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Xie L, Wu G, Liu X, Duan X, Zhou K, Li H, Ning W. The TRIP6/LATS1 complex constitutes the tension sensor of α-catenin/vinculin at both bicellular and tricellular junctions. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151426. [PMID: 38805800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell mechanotransduction regulates tissue development and homeostasis. α-catenin, the core component of adherens junctions, functions as a tension sensor and transducer by recruiting vinculin and transducing signals that influence cell behaviors. α-catenin/vinculin complex-mediated mechanotransduction regulates multiple pathways, such as Hippo pathway. However, their associations with the α-catenin-based tension sensors at cell junctions are still not fully addressed. Here, we uncovered the TRIP6/LATS1 complex co-localizes with α-catenin/vinculin at both bicellular junctions (BCJs) and tricellular junctions (TCJs). The localization of TRIP6/LATS1 complex to both TCJs and BCJs requires ROCK1 and α-catenin. Treatment by cytochalasin B, Y-27632 and blebbistatin all impaired the BCJ and TCJ junctional localization of TRIP6/LATS1, indicating that the junctional localization of TRIP6/LATS1 is mechanosensitive. The α-catenin/vinculin/TRIP6/LATS1 complex strongly localized to TCJs and exhibited a discontinuous button-like pattern on BCJs. Additionally, we developed and validated an α-catenin/vinculin BiFC-based mechanosensor that co-localizes with TRIP6/LATS1 at BCJs and TCJs. The mechanosensor exhibited a discontinuous distribution and motile signals at BCJs. Overall, our study revealed that TRIP6 and LATS1 are novel compositions of the tension sensor, together with the core complex of α-catenin/vinculin, at both the BCJs and TCJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Gangyun Wu
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiayu Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiufen Duan
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhou
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hua Li
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Wenxiu Ning
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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2
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Zhou X, Wu X, Pei C, He M, Chu M, Guo X, Liang C, Bao P, Yan P. Integrative analysis of Iso-Seq and RNA-seq data reveals transcriptome complexity and differential isoform in skin tissues of different hair length Yak. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:498. [PMID: 38773419 PMCID: PMC11106907 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hair follicle development process is regulated by sophisticated genes and signaling networks, and the hair grows from the hair follicle. The Tianzhu white yak population exhibits differences in hair length, especially on the forehead and shoulder region. However, the genetic mechanism is still unclear. Isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) technology with advantages in long reads sequencing. Hence, we combined the Iso-seq and RNA-seq methods to investigate the transcript complexity and difference between long-haired yak (LHY) and normal-haired yak (NHY). RESULTS The hair length measurement result showed a significant difference between LHY and NHY on the forehead and the shoulder (P-value < 0.001). The skin samples from the forehead and the shoulder of LHY and NHY were pooled for isoform sequencing (Iso-seq). We obtained numerous long transcripts, including novel isoforms, long non-coding RNA, alternative splicing events, and alternative polyadenylation events. Combined with RNA-seq data, we performed differential isoforms (DEIs) analysis between LHY and NHY. We found that some hair follicle and skin development-related DEIs, like BMP4, KRT2, IGF2R, and COL1A2 in the forehead skin; BMP1, KRT1, FGF5, COL2A1, and IGFBP5 in the shoulder skin. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEIs in both two comparable groups significantly participated in skin and hair follicle development-related pathways, like ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The results indicated that the hair follicle development of Tianzhu white yak may influence the hair length difference. Besides, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEIs showed COL2A1 and COL3A1 exhibited a high degree of centrality, and these two genes were suggested as potential candidates for the hair length growth of Tianzhu white yak. CONCLUSIONS The results provided a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome complexity and identified differential transcripts that enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the variation in hair length growth in Tianzhu white yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chengfang Pei
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Tianzhu County, 733000, Wuwei, P.R. China
| | - Meilan He
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Tianzhu County, 733000, Wuwei, P.R. China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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3
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Alasaadi DN, Alvizi L, Hartmann J, Stillman N, Moghe P, Hiiragi T, Mayor R. Competence for neural crest induction is controlled by hydrostatic pressure through Yap. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:530-541. [PMID: 38499770 PMCID: PMC11021196 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic induction is a key mechanism in development that corresponds to an interaction between a signalling and a responding tissue, causing a change in the direction of differentiation by the responding tissue. Considerable progress has been achieved in identifying inductive signals, yet how tissues control their responsiveness to these signals, known as competence, remains poorly understood. While the role of molecular signals in competence has been studied, how tissue mechanics influence competence remains unexplored. Here we investigate the role of hydrostatic pressure in controlling competence in neural crest cells, an embryonic cell population. We show that neural crest competence decreases concomitantly with an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the blastocoel, an embryonic cavity in contact with the prospective neural crest. By manipulating hydrostatic pressure in vivo, we show that this increase leads to the inhibition of Yap signalling and impairs Wnt activation in the responding tissue, which would be required for neural crest induction. We further show that hydrostatic pressure controls neural crest induction in amphibian and mouse embryos and in human cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism across vertebrates. Our work sets out how tissue mechanics can interplay with signalling pathways to regulate embryonic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan N Alasaadi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonas Hartmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Namid Stillman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Prachiti Moghe
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Zheng P, Kumadaki K, Quek C, Lim ZH, Ashenafi Y, Yip ZT, Newby J, Alverson AJ, Jie Y, Jedd G. Cooperative motility, force generation and mechanosensing in a foraging non-photosynthetic diatom. Open Biol 2023; 13:230148. [PMID: 37788707 PMCID: PMC10547550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are ancestrally photosynthetic microalgae. However, some underwent a major evolutionary transition, losing photosynthesis to become obligate heterotrophs. The molecular and physiological basis for this transition is unclear. Here, we isolate and characterize new strains of non-photosynthetic diatoms from the coastal waters of Singapore. These diatoms occupy diverse ecological niches and display glucose-mediated catabolite repression, a classical feature of bacterial and fungal heterotrophs. Live-cell imaging reveals deposition of secreted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Diatoms moving on pre-existing EPS trails (runners) move faster than those laying new trails (blazers). This leads to cell-to-cell coupling where runners can push blazers to make them move faster. Calibrated micropipettes measure substantial single-cell pushing forces, which are consistent with high-order myosin motor cooperativity. Collisions that impede forward motion induce reversal, revealing navigation-related force sensing. Together, these data identify aspects of metabolism and motility that are likely to promote and underpin diatom heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
| | - Kayo Kumadaki
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | | | - Zeng Hao Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonatan Ashenafi
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Zhi Ting Yip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jay Newby
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Andrew J. Alverson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yan Jie
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Gregory Jedd
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Shi B, Matsui T, Qian S, Weiss TM, Nicholl ID, Callaway DJE, Bu Z. An ensemble of cadherin-catenin-vinculin complex employs vinculin as the major F-actin binding mode. Biophys J 2023; 122:2456-2474. [PMID: 37147801 PMCID: PMC10323030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-cell adhesion cadherin-catenin complexes recruit vinculin to the adherens junction (AJ) to modulate the mechanical couplings between neighboring cells. However, it is unclear how vinculin influences the AJ structure and function. Here, we identified two patches of salt bridges that lock vinculin in the head-tail autoinhibited conformation and reconstituted the full-length vinculin activation mimetics bound to the cadherin-catenin complex. The cadherin-catenin-vinculin complex contains multiple disordered linkers and is highly dynamic, which poses a challenge for structural studies. We determined the ensemble conformation of this complex using small-angle x-ray and selective deuteration/contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering. In the complex, both α-catenin and vinculin adopt an ensemble of flexible conformations, but vinculin has fully open conformations with the vinculin head and actin-binding tail domains well separated from each other. F-actin binding experiments show that the cadherin-catenin-vinculin complex binds and bundles F-actin. However, when the vinculin actin-binding domain is removed from the complex, only a minor fraction of the complex binds to F-actin. The results show that the dynamic cadherin-catenin-vinculin complex employs vinculin as the primary F-actin binding mode to strengthen AJ-cytoskeleton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York (CUNY), New York; PhD Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Menlo Park, California
| | - Shuo Qian
- Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Thomas M Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Menlo Park, California
| | - Iain D Nicholl
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - David J E Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York (CUNY), New York.
| | - Zimei Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York (CUNY), New York; PhD Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York.
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6
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Wang J, Fu Y, Huang W, Biswas R, Banerjee A, Broussard JA, Zhao Z, Wang D, Bjerke G, Raghavan S, Yan J, Green KJ, Yi R. MicroRNA-205 promotes hair regeneration by modulating mechanical properties of hair follicle stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220635120. [PMID: 37216502 PMCID: PMC10235966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220635120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffness and actomyosin contractility are intrinsic mechanical properties of animal cells required for the shaping of tissues. However, whether tissue stem cells (SCs) and progenitors located within SC niche have different mechanical properties that modulate their size and function remains unclear. Here, we show that hair follicle SCs in the bulge are stiff with high actomyosin contractility and resistant to size change, whereas hair germ (HG) progenitors are soft and periodically enlarge and contract during quiescence. During activation of hair follicle growth, HGs reduce contraction and more frequently enlarge, a process that is associated with weakening of the actomyosin network, nuclear YAP accumulation, and cell cycle reentry. Induction of miR-205, a novel regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, reduces actomyosin contractility and activates hair regeneration in young and old mice. This study reveals the control of tissue SC size and activities by spatiotemporally compartmentalized mechanical properties and demonstrates the possibility to stimulate tissue regeneration by fine-tuning cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Yuheng Fu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bangalore560065, India
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- A*Star Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore138648, Singapore
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Glen Bjerke
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bangalore560065, India
- A*Star Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore138648, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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7
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Huang W, Fu C, Yan J. Single-Cell Quantification of the Mechanical Stability of Cell-Cell Adherens Junction Using Glass Micropipettes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2600:267-280. [PMID: 36587103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2851-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micropipette-based methods have been widely used for the manipulation of cells and characterization of the mechanical properties at the cell or tissue level. Here, we introduce the glass micropipette-based mechanical assays for the stability of cell-cell adhesion. A probing microbead coated with specific adhesion ligands, captured by a glass micropipette, is manipulated to form the adhesion complexes with the corresponding receptors on a single cell. Once the cell is moving away from the micropipette, forces are generated from 20 pN to 100 nN to the adhesion complexes, which are quantified in real-time based on the bending of the glass micropipette. We specifically emphasize the principle and method to probe the rupturing forces of the adhesion complexes at controlled force loading rates, the ligand coating on the probe microbeads, the force calibration of the glass micropipette, and the applications of the method to probe the E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. The principles can be broadly applied to other cell adhesions such as cell-matrix adhesions, neuronal synapses, and bacterial-cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaoyu Fu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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An SY, Kim HS, Kim SY, Van SY, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Han SW, Kwon IK, Lee CK, Do SH, Hwang YS. Keratin-mediated hair growth and its underlying biological mechanism. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1270. [PMID: 36402892 PMCID: PMC9675858 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that intradermal injection of keratin promotes hair growth in mice, which results from extracellular interaction of keratin with hair forming cells. Extracellular application of keratin induces condensation of dermal papilla cells and the generation of a P-cadherin-expressing cell population (hair germ) from outer root sheath cells via keratin-mediated microenvironmental changes. Exogenous keratin-mediated hair growth is reflected by the finding that keratin exposure from transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2)-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells appears to be critical for dermal papilla cell condensation and P-cadherin-expressing hair germ formation. Immunodepletion or downregulation of keratin released from or expressed in TGFβ2-induced apoptotic outer root sheath cells negatively influences dermal papilla cell condensation and hair germ formation. Our pilot study provides an evidence on initiating hair regeneration and insight into the biological function of keratin exposed from apoptotic epithelial cells in tissue regeneration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeong An
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea ,grid.411311.70000 0004 0532 4733Present Address: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 360-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Van
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jun Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea ,grid.419901.4Present Address: Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Wook Han
- KeraMedix Inc, # 204, Open Innovation Bld, Hongryeung Bio-Cluster, 117-3 Hoegi-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02455 Republic of Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Lee
- Headquarters of New Drug Development Support, Chemon Inc. 15 F, Gyeonggi Bio Center, Cheongju, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
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9
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Bohere J, Eldridge-Thomas BL, Kolahgar G. Vinculin recruitment to α-catenin halts the differentiation and maturation of enterocyte progenitors to maintain homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine. eLife 2022; 11:e72836. [PMID: 36269226 PMCID: PMC9586559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms communicating changes in tissue stiffness and size are particularly relevant in the intestine because it is subject to constant mechanical stresses caused by peristalsis of its variable content. Using the Drosophila intestinal epithelium, we investigate the role of vinculin, one of the best characterised mechanoeffectors, which functions in both cadherin and integrin adhesion complexes. We discovered that vinculin regulates cell fate decisions, by preventing precocious activation and differentiation of intestinal progenitors into absorptive cells. It achieves this in concert with α-catenin at sites of cadherin adhesion, rather than as part of integrin function. Following asymmetric division of the stem cell into a stem cell and an enteroblast (EB), the two cells initially remain connected by adherens junctions, where vinculin is required, only on the EB side, to maintain the EB in a quiescent state and inhibit further divisions of the stem cell. By manipulating cell tension, we show that vinculin recruitment to adherens junction regulates EB activation and numbers. Consequently, removing vinculin results in an enlarged gut with improved resistance to starvation. Thus, mechanical regulation at the contact between stem cells and their progeny is used to control tissue cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bohere
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Buffy L Eldridge-Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Golnar Kolahgar
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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10
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Howard A, Bojko J, Flynn B, Bowen S, Jungwirth U, Walko G. Targeting the Hippo/YAP/TAZ signalling pathway: Novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions into skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1477-1499. [PMID: 35913427 PMCID: PMC9804452 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are by far the most frequently diagnosed human cancers. The closely related transcriptional co-regulator proteins YAP and TAZ (WWTR1) have emerged as important drivers of tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. YAP/TAZ serve as an essential signalling hub by integrating signals from multiple upstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in skin physiology and tumorigenesis and discuss recent efforts of therapeutic interventions that target YAP/TAZ in in both preclinical and clinical settings, as well as their prospects for use as skin cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie Bojko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - Sophie Bowen
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
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Lim R, Banerjee A, Biswas R, Chari AN, Raghavan S. Mechanotransduction through adhesion molecules: Emerging roles in regulating the stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966662. [PMID: 36172276 PMCID: PMC9511051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to play an important role in regenerative medicine due to their proliferative and differentiation potential. The challenge, however, lies in regulating and controlling their potential for this purpose. Stem cells are regulated by growth factors as well as an array of biochemical and mechanical signals. While the role of biochemical signals and growth factors in regulating stem cell homeostasis is well explored, the role of mechanical signals has only just started to be investigated. Stem cells interact with their niche or to other stem cells via adhesion molecules that eventually transduce mechanical cues to maintain their homeostatic function. Here, we present a comprehensive review on our current understanding of the influence of the forces perceived by cell adhesion molecules on the regulation of stem cells. Additionally, we provide insights on how this deeper understanding of mechanobiology of stem cells has translated toward therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lim
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- Sastra University, Thanjavur, TN, India
| | - Anana Nandakumar Chari
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Srikala Raghavan,
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12
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Banerjee A, Biswas R, Lim R, Pasolli HA, Raghavan S. Scanning electron microscopy of murine skin ultrathin sections and cultured keratinocytes. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100729. [PMID: 34458866 PMCID: PMC8379523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating high-quality electron microscopy images of the skin and keratinocytes can be challenging. Here we describe a simple protocol for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of murine skin. The protocol enables characterization of the ultrastructure of the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, basement membrane, and cell-cell junctions. We detail the specific steps for sample preparation and highlight the critical need for proper orientation of the sample for ultrathin sectioning. We also describe the isolation and preparation of primary keratinocyte monolayers for SEM. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Biswas et al. (2021). Visualizing adherens junctions in ultrathin sections of murine skin using SEM Generating nanometer scale sections of murine skin using an ultramicrotome Protocol adaptable for cultured keratinocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinanda Banerjee
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #6-11 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.,Sastra University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Ryan Lim
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #6-11 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, RRB 120F, 1230 York Avenue, Box 230, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, #6-11 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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