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Huang M, Chen B, Chen X, Liu T, Liang S, Hu H, Bai X, Gong Y. RanGAP1 maintains chromosome stability in limb bud mesenchymal cells during bone development. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111222. [PMID: 38729327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone development involves the rapid proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic lineage cells, which makes accurate chromosomal segregation crucial for ensuring cell proliferation and maintaining chromosomal stability. However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of chromosome stability during the rapid proliferation and differentiation of Prx1-expressing limb bud mesenchymal cells into osteoblastic precursor cells remains unexplored. METHODS A transgenic mouse model of RanGAP1 knockout of limb and head mesenchymal progenitor cells was constructed to explore the impact of RanGAP1 deletion on bone development by histomorphology and immunostaining. Subsequently, G-banding karyotyping analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the effects of RanGAP1 deficiency on chromosome instability. Finally, the effects of RanGAP1 deficiency on chromothripsis and bone development signaling pathways were elucidated by whole-genome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and qPCR. RESULTS The ablation of RanGAP1 in limb and head mesenchymal progenitor cells expressing Prx1 in mice resulted in embryonic lethality, severe cartilage and bone dysplasia, and complete loss of cranial vault formation. Moreover, RanGAP1 loss inhibited chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Most importantly, we found that RanGAP1 loss in limb bud mesenchymal cells triggered missegregation of chromosomes, resulting in chromothripsis of chromosomes 1q and 14q, further inhibiting the expression of key genes involved in multiple bone development signaling pathways such as WNT, Hedgehog, TGF-β/BMP, and PI3K/AKT in the chromothripsis regions, ultimately disrupting skeletal development. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish RanGAP1 as a critical regulator of bone development, as it supports this process by preserving chromosome stability in Prx1-expressing limb bud mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bochong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siying Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongling Hu
- Department of Trauma and Joint Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528399, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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2
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Keuper K, Bartek J, Maya-Mendoza A. The nexus of nuclear envelope dynamics, circular economy and cancer cell pathophysiology. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151394. [PMID: 38340500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a critical component in maintaining the function and structure of the eukaryotic nucleus. The NE and lamina are disassembled during each cell cycle to enable an open mitosis. Nuclear architecture construction and deconstruction is a prime example of a circular economy, as it fulfills a highly efficient recycling program bound to continuous assessment of the quality and functionality of the building blocks. Alterations in the nuclear dynamics and lamina structure have emerged as important contributors to both oncogenic transformation and cancer progression. However, the knowledge of the NE breakdown and reassembly is still limited to a fraction of participating proteins and complexes. As cancer cells contain highly diverse nuclei in terms of DNA content, but also in terms of nuclear number, size, and shape, it is of great interest to understand the intricate relationship between these nuclear features in cancer cell pathophysiology. In this review, we provide insights into how those NE dynamics are regulated, and how lamina destabilization processes may alter the NE circular economy. Moreover, we expand the knowledge of the lamina-associated domain region by using strategic algorithms, including Artificial Intelligence, to infer protein associations, assess their function and location, and predict cancer-type specificity with implications for the future of cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Using this approach we identified NUP98 and MECP2 as potential proteins that exhibit upregulation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (LAML) patients with implications for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Keuper
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ren J, Zhao C, Sun R, Sun J, Lu L, Wu J, Li S, Cui L. Augmented drug resistance of osteosarcoma cells within decalcified bone matrix scaffold: The role of glutamine metabolism. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1626-1638. [PMID: 38196144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Due to the lack of a precise in vitro model that can mimic the nature microenvironment in osteosarcoma, the understanding of its resistance to chemical drugs remains limited. Here, we report a novel three-dimensional model of osteosarcoma constructed by seeding tumor cells (MG-63 and MNNG/HOS Cl no. 5) within demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Demineralized bone matrix scaffolds retain the original components of the natural bone matrix (hydroxyapatite and collagen type I), and possess good biocompatibility allowing osteosarcoma cells to proliferate and aggregate into clusters within the pores. Growing within the scaffold conferred elevated resistance to doxorubicin on MG-63 and MNNG/HOS Cl no. 5 cell lines as compared to two-dimensional cultures. Transcriptomic analysis showed an increased enrichment for drug resistance genes along with enhanced glutamine metabolism in osteosarcoma cells in demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism resulted in a decrease in drug resistance of osteosarcoma, which could be restored by α-ketoglutarate supplementation. Overall, our study suggests that microenvironmental cues in demineralized bone matrix scaffolds can enhance osteosarcoma drug responses and that targeting glutamine metabolism may be a strategy for treating osteosarcoma drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ren
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhu Sun
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiya Lu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaijun Li
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Reconstructive and Regenerative Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Yang R, Yang C, Su D, Song Y, Min J, Qian Z, Shen X, Li J, Su H. METTL3-mediated RanGAP1 promotes colorectal cancer progression through the MAPK pathway by recruiting YTHDF1. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:562-573. [PMID: 38267624 PMCID: PMC11016466 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ran GTPase activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) has been implicated in various diseases, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. Using tumor tissues and public databases, we found that RanGAP1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis of patients. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was found to play an important role in higher expression of RanGAP1. MeRIP-seq, RIP-qPCR, Luciferase reporter assays and other related experiment elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying m6A modification of RanGAP1. Besides, cell function experiments and xenograft tumor models corroborated the function of RanGAP1 in CRC progression. By RNA-seq and related analysis, RanGAP1 was verified to influent CRC progression via the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, N6-methyladenosine modification of RanGAP1 by METTL3/YTHDF1 plays a role in CRC progression through the MAPK pathway and could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. Schematic diagram showed that N6-methyladenosine modification of RanGAP1 promotes CRC progression via the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danjie Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixin Qian
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangjing Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haichuan Su
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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6
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Hu Y, Du Y, Qiu Z, Bai P, Bai Z, Zhu C, Wang J, Liang T, Da M. Construction of a Cuproptosis-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:40-58. [PMID: 37243753 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a cuproptosis-related gene signature for the prognosis of gastric cancer. The data in TCGA GC TPM format from UCSC were extracted for analysis, and GC samples were randomly divided into training and validation groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to obtain cuproptosis-related genes co-expressed with 19 Cuproptosis genes. Univariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were used to obtain cuproptosis-related prognostic genes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the final prognostic risk model. The risk score curve, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and ROC curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of Cox risk model. Finally, the functional annotation of the risk model was obtained through enrichment analysis. Then, a six-gene signature was identified in the training cohort and verified among all cohorts using Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier plots, demonstrating its independent prognostic significance for gastric cancer. In addition, ROC analysis confirmed the significant predictive potential of this signature for the prognosis of gastric cancer. Functional enrichment analysis was mainly related to cell-matrix function. Therefore, a new cuproptosis-related six-gene signature (ACLY, FGD6, SERPINE1, SPATA13, RANGAP1, and ADGRE5) was constructed for the prognosis of gastric cancer, allowing for tailored prediction of outcome and the formulation of novel therapeutics for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Bai
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bai
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chenglou Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tong Liang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Da
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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7
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Zheng S, Guerrero-Haughton E, Foijer F. Chromosomal Instability-Driven Cancer Progression: Interplay with the Tumour Microenvironment and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2712. [PMID: 38067140 PMCID: PMC10706135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations, a state also known as aneuploidy. CIN is associated with increased chances of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance to therapeutic interventions, and this is a dismal prognosis. In this review, we delve into the interplay between CIN and cancer, with a focus on its impact on the tumour microenvironment-a driving force behind metastasis. We discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that have resulted from these insights and underscore their crucial role in shaping innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zheng
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Guerrero-Haughton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Yustein JT. Deciphering the Signaling Mechanisms of Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11367. [PMID: 37511127 PMCID: PMC10379831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric and adolescent populations. It has high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. In contrast to many other sarcomas, OS lacks conserved translocations or genetic mutations; instead, it has heterogeneous abnormalities, including somatic DNA copy number alteration, ploidy, chromosomal amplification, and chromosomal loss and gain. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes have not significantly improved in over 30 years. Currently, no effective molecularly targeted therapies are available for this disease. Several genomic studies showed inactivation in the tumor suppressor genes, including p53, RB, and ATRX, and hyperactivation of the tumor promoter genes, including MYC and MDM2, in OS. Alterations in the major signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog/Gli, TGF-β, RTKs, RANK/RANKL, and NF-κB signaling pathways, have been identified in OS development and metastasis. Although OS treatment is currently based on surgical excision and systematic multiagent therapies, several potential targeted therapies are in development. This review focuses on the major signaling pathways of OS, and we propose a biological rationale to consider novel and targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K Nirala
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taku Yamamichi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Otani S, Ohnuma M, Ito K, Matsushita Y. Cellular dynamics of distinct skeletal cells and the development of osteosarcoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181204. [PMID: 37229448 PMCID: PMC10203529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone contributes to the maintenance of vital biological activities. At the cellular level, multiple types of skeletal cells, including skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, orchestrate skeletal events such as development, aging, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor and the main form of bone cancer. Although it has been proposed that the cellular origins of OS are in osteogenesis-related skeletal lineage cells with cancer suppressor gene mutations, its origins have not yet been fully elucidated because of a poor understanding of whole skeletal cell diversity and dynamics. Over the past decade, the advent and development of single-cell RNA sequencing analyses and mouse lineage-tracing approaches have revealed the diversity of skeletal stem and its lineage cells. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the bone marrow endoskeletal region have now been found to efficiently generate OS and to be robust cells of origin under p53 deletion conditions. The identification of SSCs may lead to a more limited redefinition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs), and this population has been thought to contain cells from which OS originates. In this mini-review, we discuss the cellular diversity and dynamics of multiple skeletal cell types and the origin of OS in the native in vivo environment in mice. We also discuss future challenges in the study of skeletal cells and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Otani
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohnuma
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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