim IK. Accumulation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells in B16-melanoma and proliferation of mature T cells in TIS21-knockout mice after T cell receptor stimulation. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:209-21. [PMID: 25088256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro effects of TIS21 gene on the mature T cell activation and antitumor activities were explored by employing MO5 melanoma orthograft and splenocytes isolated from the TIS21-knockout (KO)(2) mice. Proliferation and survival of mature T cells were significantly increased in the KO than the wild type (WT3)e cells, indicating that TIS21 inhibits the rate of mature T cell proliferation and its survival. In MO5 melanoma orthograft model, the KO mice recruited much more CD8(+) T cells into the tumors at around day 14 after tumor cell injection along with reduced tumor volumes compared with the WT. The increased frequency of granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in splenocytes of the KO mice compared with the WT may account for antitumor-immunity of TIS21 gene in the melanoma orthograft. In contrast, reduced frequencies of CD107a+ CD8+ T cells in the splenocytes of KO mice may affect the loss of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the orthograft at around day 19. These results indicate that TIS21 exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in mature T cells, and differentially affects the frequencies of granzyme B+ CD8+ T-cells and CD107a+ CD8+ T-cells, thus transiently regulating in vivo anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Allen E Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
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23
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Li BS, Zuo QF, Zhao YL, Xiao B, Zhuang Y, Mao XH, Wu C, Yang SM, Zeng H, Zou QM, Guo G. MicroRNA-25 promotes gastric cancer migration, invasion and proliferation by directly targeting transducer of ERBB2, 1 and correlates with poor survival. Oncogene 2014; 34:2556-65. [PMID: 25043310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors and the molecular mechanism underlying its metastasis is still largely unclear. Here, we show that miR-25 was overexpressed in plasma and primary tumor tissues of GC patients with tumor node metastasis stage (III or IV) or lymph node metastasis. MiR-25 inhibition significantly decreased the metastasis, invasion and proliferation of GC cells in vitro, and reduced their capacity to develop distal pulmonary metastases and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Furthermore, miR-25 repressed transducer of ERBB2, 1 (TOB1) expression by directly binding to TOB1-3'-UTR, and the inverse correlation was observed between the expressions of miR-25 and TOB1 mRNA in primary GC tissues. Moreover, the loss of TOB1 increased the metastasis, invasion and proliferation of GC cells, and the restoration of TOB1 led to suppressed metastasis, invasion and proliferation. The receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded an area under the curve value of 0.7325 in distinguishing the GC patients with death from those with survival. The analysis of optimal cutoff value revealed poor survival in GC patients with high plasma concentrations of miR-25 (>0.2333 amol/μl). Taken together, miR-25 promotes GC progression by directly downregulating TOB1 expression, and may be a noninvasive biomarker for the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-S Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Q-F Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Y-L Zhao
- General Surgery and Center of Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - B Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Y Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - X-H Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - C Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - S-M Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - H Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Q-M Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - G Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Abstract
Tob1 (transducer of ERBB2-1, TOB1 is humans) is a member of the antiproliferative (APRO) family of proteins that controls cell cycle progression in several cell types. In addition, Tob1 has been implicated in diverse cellular mechanisms such as embryonic dorsal development, and T helper 17 (Th17) cell function. More recently, evidence linking Tob1 function to experimental and human immune related disorders has mounted, thus underscoring the potential of this molecule as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target. This article reviews these functions with an emphasis on their implications for human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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White-Grindley E, Li L, Mohammad Khan R, Ren F, Saraf A, Florens L, Si K. Contribution of Orb2A stability in regulated amyloid-like oligomerization of Drosophila Orb2. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001786. [PMID: 24523662 PMCID: PMC3921104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How learned experiences persist as memory for a long time is an important question. In Drosophila the persistence of memory is dependent upon amyloid-like oligomers of the Orb2 protein. However, it is not clear how the conversion of Orb2 to the amyloid-like oligomeric state is regulated. The Orb2 has two protein isoforms, and the rare Orb2A isoform is critical for oligomerization of the ubiquitous Orb2B isoform. Here, we report the discovery of a protein network comprised of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), Transducer of Erb-B2 (Tob), and Lim Kinase (LimK) that controls the abundance of Orb2A. PP2A maintains Orb2A in an unphosphorylated and unstable state, whereas Tob-LimK phosphorylates and stabilizes Orb2A. Mutation of LimK abolishes activity-dependent Orb2 oligomerization in the adult brain. Moreover, Tob-Orb2 association is modulated by neuronal activity and Tob activity in the mushroom body is required for stable memory formation. These observations suggest that the interplay between PP2A and Tob-LimK activity may dynamically regulate Orb2 amyloid-like oligomer formation and the stabilization of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica White-Grindley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Repon Mohammad Khan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Fengzhen Ren
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anita Saraf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kausik Si
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chahdi A, Raufman JP. The Cdc42/Rac nucleotide exchange factor protein β1Pix (Pak-interacting exchange factor) modulates β-catenin transcriptional activity in colon cancer cells: evidence for direct interaction of β1PIX with β-catenin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34019-34029. [PMID: 24129564 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly regulated and critical for intestinal epithelial development and repair; aberrant β-catenin signaling is strongly associated with colon cancer. The small GTPase Rac1 regulates β-catenin nuclear translocation and signaling. Here we tested the hypothesis that β1Pix, a Cdc42/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), regulates β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and cell function. We report the novel observations that β1Pix binds directly to β-catenin, an action requiring both the β1Pix DH and dimerization domains but not β1Pix GEF activity. In human colon cancer cells, activation of β-catenin signaling with LiCl decreased β1Pix/β-catenin association in the cytosol and increased nuclear binding of β-catenin to β1Pix. Nuclear association of β1Pix and β-catenin was independent of Rac1 expression and activation; down- and up-regulating Rac1 expression levels did not alter nuclear β1Pix/β-catenin association. Ectopic β1Pix expression enhanced LiCl-induced β-catenin transcriptional activity. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of β1Pix attenuated both LiCl-induced β-catenin transcriptional activity and colon cancer cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of β1Pix stimulated β-catenin transcriptional activity, whereas β1PixΔ(602-611), which is unable to bind β-catenin, had no effect. Altogether, these findings suggest that β1Pix functions as a transcriptional regulator of β-catenin signaling through direct interaction with β-catenin, an action that may be functionally relevant to colon cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Chahdi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595; Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595.
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27
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Schulze-Topphoff U, Casazza S, Varrin-Doyer M, Pekarek K, Sobel RA, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Zamvil SS, Baranzini SE. Tob1 plays a critical role in the activation of encephalitogenic T cells in CNS autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1301-9. [PMID: 23797093 PMCID: PMC3698524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of antiproliferative gene TOB1 results in more severe EAE driven by augmented pathogenic T cell responses. Reliable biomarkers corresponding to disease progression or therapeutic responsiveness in multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been yet identified. We previously reported that low expression of the antiproliferative gene TOB1 in CD4+ T cells of individuals presenting with an initial central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating event (a clinically isolated syndrome), correlated with high risk for progression to MS. We report that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Tob1−/− mice was associated with augmented CNS inflammation, increased infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, and increased myelin-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells, with reduced numbers of regulatory T cells. Reconstitution of Rag1−/− mice with Tob1−/− CD4+ T cells recapitulated the aggressive EAE phenotype observed in Tob1−/− mice. Furthermore, severe spontaneous EAE was observed when Tob1−/− mice were crossed to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific T cell receptor transgenic (2D2) mice. Collectively, our results reveal a critical role for Tob1 in adaptive T cell immune responses that drive development of EAE, thus providing support for the development of Tob1 as a biomarker for demyelinating disease activity.
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Hu J, Sun S, Jiang Q, Sun S, Wang W, Gui Y, Song H. Yes-associated protein (yap) is required for early embryonic development in zebrafish (danio rerio). Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:267-78. [PMID: 23494967 PMCID: PMC3596712 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulation of organ size. The kinase cascade ultimately antagonizes the transcriptional co-activator Yki/YAP, which is a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we performed a knocking down study using antisense morpholino (MO) reagents and found that zebrafish YAP, a key transcriptional co-activator of Hpo pathway, plays a critical role in early embryonic development. At the cellular level, yap inhibition increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation. Reduction of yap function severely delays several developmental events, including gastrulation, cardiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Knockdown of yap showed some evidence of ventralization, including reduction of dorsally expressed marker goosecoid (gsc), expansion of ventral marker gata2, disruption of the somites, and reduction in head size. Finally, we performed a preliminary analysis with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the candidate targets of zebrafish Hpo pathway. In conclusion, our results revealed that zebrafish yap coordinately regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis and is required for dorsoventral axis formation, gastrulation, cardiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and somitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical School and Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Feng Q, Zou X, Lu L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Duan C. The stress-response gene redd1 regulates dorsoventral patterning by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin activity in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52674. [PMID: 23300740 PMCID: PMC3530439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
REDD1/redd1 is a stress-response gene that is induced under various stressful conditions such as hypoxia, DNA damage, and energy stress. The increased REDD1 inhibits mTOR signaling and cell growth. Here we report an unexpected role of Redd1 in regulating dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish embryos and the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish redd1 mRNA is maternally deposited. Although it is ubiquitously detected in many adult tissues, its expression is highly tissue-specific and dynamic during early development. Hypoxia and heat shock strongly induce redd1 expression in zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of Redd1 using two independent morpholinos results in dorsalized embryos and this effect can be rescued by injecting redd1 mRNA. Forced expression of Redd1 ventralizes embryos. Co-expression of Redd1 with Wnt3a or a constitutively active form of β-catenin suggests that Redd1 alters dorsoventral patterning by antagonizing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings have unraveled a novel role of Redd1 in early development by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ocean University of China), Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (CD)
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JZ); (CD)
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Ogami K, Hosoda N, Funakoshi Y, Hoshino S. Antiproliferative protein Tob directly regulates c-myc proto-oncogene expression through cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein CPEB. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23178487 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of mRNA deadenylation constitutes a pivotal mechanism of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Here we show that the antiproliferative protein Tob, a component of the Caf1-Ccr4 deadenylase complex, is involved in regulating the expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc. The c-myc mRNA contains cis elements (CPEs) in its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), which are recognized by the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB). CPEB recruits Caf1 deadenylase through interaction with Tob to form a ternary complex, CPEB-Tob-Caf1, and negatively regulates the expression of c-myc by accelerating the deadenylation and decay of its mRNA. In quiescent cells, c-myc mRNA is destabilized by the trans-acting complex (CPEB-Tob-Caf1), while in cells stimulated by the serum, both Tob and Caf1 are released from CPEB, and c-Myc expression is induced early after stimulation by the stabilization of its mRNA as an 'immediate-early gene'. Collectively, these results indicate that Tob is a key factor in the regulation of c-myc gene expression, which is essential for cell growth. Thus, Tob appears to function in the control of cell growth at least, in part, by regulating the expression of c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogami
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Hosoda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Funakoshi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Lin S, Zhu Q, Xu Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Xu J, Wang H, Sang Q, Xing Q, Fan J. The role of the TOB1 gene in growth suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:981-987. [PMID: 23162636 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The TOB1 gene, mapped on 17q21, is a member of the BTG/Tob family. In breast cancer it has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. However, whether TOB1 is a bona fide tumor suppressor and downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In addition, whether its expression is regulated through methylation requires investigation. In the present study, we therefore analyzed the expression of TOB1 in HCC and its methylation levels in human HCC and breast cancer. No significant difference in the expression levels of TOB1 was observed between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in HCC. Quantitative methylation analysis by MassArray revealed no significant differences at single CpG sites or in the global promoter region, and all these CpG sites shared a similar methylation pattern in HCC and breast cancer. Moreover, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment of three tumor cell lines did not cause elevation of TOB1 mRNA in HepG2 cell lines. Based on these data, we speculate that TOB1 may be a candidate non-tumor suppressor gene in HCC. Furthermore, the clinical outcome was not correlated with TOB1 expression or expression rate. In addition, TOB1 expression or expression rate was not correlated with the overall survival (OS) rates or cumulative recurrence rates. Taken together, we suggest that TOB1 does not act as a tumor suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyu Lin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032; ; School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R. China
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Shimizu N, Kawakami K, Ishitani T. Visualization and exploration of Tcf/Lef function using a highly responsive Wnt/β-catenin signaling-reporter transgenic zebrafish. Dev Biol 2012; 370:71-85. [PMID: 22842099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved Tcf/Lef transcription factors (Lef1, Tcf7, Tcf7l1, and Tcf7l2) mediate gene expression regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which has multiple roles in early embryogenesis, organogenesis, adult tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of Tcf/Lef activity during these events remain poorly understood. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish lines carrying a new Wnt/β-catenin signaling reporter, Tcf/Lef-miniP:dGFP. The reporter revealed the transcriptional activities of four Tcf/Lef members controlled by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which were expressed in known Wnt/β-catenin signaling-active sites during embryogenesis, organ development and growth, and tissue regeneration. We used the transgenic lines to demonstrate the contribution of Tcf/Lef-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to the development of the anterior lateral line, dorsal and secondary posterior lateral lines, and gill filaments. Thus, these reporter lines are highly useful tools for studying Tcf/Lef-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Kundu J, Wahab SMR, Kundu JK, Choi YL, Erkin OC, Lee HS, Park SG, Shin YK. Tob1 induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by activating Smad4 and inhibiting β‑catenin signaling. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:839-48. [PMID: 22710759 PMCID: PMC3582759 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transducer of ErbB-2.1 (Tob1), a tumor suppressor protein, is inactivated in a variety of cancers including stomach cancer. However, the role of Tob1 in gastric carcinogenesis remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate whether Tob1 could inhibit gastric cancer progression in vitro, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. We found differential expression of Tob1 in human gastric cancer (MKN28, AGS and MKN1) cells. The overexpression of Tob1 induced apoptosis in MKN28 and AGS cells, which was associated with sub-G1 arrest, activation of caspase-3, induction of Bax, inhibition of Bcl-2 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, Tob1 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, which were reversed in MKN1 and AGS cells transfected with Tob1 siRNA. Overexpression of Tob1 in MKN28 and AGS cells induced the expression of Smad4, leading to the increased expression and the promoter activity of p15, which was diminished by silencing of Tob1 using specific siRNA. Tob1 decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in MKN28 and AGS cells, resulting in the reduced protein expression and the transcriptional activity of β‑catenin, which in turn decreased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and peroxisome proliferator and activator receptor-δ (PPARδ). Conversely, silencing of Tob1 induced the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, and increased the expression of β‑catenin and its target genes. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the overexpression of Tob1 inhibits gastric cancer progression by activating Smad4- and inhibiting β‑catenin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthika Kundu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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GSK-3 activity is critical for the orientation of the cortical microtubules and the dorsoventral axis determination in zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36655. [PMID: 22574208 PMCID: PMC3345025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dorsal-ventral (D–V) axis is the earliest event that breaks the radial symmetry and determines the bilateral body plan of a vertebrate embryo, however, the maternal control of this process is not fully understood. Here, we discovered a new dorsalizing window of acute lithium treatment, which covers only less than 10 minutes after fertilization. Lithium treatment in this window was not able to reverse the ventralized phenotype in tokkeabi (tkk) mutant embryos, and its dorsalizing activity on wild-type embryos was inhibited by nocodazole co-treatment. These evidences indicate that the underlying mechanism is independent of a direct activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but depends on the upstream level of the microtubule mediated dorsal determinant transport. In order to identify the target of lithium in this newly discovered sensitive window, GSK-3 inhibitor IX as well as the IMPase inhibitor L690, 330 treatments were performed. We found that only GSK-3 inhibitor IX treatment mimicked the lithium treatment in the dorsalizing activity. Further study showed that the parallel pattern of cortical microtubules in the vegetal pole region and the directed migration of the Wnt8a mRNA were randomized by either lithium or GSK-3 inhibitor IX treatment. These results thus revealed an early and critical role of GSK-3 activity that regulates the orientation of the cortical microtubules and the directed transport of the dorsal determinants in zebrafish embryos.
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Protein Phosphatase 4 Cooperates with Smads to Promote BMP Signaling in Dorsoventral Patterning of Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1065-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang M, Xu P, Huang H, Wu D, Meng A. The Amotl2 gene inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulates embryonic development in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13005-15. [PMID: 22362771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Motin family proteins can regulate cell polarity, cell mobility, and proliferation during embryonic development by controlling distinct signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that amotl2 knockdown in zebrafish wild-type embryos results in embryonic dorsalization, and this effect can be antagonized by co-knockdown of the dorsal inducer β-catenin2. Overexpression of amotl2 in masterblind (mbl) homozygous embryos, in which canonical Wnt signaling is up-regulated due to an axin1 mutation, transforms eyeless phenotype into smaller eyes, whereas co-knockdown of amot, amotl1, and amotl2 leads to development of smaller eyes in mbl heterozygotes. In cultured mammalian cells, Motin family members all possess the ability to attenuate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Focusing on Amotl2, we show that Amotl2 can associate with and trap β-catenin in the Rab11-positive recycling endosomes, and as a result, the amount of β-catenin in the cytosol and nucleus is reduced. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into functions of Motin family members and regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- State-Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Jiao Y, Sun KK, Zhao L, Xu JY, Wang LL, Fan SJ. Suppression of human lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro by the transducer of ErbB-2.1 (TOB1). Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:250-60. [PMID: 22158108 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the transducer of ErbB-2.1 (TOB1) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human lung cancer cell lines (95-D, A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H1975, NCI-H661, NCI-H446, NCI-H1395, and Calu-3) and the normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line were tested. The expression levels of TOB1 in the cells were determined with Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. TOB1-overexpressing cell line 95-D/TOB1 was constructed using lipofectamine-induced TOB1 recombinant plasmid transfection and selective G418 cell culture. The A549 cells were transcend-transfected with TOB1-siRNA. MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were used to examine the effects of TOB1 on cancer cell proliferation and wound healing. Transwell invasive assay was performed to evaluate the effects of TOB1 on cancer cell migration and invasion. The activity of MMP2 and MMP9 was measured using gelatin zymography assay. RESULTS The expression levels of TOB1 in the 8 human lung cancer cell lines were significantly lower than that in HBE cells. TOB1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of 95-D cells, whereas TOB1 knockdown with TOB1-siRNA promoted the growth of A549 cells. Decreased cell migration and invasion were detected in 95-D/TOB1 cells, and the suppression of TOB1 enhanced the metastasis in A549 cells. TOB1 overexpression not only increased the expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), an important tumor suppressor, but also regulated the downstream effectors in the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway, including Akt, ERK1/2, etc. In contrast, decreased expression of TOB1 oppositely regulated the expression of these factors. TOB1 also regulates the gelatinase activity of MMP2 and MMP9 in lung cancer cells. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the PI3K/PTEN pathway, which is essential for carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, may be one of the possible signaling pathways for regulation of proliferation and metastasis of human lung cancer cells by TOB1 in vitro.
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Li Y, Li Q, Long Y, Cui Z. Lzts2 regulates embryonic cell movements and dorsoventral patterning through interaction with and export of nuclear β-catenin in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:45116-30. [PMID: 22057270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 (Lzts2) functions in the development and progression of various tumors, but its activities in vertebrate embryogenesis remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that lzts2 transcripts are of maternal origin in zebrafish embryos. Activation of BMP signaling up-regulates zygotic expression of lzts2, whereas canonical Wnt signaling acts upstream of BMP signaling to inhibit lzts2 expression. Abrogation of lzts2 expression by its specific morpholino-enhanced gastrula convergence and extension (CE) movements, dorsalized early embryos, and inhibited specification of midline progenitors for pancreas, liver, and heart. In contrast, ectopic expression of lzts2 led to the delay of CE movements and midline convergence of organ progenitors and resulted in a certain ratio of ventralized embryos. Mechanistically, Lzts2 regulates the migration of embryonic cells and dorsoventral patterning through its limitation of Wnt/β-catenin activity, because it physically interacts with β-catenin-1 and -2 and transports them out of the nucleus. In addition, both β-catenin-1 and -2 exhibit redundant functions in activation of Stat3 signaling and in induction of Wnt5/11 expression through inhibition of BMP signaling and stimulation of Cyclops and Squint expression. Thus, Lzts2 regulates gastrula CE movements, dorsoventral patterning, and midline convergence and specification of organ precursors through interaction with and the export of nuclear β-catenins in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Wang Y, Li Z, Xu P, Huang L, Tong J, Huang H, Meng A. Angiomotin-like2 gene (amotl2) is required for migration and proliferation of endothelial cells during angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41095-104. [PMID: 21937427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.296806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis involves sprouting, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells. The angiomotin-like2 gene (amotl2) has been found in blood vessels in zebrafish embryos, but its function in angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown of amotl2 in zebrafish Tg(fli1:EGFP)(y1) and Tg(fli1:nEGFP)(y7) transgenic embryos impairs the intersegmental vessel growth and suppresses proliferation of endothelial cells. Transplantation experiments indicate that function of amotl2 in intersegmental vessel growth is cell-autonomous. AMOTL2 knockdown in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells also inhibits cell proliferation and migration and disrupts cell polarity, ultimately interrupting the formation of vascular tube-like structures. Amotl2 promotes MAPK/ERK activation via c-Src, which is dependent on phosphorylation of tyrosine residue at position 103 but independent of the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain. Taking together, our data indicate that Amotl2 plays a pivotal role in polarity, migration and proliferation of angiogenic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Wang
- State-key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Engineering, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract
Vertebrate development begins with precise molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic controls to establish the basic body plan of the embryo. In zebrafish, these tightly regulated processes begin during oogenesis and proceed through gastrulation to establish and pattern the axes of the embryo. During oogenesis a maternal factor is localized to the vegetal pole of the oocyte that is a determinant of dorsal tissues. Following fertilization this vegetally localized dorsal determinant is asymmetrically translocated in the egg and initiates formation of the dorsoventral axis. Dorsoventral axis formation and patterning is then mediated by maternal and zygotic factors acting through Wnt, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), Nodal, and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) signaling pathways, each of which is required to establish and/or pattern the dorsoventral axis. This review addresses recent advances in our understanding of the molecular factors and mechanisms that establish and pattern the dorsoventral axis of the zebrafish embryo, including establishment of the animal-vegetal axis as it relates to formation of the dorsoventral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette G Langdon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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41
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Yuan J, Cao JY, Tang ZL, Wang N, Li K. Molecular characterization of Tob1 in muscle development in pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4315-26. [PMID: 21845080 PMCID: PMC3155353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is an important biological process during myogenesis. Tob1 encoded a member of the Tob/BTG family of anti-proliferative proteins. Our previous LongSAGE (Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) analysis suggested that Tob1 was differentially expressed during prenatal skeletal muscle development. In this study, we isolated and characterized the swine Tob1 gene. Subsequently, we examined Tob1 chromosome assignment, subcellular localization and dynamic expression profile in prenatal skeletal muscle (33, 65 and 90 days post-conception, dpc) from Landrace (lean-type) and Tongcheng pigs (obese-type). The Tob1 gene was mapped to pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The Tob1 protein was distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of PK15 cells. During prenatal skeletal muscle development, Tob1 was up-regulated and highly expressed in skeletal muscle at 90 dpc in Tongcheng pigs but peaked at 65 dpc in Landrace pigs. This result suggested that there were different proliferation patterns during myogenesis between Tongcheng and Landrace pigs. During postnatal skeletal muscle development, the expression of Tob1 increased with aging, indicating that the proliferation potential of myoblasts decreased in postnatal muscle development. In tissues of adult wuzhishan miniature pigs, the Tob1 gene was highly expressed in skeletal muscle. The expression of Tob1 was significantly increased at day 6 during C2C12 differentiation time, suggesting a possible role in skeletal muscle development. Therefore, this study indicated that Tob1 perhaps played an important role in skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; E-Mail:
- Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ji-Yue Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-Y.C.); (Z.-L.T.); Tel.: +86-27-87281593 (J.-Y.C.); +86-10-62818180 (Z.-L.T.); Fax: +86-10-62818180 (Z.-L.T.)
| | - Zhong-Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-Y.C.); (Z.-L.T.); Tel.: +86-27-87281593 (J.-Y.C.); +86-10-62818180 (Z.-L.T.); Fax: +86-10-62818180 (Z.-L.T.)
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, Helongjiang 150030, China; E-Mail:
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory for Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; E-Mail:
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42
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Liu Z, Lin X, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Han C, Jia S, Meng A, Wang Q. Global identification of SMAD2 target genes reveals a role for multiple co-regulatory factors in zebrafish early gastrulas. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28520-32. [PMID: 21669877 PMCID: PMC3151094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal and Smad2/3 signals play pivotal roles in mesendoderm induction and axis determination during late blastulation and early gastrulation in vertebrate embryos. However, Smad2/3 direct target genes during those critical developmental stages have not been systematically identified. Here, through ChIP-chip assay, we show that the promoter/enhancer regions of 679 genes are bound by Smad2 in the zebrafish early gastrulas. Expression analyses confirm that a significant proportion of Smad2 targets are indeed subjected to Nodal/Smad2 regulation at the onset of gastrulation. The co-existence of DNA-binding sites of other transcription factors in the Smad2-bound regions allows the identification of well known Smad2-binding partners, such as FoxH1 and Lef1/β-catenin, as well as many previously unknown Smad2 partners, including Oct1 and Gata6, during embryogenesis. We demonstrate that Oct1 physically associates with and enhances the transcription and mesendodermal induction activity of Smad2, whereas Gata6 exerts an inhibitory role in Smad2 signaling and mesendodermal induction. Thus, our study systemically uncovers a large number of Smad2 targets in early gastrulas and suggests cooperative roles of Smad2 and other transcription factors in controlling target gene transcription, which will be valuable for studying regulatory cascades during germ layer formation and patterning of vertebrate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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Paul P, van den Hoorn T, Jongsma MLM, Bakker MJ, Hengeveld R, Janssen L, Cresswell P, Egan DA, van Ham M, Ten Brinke A, Ovaa H, Beijersbergen RL, Kuijl C, Neefjes J. A Genome-wide multidimensional RNAi screen reveals pathways controlling MHC class II antigen presentation. Cell 2011; 145:268-83. [PMID: 21458045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MHC class II molecules (MHC-II) present peptides to T helper cells to facilitate immune responses and are strongly linked to autoimmune diseases. To unravel processes controlling MHC-II antigen presentation, we performed a genome-wide flow cytometry-based RNAi screen detecting MHC-II expression and peptide loading followed by additional high-throughput assays. All data sets were integrated to answer two fundamental questions: what regulates tissue-specific MHC-II transcription, and what controls MHC-II transport in dendritic cells? MHC-II transcription was controlled by nine regulators acting in feedback networks with higher-order control by signaling pathways, including TGFβ. MHC-II transport was controlled by the GTPase ARL14/ARF7, which recruits the motor myosin 1E via an effector protein ARF7EP. This complex controls movement of MHC-II vesicles along the actin cytoskeleton in human dendritic cells (DCs). These genome-wide systems analyses have thus identified factors and pathways controlling MHC-II transcription and transport, defining targets for manipulation of MHC-II antigen presentation in infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anti-proliferative protein Tob negatively regulates CPEB3 target by recruiting Caf1 deadenylase. EMBO J 2011; 30:1311-23. [PMID: 21336257 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tob is a member of the anti-proliferative protein family, which functions in transcription and mRNA decay. We have previously demonstrated that Tob is involved in the general mechanism of mRNA decay by mediating mRNA deadenylation through interaction with Caf1 and a general RNA-binding protein, PABPC1. Here, we focus on the role of Tob in the regulation of specific mRNA. We show that Tob binds directly to a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3). CPEB3 negatively regulates the expression of a target by accelerating deadenylation and decay of its mRNA, which it achieves by tethering to the mRNA. The carboxyl-terminal RNA-binding domain of CPEB3 binds to the carboxyl-terminal unstructured region of Tob. Tob then binds Caf1 deadenylase and recruits it to CPEB3 to form a ternary complex. The CPEB3-accelerated deadenylation was abrogated by a dominant-negative mutant of either Caf1 or Tob. Together, these results indicate that Tob mediates the recruitment of Caf1 to the target of CPEB3 and elicits deadenylation and decay of the mRNA. Our results provide an explanation of how Tob regulates specific biological processes.
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yang X, Wang Y, Ren F, Liu H, Zhai Y, Jia B, Yu J, Chang Z. p15RS attenuates Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling by disrupting {beta}-catenin·TCF4 Interaction. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34621-31. [PMID: 20739273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.148791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a β-catenin·TCF4 complex in the nucleus of cells is well known as a prerequisite for the transcription of Wnt target genes. Although many co-factors have been identified to regulate the activity of the β-catenin·TCF4 complex, it remains unclear how the complex association is negatively regulated. In this study, we report that p15RS, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, blocks β-catenin·TCF4 complex formation and inhibits Wnt signaling. We observed that p15RS interacts with β-catenin and TCF4. Interestingly, whereas the interaction of p15RS with β-catenin is increased, its interaction with TCF4 is decreased upon Wnt1 stimulation. Moreover, overexpression of p15RS reduces the interaction of β-catenin with TCF4, whereas the depletion of p15RS enhances their interaction. We further demonstrate that overexpression of p15RS suppresses canonical Wnt signaling and results in retarded cell growth, whereas depletion of p15RS shows an enhanced effect on Wnt signaling. We analyzed that inhibition of Wnt signaling by p15RS leads to decreased expression of CYCLIN D1 and c-MYC, two Wnt targeted genes critical for cell growth. Our data suggest that p15RS inhibits Wnt signaling by interrupting β-catenin·TCF4 complex formation and that Wnt signaling initiates downstream gene expression by removing p15RS from promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyuan Wu
- School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Caveolin-1 regulates dorsoventral patterning through direct interaction with β-catenin in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2010; 344:210-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nie J, Wang H, He F, Huang H. Nusap1 is essential for neural crest cell migration in zebrafish. Protein Cell 2010; 1:259-66. [PMID: 21203972 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play important roles in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation to maintain normal cell cycle progression. A number of microtubule-associated proteins have been identified in epithelial and neural cell cultures; however, their physiological significance is not well characterized due to the lack of appropriate in vivo animal models. Nucleolar spindle-associated protein (NuSAP) is a microtubule-binding protein and is reported to be involved in mitosis by cell culture studies. In this report, we identified the zebrafish homologue of human NuSAP and investigated its expression profile and functions. Using in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that transcripts of zebrafish nusap1 are specifically expressed in the retina, forebrain, hindbrain and neural crest. When the in vivo expression of nusap1 was knocked down through antisense oligonucleotide morpholino technology, the morphants of nusap1 showed impaired morphogenesis in the trunk and yolk extension, implying the involvement of Nusap1 in cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that nusap1 morphants have an altered expression pattern of neural crest markers crestin and sox9b, but normal expression of blood vessel and notochord markers gata1 and shh. In addition, nusap1 mRNA injection caused serious apoptosis in retina and hindbrain tissue, and these phenotypes can be rescued by co-injection of morpholino against nusap1. These observations not only suggest a role for Nusap1 in connecting apoptosis with cell migration, but also provide strong evidences that Nusap1 is potentially involved in morphogenesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Biology Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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48
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Zhang Y, Li X, Qi J, Wang J, Liu X, Zhang H, Lin SC, Meng A. Rock2 controls TGFbeta signaling and inhibits mesoderm induction in zebrafish embryos. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2197-207. [PMID: 19509062 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho-associated serine/threonine kinases Rock1 and Rock2 play important roles in cell contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Here we report that Rock2 acts as a negative regulator of the TGFbeta signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Rock2 binds to and accelerates the lysosomal degradation of TGFbeta type I receptors internalized from the cell surface in mammalian cells. The inhibitory effect of Rock2 on TGFbeta signaling requires its kinase activity. In zebrafish embryos, injection of rock2a mRNA attenuates the expression of mesodermal markers during late blastulation and blocks the induction of mesoderm by ectopic Nodal signals. By contrast, overexpression of a dominant negative form of zebrafish rock2a, dnrock2a, has an opposite effect on mesoderm induction, suggesting that Rock2 proteins are endogenous inhibitors for mesoderm induction. Thus, our data have unraveled previously unidentified functions of Rock2, in controlling TGFbeta signaling as well as in regulating embryonic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Protein Science Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Tzachanis D, Boussiotis VA. Tob, a member of the APRO family, regulates immunological quiescence and tumor suppression. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1019-25. [PMID: 19270514 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.7.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a state characterized by decreased cell size and metabolic activity. Quiescence acts to reduce the resources, energy and space. Quiescence might also protect cells from accumulating metabolic damage that could result in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that cell quiescence is an actively maintained rather than a default state in the absence of signals. Quiescence factors represent potential tumor suppressor genes because alterations in their expression or function contribute to progression of malignancies. There is growing evidence that quiescence is under active transcriptional control. The regulation of cell proliferation involves dozens of extracellular signals and intracellular factors of various types. In the present review we will focus on the role of Tob, a member of the APRO family members in regulating cellular quiescence and inhibition of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tzachanis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Gao X, Wen J, Zhang L, Li X, Ning Y, Meng A, Chen YG. Dapper1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that negatively modulates Wnt signaling in the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:35679-88. [PMID: 18936100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804088200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling, via the activation of the canonical beta-catenin and lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)/T-cell factor pathway, plays an important role in embryogenesis and cancer development by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dapper (Dpr), as a Dishevelled interactor, has been suggested to modulate Wnt signaling by promoting Dishevelled degradation. Here, we provide evidence that Dpr1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Although overexpressed Dpr1 was mainly found in the cytoplasm, endogenous Dpr1 was localized over the cell, and Wnt1 induced its nuclear export. Treatment with leptomycin B induced nuclear accumulation of both endogenous and overexpressed Dpr1. We further identified the nuclear localization signal and the nuclear export signal within Dpr1. Using reporter assay and in vivo zebrafish embryo assay, we demonstrated that the forced nuclearly localized Dpr1 possessed the ability to antagonize Wnt signaling. Dpr1 interacted with beta-catenin and LEF1 and disrupted their complex formation. Furthermore, Dpr1 could associate with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and enhance the LEF1-HDAC1 interaction. Together, our findings suggest that Dpr1 negatively modulates the basal activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the nucleus by keeping LEF1 in the repressive state. Thus, Dpr1 controls Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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