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de Medeiros AM, Lobo MF, Vieira MDT, Duarte L, Carvalho JPM, Teodoro AC, Claro RM, Gomes NR, Freitas A. Social Vulnerability of Brazilian Metropolitan Schools and Teachers' Absence from Work Due to Vocal and Psychological Symptoms: A Multilevel Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2972. [PMID: 36833667 PMCID: PMC9966546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teachers' voices and psychological symptoms are the main reasons for absence from work. The objectives of this study were: (i) to spatially represent, through a webGIS, the standardized rates of teachers' absences due to voice (outcome 1) and psychological symptoms (outcome 2) in each Brazilian Federative Unit (FU = 26 states plus Federal District) and (ii) to analyze the relationship between each national outcome rate and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of the municipality where urban schools are located, adjusted for sex, age, and working conditions. This cross-sectional study comprised 4979 randomly sampled teachers working in basic education urban schools, of which 83.3% are women. The national absence rates were 17.25% for voice symptoms and 14.93% for psychological symptoms. The rates, SVI, and school locations in the 27 FUs are dynamically visualized in webGIS. The multilevel multivariate logistic regression model showed a positive association between voice outcome and high/very high SVI (OR = 1.05 [1.03; 1.07]), whereas psychological symptoms were negatively associated with high/very high SVI (OR = 0.86 [0.85 0.88]) and positively associated with intermediate SVI (OR = 1.15 [1.13; 1.16]), in contrast with low/very low SVI. Being a woman (voice: OR = 1.36 [1.35; 1.38]; psychological: 1.22 [1.21; 1.24]) and working in schools with various precarious conditions (17 variables) increased the odds of being absent due to voice and psychological symptoms. The results confirm the need for investments to improve working conditions in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Mesquita de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Speech-Language Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fernandes Lobo
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcel de Toledo Vieira
- Department of Statistics and Graduate Program in Economics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lia Duarte
- Institute of Earth Sciences, FCUP Pole, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Teodoro
- Institute of Earth Sciences, FCUP Pole, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Nayara Ribeiro Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Speech-Language Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Alberto Freitas
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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An YH, Kim J, Kim HJ, Lim K. Effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation on muscular fatigue and inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:38-46. [PMID: 32698260 PMCID: PMC7451841 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine-enriched essential amino acid (LEAA) supplementation on muscle fatigue and the level of inflammatory cytokines in wheelchair basketball players after a basketball game and interval training. METHODS Of the ten recruited wheelchair basketball players (aged 34.5±8.9 years; lean body mass of 34.3±10.0 kg) who had spinal cord injury (SCI) and had undergone amputation, nine participated in the final test. These nine athletes received LEAA supplements (3 times 4.0 g/day) or placebo treatment in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. We measured variables related to muscular fatigue and inflammatory response before the intense exercise and 4 days after recovery. RESULTS The significant effect of LEAA supplementation was inhibition of circulating IL-6 levels in the LEAA-treated group compared with the placebo group (P < .05). However, no changes were observed in the TNF-α and creatinine kinase levels. Moreover, analysis of variance analysis showed no significant difference in the relative values of muscle soreness. However, the effect size analysis with Cohen's d reported a significant improvement in the relative values of whole body and back muscle soreness. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that LEAA supplementation before and after intense exercise could help reduce muscle soreness and IL-6 levels in wheelchair basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan An
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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