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Chong ZZ, Menkes DL, Souayah N. Pathogenesis underlying hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:85-97. [PMID: 37525497 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations in C9orf72 and the resulting hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) expansion (HRE) has been identified as a major cause of familial ALS, accounting for about 40 % of familial and 6 % of sporadic cases of ALS in Western patients. The pathological outcomes of HRE expansion in ALS have been recognized as the results of two mechanisms that include both the toxic gain-of-function and loss-of-function of C9ORF72. The gain of toxicity results from RNA and dipeptide repeats (DPRs). The HRE can be bidirectionally transcribed into RNA foci, which can bind to and disrupt RNA splicing, transport, and translation. The DPRs that include poly-glycine-alanine, poly-glycine-proline, poly-glycine- arginine, poly-proline-alanine, and poly-proline-arginine can induce toxicity by direct binding and sequestrating other proteins to interfere rRNA synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, translation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The C9ORF72 functions through binding to its partners-Smith-Magenis chromosome regions 8 (SMCR8) and WD repeat-containing protein (WDR41). Loss of C9ORF72 function results in impairment of autophagy, deregulation of autoimmunity, increased stress, and disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Further insight into the mechanism in C9ORF72 HRE pathogenesis will facilitate identifying novel and effective therapeutic targets for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Daniel L Menkes
- Department of Neurology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3555 West 13 Mile Road, Suite N120, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Nizar Souayah
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street DOC 8100, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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Li Q, Huang Z, Peng Y, Wang X, Jiang G, Wang T, Mou K, Feng W. RanBP3 Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis and Chemosensitivity of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Mediating SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 Nuclear Transport. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698410. [PMID: 34504783 PMCID: PMC8421687 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal subcellular localization of proteins is an important cause of tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), the nuclear export regulator of most proteins, has been confirmed to be over-expressed in various malignancies and is regarded as an efficient target. But the potential role of the CRM1 cofactor RanBP3 (Ran Binding Protein 3) is left unrevealed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we first detected the level of RanBP3 in CML and found an elevated RanBP3 expression in CML compared with control. Then we used shRNA lentivirus to down-regulated RanBP3 in imatinib sensitive K562 cells and resistant K562/G01 cells and found RanBP3 silencing inhibited cell proliferation by up-regulating p21, induced caspase3-related cell apoptosis, and enhanced the drug sensitivity of IM in vitro. Notably, we observed that RanBP3 silencing restored imatinib sensitivity of K562 cells in NOD/SCID mice. Mechanistically, the nuclear aggregation of SMAD2/3 revealed that tumor suppressor axis (TGF-β)-SMAD2/3-p21 was the anti-proliferation program related to RanBP3 knockdown, and the decrease of cytoplasmic ERK1/2 caused by RanBP3 interference leaded to the down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein p(Ser112)-BAD, which was the mechanism of increased cell apoptosis and enhanced chemosensitivity to imatinib in CML. In summary, this study revealed the expression and potential role of RanBP3 in CML, suggesting that targeting RanBP3 alone or combined with TKIs could improve the clinical response of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Mou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tang W, Zhu Y, Qin W, Zhang H, Zhang H, Lin H, Zhen X, Zhuang X, Tang Y, Jiang H. Ran-binding protein 3 is associated with human spermatogenesis and male infertility. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13446. [PMID: 31833110 DOI: 10.1111/and.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran-binding protein 3 (RanBP3) is a Ran-interacting protein, which participates in the Ran GTPase system in cancer cell biology. However, the expression pattern and physiological role of RanBP3 remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that RanBP3 was expressed in human testes and localised to spermatogonium and spermatocyte of germ cells. In subcellular structure, its localisation is in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Interestingly, compared with normal groups, RanBP3 expression was lower in groups of patients with Maturation Arrest (MA) and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO) when considered by the Johnson Score. RanBP3 expression in the MA group and SCO groups was dramatically lower than that in the normal control group. Studies have shown that RanBP3, which is one of the helper factors of Ran, is mainly participate in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of cells. RanBP3 helps Ran to achieve some functions such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, spindle assembly during mitosis and nuclear assembly after mitosis. Consequent changes in the expression of RanBP3 may associate with human spermatogenesis disorders and male infertility. The identification and characterisation of RanBP3 enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning its function in human spermatogenesis and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Tang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission (Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Zhuang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunge Tang
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive and Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission (Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yuen HF, Chan KK, Grills C, Murray JT, Platt-Higgins A, Eldin OS, O'Byrne K, Janne P, Fennell DA, Johnston PG, Rudland PS, El-Tanani M. Ran is a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells with molecular changes associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:380-91. [PMID: 22090358 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells have been shown to be more susceptible to Ran knockdown than normal cells. We now investigate whether Ran is a potential therapeutic target of cancers with frequently found mutations that lead to higher Ras/MEK/ERK [mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; MEK)] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTORC1 activities. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry [propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V staining] and MTT assay in cancer cells grown under different conditions after knockdown of Ran. The correlations between Ran expression and patient survival were examined in breast and lung cancers. RESULTS Cancer cells with their PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways inhibited are less susceptible to Ran silencing-induced apoptosis. K-Ras-mutated, c-Met-amplified, and Pten-deleted cancer cells are also more susceptible to Ran silencing-induced apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts and this effect is reduced by inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and MEK/ERK pathways. Overexpression of Ran in clinical specimens is significantly associated with poor patient outcome in both breast and lung cancers. This association is dramatically enhanced in cancers with increased c-Met or osteopontin expression, or with oncogenic mutations of K-Ras or PIK3CA, all of which are mutations that potentially correlate with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and/or Ras/MEK/ERK pathways. Silencing Ran also results in dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport of transcription factors and downregulation of Mcl-1 expression, at the transcriptional level, which are reversed by inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and MEK/ERK pathways. CONCLUSION Ran is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of cancers with mutations/changes of expression in protooncogenes that lead to activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Fung Yuen
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Zhang R, Mehla R, Chauhan A. Perturbation of host nuclear membrane component RanBP2 impairs the nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus -1 preintegration complex (DNA). PLoS One 2010; 5:e15620. [PMID: 21179483 PMCID: PMC3001881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is a RNA virus that requires an intermediate DNA phase via reverse transcription (RT) step in order to establish productive infection in the host cell. The nascent viral DNA synthesized via RT step and the preformed viral proteins are assembled into pre-integration complex (PIC) in the cell cytoplasm. To integrate the viral DNA into the host genome, the PIC must cross cell nuclear membrane through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). RanBP2, also known as Nup358, is a major component of the cytoplasmic filaments that emanates from the nuclear pore complex and has been implicated in various nucleo-cytoplasmic transport pathways including those for HIV Rev-protein. We sought to investigate the role of RanBP2 in HIV-1 replication. In our investigations, we found that RanBP2 depletion via RNAi resulted in profound inhibition of HIV-1 infection and played a pivotal role in the nuclear entry of HIV DNA. More precisely, there was a profound decline in 2-LTR DNA copies (marker for nuclear entry of HIV DNA) and an unchanged level of viral reverse transcription in RanBP2-ablated HIV-infected cells compared to RanBP3-depleted or non-specific siRNA controls. We further demonstrated that the function of Rev was unaffected in RanBP2-depleted latently HIV infected cells (reactivated). We also serendipitously found that RanBP2 depletion inhibited the global ectopic gene expression. In conclusion, RanBP2 is a host factor that is involved in the nuclear import of HIV-1 PIC (DNA), but is not critical to the nuclear export of the viral mRNAs or nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Rev. RanBP2 could be a potential target for efficient inhibition of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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