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Liu J, Wu YP, Qi JJ, Yue ZP, Hu CD. Effect of Statin Therapy on Diabetes Retinopathy in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211040109. [PMID: 34617462 PMCID: PMC8642113 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We tried to find the relationship between statin and
diabetes retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and
the Cochrane Library for eligible studies reporting on the relationships between
statin use and DR, from inception to September 25, 2020. The terms searched
including Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase
Inhibitors, and Diabetic Retinopathy. We expressed the results as the odds
ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) which were calculated using a
random-effects model. Results: A total of 6 eligible studies,
including 43 826 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis
showed that statin was not associated with elevated risk of DR [OR = 0.96 (95%
CI: 0.80-1.16), P = .68]. Similarly, no differences were found
between statin and placebo in participants ≥500 [OR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.80-1.21)]
or participants <500 [OR = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.49-1.66)]. Further, we conducted a
meta-analysis to study the effect of statin therapy on DR in people with type 2
diabetes according to age and found that statin use was associated with a
decreased risk of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes 40 years of age or older
[OR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92)]. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed
that statin was not associated with elevated risk of DR in patients with
T2DM. Moreover, statin use was associated with a lower incidence of DR in
patients with type 2 diabetes 40 years of age or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Juan Qi
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Yue
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Hu
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei Province, China
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Viscoelasticity as a measurement of clot structure in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients: towards a precision and personalized medicine approach. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50895-50907. [PMID: 27447972 PMCID: PMC5239445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) have a considerably higher cardiovascularrisk, which is closely associated with systemic inflammation, and an accompanying pathologic coagulation system. Due to the complexity of the diabetic profile, we suggest that we need to look at each patient individually and particularly at his or her clotting profile; as the healthiness of the coagulation system gives us an indication of the success of clinical intervention. Results T2D coagulability varied markedly, although there were no clear difference in medication use and the standards of HbA1c levels. Research design and methods Our sample consisted of 90 poorly controlled T2D and 71 healthy individuals. We investigated the medication use and standards of HbA1c levels of T2D and we used thromboelastography (TEG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their clot formation. Conclusion The latest NIH guidelines suggest that clinical medicine should focus on precision medicine, and the current broad understanding is that precision medicine may in future, provide personalized targets for preventative and therapeutic interventions. Here we suggest a practical example where TEG can be used as an easily accessible point-of-care tool to establish a comprehensive clotting profile analysis for T2D patients; and additionally may provide valuable information that may be used in the envisaged precision medicine approach. Only by closely following each individual patient's progress and healthiness and thereby managing systemic inflammation, will we be able to reduce this pandemic.
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Undas A. Fibrin clot properties and their modulation in thrombotic disorders. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:32-42. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-01-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAccumulating evidence indicates that accelerated formation of fibrin clots composed of compact, highly-branched networks with thin fibres which are relatively resistant to plasmin-mediated lysis can be commonly observed in patients with venous or arterial thrombosis. This review discusses characteristics of fibrin clot structure and function in patients with various thromboembolic manifestations, in particular myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and venous thromboembolism, based on the publications till December 2013. Moreover, factors will be presented that in vivo unfavourably determine altered fibrin clot properties in thrombotic disorders and modalities that can improve clot phenotype.
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Pretorius E, Mbotwe S, Kell DB. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) reverses the amyloid state of fibrin seen in plasma of type 2 diabetics with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9680. [PMID: 28851981 PMCID: PMC5574907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has many cardiovascular complications, including a thrombotic propensity. Many such chronic, inflammatory diseases are accompanied (and may be exacerbated, and possibly even largely caused) by amyloid fibril formation. Recognising that there are few strong genetic associations underpinning T2D, but that amyloidogenesis of amylin is closely involved, we have been seeking to understand what might trigger the disease. Serum levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide are raised in T2D, and we recently showed that fibrin(ogen) polymerisation during blood clotting can be affected strongly by LPS. The selectivity was indicated by the regularisation of clotting by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). Since coagulopathies are a hallmark of T2D, we wondered whether they might too be caused by LPS (and reversed by LBP). We show here, using SEM and confocal microscopy, that platelet-poor-plasma from subjects with T2D had a much greater propensity for hypercoagulability and for amyloidogenesis, and that these could both be reversed by LBP. These data imply that coagulopathies are an important feature of T2D, and may be driven by ‘hidden’ LPS. Given the prevalence of amyloid formation in the sequelae of diabetes, this opens up novel strategies for both the prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Sthembile Mbotwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK. .,Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, MANCHESTER M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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Konieczyńska M, Bryk AH, Malinowski KP, Draga K, Undas A. Interplay between elevated cellular fibronectin and plasma fibrin clot properties in type 2 diabetes. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1671-1678. [PMID: 28569923 DOI: 10.1160/th17-04-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with faster formation of poorly lysable, denser fibrin clots and elevated cellular fibronectin (cFn), a marker of vascular injury. We investigated whether cFn affects clot properties in type 2 diabetes. In 200 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 control subjects matched for age and sex, we determined plasma cFn along with clot formation and degradation using turbidimetric and permeability assays. Diabetic patients had elevated cFn (median, 3.99 [interquartile range, 2.87-4.81] µg/ml]), increased clot density (MaxAbsC) and prolonged lysis time (LysT) compared with those without type 2 diabetes (all p<0.01). Diabetic patients with documented cardiovascular disease (CVD, n=127, 63.5 %) had increased cFn (4.53 [3.68-4.95] µg/ml), decreased clot permeability (Ks) and increased MaxAbsC compared with those without CVD (all p<0.001). Diabetic patients with cFn in the top quartile (>4.81 µg/ml) were two times more likely to have CVD compared with those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 1.80, 95 % confidence interval 1.41-2.46, p<0.001). No differences in cFn were observed in relation to microvascular complications. After adjustment for potential confounders, cFn accounted for 10.2 % of variance in Ks, 18.2 % of variance in clot density and 10.2 % of variance in AUC in diabetic patients. This study shows that elevated cFn is associated with unfavourably modified clot properties in type 2 diabetes, especially with concomitant CVD, which indicates novel links between vascular injury and prothrombotic alterations in diabetes. Coagulation, cellular fibronectin, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anetta Undas
- Anetta Undas, MD, PhD, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland, Tel.: +48 12 6143004, Fax: +48 12 6142120, E-mail:
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Norton DG, Fan NK, Goudie MJ, Handa H, Platt MO, Averett RD. Computational imaging analysis of glycated fibrin gels reveals aggregated and anisotropic structures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2191-2198. [PMID: 28371216 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a computational imaging analysis method is presented for the evaluation of aggregation and anisotropy in both native (unglycated) and glycated fibrin matrix structures. The imaging analysis was used to test the hypothesis that glycated fibrin structures are more aggregated and anisotropic than unglycated (native) fibrin structures. Glycation of fibrinogen, and subsequently fibrin, occurs under normal physiological conditions; however, excess glycation due to disease states such as diabetes can disrupt the fibrin matrix and cause an abnormal structure and function. Studies that elucidate morphological changes in glucose incubated fibrin matrices are necessary to better understand thrombosis, which occurs due to hypercoagulable conditions. In this study, imaging algorithms were designed for the determination of aggregation of fibrin fibers within a matrix as well as preferential orientation (anisotropy) due to glycation. The results showed that glycated fibrin structures displayed an overall higher degree of aggregation and anisotropy as compared to unglycated fibrin structures. However, for glycated fibrin matrices that were polymerized utilizing extended incubation periods representative of physiological plasma glucose conditions, the results showed that fibrin aggregation and anisotropy decreased when compared to unglycated matrices. The algorithms showed that incorporation of the crosslinking agent FXIII into the fibrin matrix was shown to decrease both aggregation and anisotropy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2191-2198, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Norton
- School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, Georgia, 31404
| | - Natalie K Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Georgia, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Georgia, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Manu O Platt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology College of Engineering and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Rodney D Averett
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Georgia, College of Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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Averett RD, Norton DG, Fan NK, Platt MO. Computational imaging analysis of fibrin matrices with the inclusion of erythrocytes from homozygous SS blood reveals agglomerated and amorphous structures. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 43:43-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen). Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:24-52. [PMID: 25335120 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the two phenomena are usually studied separately, we summarise a considerable body of literature to the effect that a great many diseases involve (or are accompanied by) both an increased tendency for blood to clot (hypercoagulability) and the resistance of the clots so formed (hypofibrinolysis) to the typical, 'healthy' or physiological lysis. We concentrate here on the terminal stages of fibrin formation from fibrinogen, as catalysed by thrombin. Hypercoagulability goes hand in hand with inflammation, and is strongly influenced by the fibrinogen concentration (and vice versa); this can be mediated via interleukin-6. Poorly liganded iron is a significant feature of inflammatory diseases, and hypofibrinolysis may change as a result of changes in the structure and morphology of the clot, which may be mimicked in vitro, and may be caused in vivo, by the presence of unliganded iron interacting with fibrin(ogen) during clot formation. Many of these phenomena are probably caused by electrostatic changes in the iron-fibrinogen system, though hydroxyl radical (OH˙) formation can also contribute under both acute and (more especially) chronic conditions. Many substances are known to affect the nature of fibrin polymerised from fibrinogen, such that this might be seen as a kind of bellwether for human or plasma health. Overall, our analysis demonstrates the commonalities underpinning a variety of pathologies as seen in both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis, and offers opportunities for both diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131, Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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